Chii shorthand - wenhoroondo zvinhu uye kuitika maonero

Chii shorthand - ruzivo hwaiitirwa kwete nyota zivo kuongorora reader, asi anewo kushanda mune vanhu vane mabasa chokuita kudiwa maonero uye kubudiswa hombe Vhoriyamu ataura rwezuva.

Historical preconditions kuti kurzive

ABC, makasimbiswa muzana remakore rechi9 pamusoro mirairo Byzantine Emperor hama Cyril naMethodius, kushandiswa nokuda shanduro yechiGiriki mabhuku edzidziso kupinda necheSalvic. Asi zvakajeka uye zviri nyore zviri Cyrillic arufabheti chiratidzo gadziriro vakabatsira kuti nokukurumidza uye yakafara kufambiswa necheSalvic Language Wakanyorwa uye kurishandisa kwete chete mune zvechitendero, asiwo mumhuri uye bhizimusi pamwero.

Pakazopera rechi10 remakore necheSalvic arufabheti vakatanga kushandiswa iri mundima Old Russian mamiriro sezvo mutauro chechi. Old mutauro kwechiSlavonic zvishoma nezvishoma dzakachinja pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu East necheSalvic kwezuva nezuva pakutaura, wakabudisa itsva zvinhu maro.

Hwakawanda huripo Manyoro vakabvumira masayendisiti kuti kuronda dzidziso yacho chiratidzo kuratidza Cyrillic. Zvokukura yekare Fonts okunatsiridza zvinosanganisira tsamba mitemo (zvikuru magwaro ekare ndeyemunguva remakore rechi11), Semi-zvakare, kushandiswa kubva remakore rechi14 uye akava muenzaniso mashoko okutanga akadhindwa mabhuku kuRussia, uye kurzive, yakabuda akapotsa panguva imwe chete halfuncial.

Zvokukura Kugadzirwa Russian kurzive hurongwa

Old Russian kurzive yakabuda sezvo chinhu chinokosha etsamba, asi runako nokukurumidza akawana vakwanise kushandiswa. Chii kurzive, zvazikamwa voruzhinji, uye yaishandiswa zvose zvoupenyu.

Kwemakore 16-17 kurzive anova kushanda akazvimirira uye dzinoumba mhando kunyora, zvimwe zvinhu izvo handishanduki munguva yedu.

The chikuru Zviratidzo kurzive

Kurzive aiva dzinoverengeka dzakasiyana zvinhu. Musiyano mukuru nevamwe mhando mabhuku ekare Russian aiva Kuramba kwakaita geometricity kutopedza chinoratidza chinokosha anoitwa mashoko chaiwo kunyora tsamba, kurerukirwa uye kukurumidza chifananidzo. Kuumba vatambi siyana vari wakatenderera, dzaisiyana kunyora uppercase uye lowercase tsamba, manyorerwo kunowanda sitiroko, zvishwe, Extensions kuti vaende mhiri mutsetse, pane kukwana coherence mabhii.

Chido mhanyisa runyoro Nzira zvishoma nezvishoma zvakatungamirira rusununguko uye zvikuru nyore lettering, pakuonekwa kusiyana zvifananidzo zvavo (manyorero) Fusion kunyora mitsetse.

wehurumende kurzive

Yokutanga yezana remakore rechi18 inoguma kurzive Anoumba inonzi akwegura Russian dzakaitika. Inotevera pavaipfuura Kugadzirwa kurzive kunyora kuRussia, akazonzi veHurumende. It kunoratidzwa anoitwa uye proportionality chiratidzo, kuti abolition mamwe okunze, zvikuru kuverenga.

The nadzurudzo kuchaitwa Peter I mukuvamba remakore rechi18, yakanyangarika arufabheti tsamba 10 uye paiva idzva 4 (E, E, Q, R), diacritical mavanga kunge akadzima. Paiva yoga chiperengo mashoko uye zvirevo, kuti hurongwa kunokudziridzwa yavaive mavara makuru.

The kwaita zvakawanda nyore, nyore uye anonzwisisika tsamba imwe vakabatsira kuti pave Russian mabhuku, kuverenga uye dzidzo. Anoshandiswa wehurumende kurzive Fonts rinoshandiswa kudhinda mabhuku mabasa rokunyika hunhu, mapepa dzesayenzi, zvinyorwa hurumende, zvikumbiro.

Mugore pakuzadzisa yevagari kurzive simba kunokanganisa Latin kunyora hurongwa. Pakazosvika pakati pezana remakore rechi19, kuumbwa kurzive iro Fonts rinoshandiswa shoma kana havashanduki nguva yedu.

Chii shorthand nhasi

Pane nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti akurumidze runyoro, kwakavakirwa kushandiswa abbreviations zvinyorwa hurongwa - acronyms, abbreviations, acronyms. Stenography, shorthand, semantografiya, manotsi - nzira mukuru-nokukurumidza kunyora, achinyorera nzira yakasiyana kunyora ruzivo, uchishandisa zvimwe chiratidzo hurongwa, chinangwa.

rokushandura kurzive

Maererano mubvunzo rokushandura, riri kurzive, mumwe mukuru kuti shanduro anokwanisa, kunyanya nemumuromo akatevedzana.

Kusiyana shorthand, rinoratidza verbatim chinyorwa kana kunyora manotsi, inobva kuderedzwa kunyora pasi huru chokwadi, kurzive shanduro mabasa, chokwadi, webetsero ndangariro zvinoreva, vanobudirira chiito nokuda chengetedzo chorugwaro pasina chinokosha mutoro. Kunoitawo kuti kurerutsa kurasikirwa mashoko kana tama yakawanda hwemashoko mashoko. Kurzive rinoshandiswa mushanduro, hakusi nyore Kuda kutamba chorugwaro, uye achabatsirwa kuzviitira dudziro zindoga uye uchatamisa kiyi mashoko mashoko.

nzira Basics

Basic misimboti nzira hwaakange waifarirwa shanduro kurzive zvinosanganisira kusarudza mashoko zvinoreva mukuru, vamwe kurekodha hurongwa anonyora kunze mavhawero pakati mashoko, uye kaviri nemavara, kushandisa zviratidzo pachinzvimbo tsamba kunyora kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro matanda.

The kurerukirwa uye kunyatsoshanda pazvinhu ndiko kumhanya Kuongororwa, yakajeka, kukwanisa kufunga zviri acho padariro maonero. mushanduri nomumwe anosarudza pakusarudza vatambi pachavo voga, kazhinji vachishandisa non-kwomutauro zviratidzo zvavo.

Pari, kushandisa mukuru-nokukurumidza kurekodha gadziriro iri zvishoma nezvishoma kurasikirwa kushanda kwayo nokuda kukura kwemichina. Kunyange zvakadaro, avo vaiita mabasa eshanduro, achiziva kuti ane shorthand yakadaro, ndizvo zvinosimbisa professionalism yavo.