Chii ndege yacho fuselage? A redunhu mudziyo, STRUCTURAL zvinhu

The fuselage munhu mufambi ndege rinobatanidza mapapiro, muswe uye mune zvimwe zviitiko chassis. Mwari akaronga kuti midziyo, vashandi uye zvinhu. Ndege pasina fuselage inonzi zvinobhururuka bapiro. In yayo thickened mupanda ndiye zvose zviri kwakajairika motokari muviri. Chimbofunga zvimwe zvakawanda zvinotaurwa ndege yacho fuselage. Photos of chikamu ichi zvicharehwawo aendeswe munyaya.

mukuru zvinodiwa

Achitsanangura nemashoko maviri, izvo ndege fuselage, tinogona kutaura kuti cabinet ichi. Nokuti chikamu ichi ndege kusangana nhevedzano zvaanoda:

1. Pfungwa kushandiswa womukati vhoriyamu.
2. Minimum zvuva.
3. Nechokwadi yakakwana kudzokorora nzvimbo yemutekenyi uye vashandi vemo pokugara.
4. Nhungamiro Teplozvukoizolyatsiya uye tightness.
5. Nyore vachidzikisa / loading.
6. kufefetedza zvakakodzera, chiedza uye kudziyisa.

zvekunze chimiro

Ndege fuselage geometry axisymmetric muviri inopiwa ane kumeso tapering akananga kuoneke uye aft nhengo. In chimiro chakadaro, akapa shoma pamusoro nzvimbo vakapiwa saizi. Nokudaro, akaderedza rakambotsoropodza yakanamirwa pamifananidzo, ari kuramba kunoderedza. Low uremu anopa abatsirike kana pachena kwazvo nevamwe rakanamwa mberi. Zvisinei, nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka, ichi akanaka chimiro haakudzwi. Kumeso vanotyora contours, kunyanya zvinhu ndege fuselage sezvo kabhini zviedza, radar kanyanga kwakadaro. Izvi zvinozoita kunotungamirira vawedzere kuzvidzivirira uye kwakawedzera uremu. Zvimwechetezvo kunoitika munguva shure kubva kuyerera siyana ari muswe muchikamu. Panyaya iyi, iyo tilting angled inopiwa kuwedzera kana vachigurisira pamusoro murwere uye nhumbi tsotsonya.

mitoro

Achitsanangura zvakanga fuselage (mufananidzo akurukurwa munyaya, inoratidza zvachiri), inofanira pamusoro zvinokonzerwa kuti ari kushushikana. Panguva kumhara uye akatizira nokuda chikamu ichi vari:

1. Mauto chinopfuudzwa kubva kunofambidzana zvinoriumba. Aya anosanganisira mapapiro, kumhara giya, Feathering, powerplant nezvakadaro.
2. Misa inertial Migumisiro midziyo, zvinhu dzakabatana kuti vari zvakananga mairi.
3. Aerodynamic mauto, izvo anoparadzirwa mhiri pemvura.
4. Inertial Migumisiro warwo uremu. Rine pacharo ndege fuselage mamiriro.
5. Masimba kunyanya kumanikidzwa vari nezvikamu zviri zvokushandisa, munhu pressurized kabhini.

All akaratidza mitoro vari zvachose pakati nepakati. Tichifunga kuti yakadaro fuselage mukati STRUCTURAL Vanamakanika, unogona pasi payo muchimiro bhokisi girder. Muchikamu chero zvinokanganisawo chinjikira uye kutwasuka nemauto, torque. The pressurized nezvikamu akawedzera kwavari kunyanyisa zvemukati kumanikidzwa.

rationality module

The optimum anoonekwa kuti wakadaro ndege fuselage zano umo achakwanisa kutora ose mitoro pamusoro apa nokuti zvakakwana pasi deadweight. Mutete-akavakirirwa goko iyi nyaya ndee kuna pamatanda mamiriro. Full rationality akapa kushandisa yakanamirwa pamifananidzo. Panguva apo fuselage iri ndege, pane zveko aerodynamic mauto, womukati overpressure, yose basa simba. A dzakaonda-namasvingo goko, kutsigira muviri mukati maximally anogutisa zvinodiwa marongerwo kurerukirwa kunopa muitiro nyore, kuita. zano kwakadaro anonzi sezvo fuselage akafara. Yamboshandiswa truss dzakabatana. Ivo chezvematongerwe vakarasikirwa akafara panguva yake uremu. Chii ndege yacho fuselage truss-mhando? Sheathing muchiitiko ichi Kwabviswa kubva basa simba zvachose. Zvinotora dzeko aerodynamic zvinorema chete. Kana isu kutaura chii ndege fuselage iyi inogona kurondedzerwa sezvi- module, iyo inowedzera zvachose kurema chikwata. Space truss yekudyidzana zvinoomesa kuti marongerwo pakati nhumbi. Zvazvakashatira module ichi kwakaguma chokwadi kuti hazvina kushandiswa ndege ano. Vanofanira kushandiswa chete yakaderera-nokukurumidza chiedza apparatuses ndege duku.

kupatsanura

Kune mhando nhatu ndege fuselage:

1. Cladding.
2. Spar.
3. Stringer.

Okupedzisira vaviri vakasiyana mumwe mu chimiro uye mativi muchinjikwa chikamu. Longitudinal kuisa panzvimbo apo fuselage iri ndege rine stringers uye longerons. Encasing module mu muchinjikwa chikamu kunosanganisira mapuranga. Anopa akafanorongerwa chimiro Kuchengetedzwa panguva deformations goko uye uchatamisa dzichiitika uye vakagovera zvinorema. Munzvimbo umo ndege fuselage, mune dzimwe nzvimbo umo zvinogona wevasungwa mikuru mauto. Kuti adzivise deformation muzviitiko izvi zvinoiswa kunosimbiswa mapuranga. Danda modules kwaitwa upi mirayiridzo chinoonekwa kufukidza chose. Mairi pane tangent zvibudire effortlessly. kuparadzirwa kwavo kunoenderana nechokugedhi kwokunze zvazvinoita uye muchinjikwa-sectional Maumbirwe module. Sheathing zvakazara anogamuchira torque. Panyaya iyi, iyo tangential kubuda ari kuparadzirwa zvakaenderana pamusoro mukomberedzo. The goko saka, kazhinji ane odnozamknuty gandiwa mu muchinjikwa chikamu. Munzvimbo mune cutouts ari goko, akagadza simba kurira. Vanopa munzvimbo idzi kuchinjwa zvose nokuedza.

Stringers uye longerons

chikamu The longitudinal pamusoro ndege fuselage vanowanzova pamusoro wayo yose kureba. Pamwechete ganda vanotora inowanzotorwa nedanga chairo. Manufacturing pamusoro stringers uye spars vanhuwo kuitwa, sezvo mutemo, kubva hwakakungwa kana extruded Profiles nedzimwe muchinjikwa-chikamu. Longitudinal zvinhu vane kuomarara guru. Panguva dzakakwirira mitoro, mune zvimwe zviitiko, anogona kuiswa kumiririra spars. Vanosanganisira zvikamu akawanda chokuita nomumwe. Kana reuna mavanga matanda makuru anoshandiswa - longitudinal zvinhu bhokisi-chikamu. Ivo akagadzirwa extruded zvikamu, izvo kukurukura nemumwe uye masvingo yakanamirwa pamifananidzo.

Bends

Vanogona yanyatsosimba kana kwakajairika. Recent nechokwadi kuchengeteka muchinjikwa sectional Maumbirwe module. Heavy-basa mapuranga anoshandiswa munzvimbo huru kuwanda kunetseka pamusoro muviri. Ndivo nodes, majoini zviyero, vachigadzira zvinhu, midziyo guru, injini uye zvichingodaro. Wana akasiyawo pamusoro Panogumira huru mawindo ari cabinet. Kwakajairika mapuranga vane, sezvo mutemo mumwe muviri mamiriro. Ivo akagadzirwa extruded kana tefa papepa. Yanyatsosimba zvinhu anoshanda ari muchimiro namahwindo gwara simbi puranga kana I-chikamu. Tangential kuyerera anoita kutsigira maitiro. The furemu anoparadzira kwokunze simba pamusoro mukomberedzo. Zvichakadaro iye chiito vanobwembura. It rinotsanangura kwayo muchinjikwa chikamu. The namaapuro pepuranga yakadaro ndiyo monolithic kana chikwata. Muzvinhu kuisa partitions Akazadzisa bulkhead rusvingo vasonanidza chose. It rinotsigirwa nezvinoitwa chinjikira uye tote profiles. Sheathing pamusoro pamatanda zvinogona kuva idenderedzwa nevamwe. Makavigwa chisimbiso zvinhu zviri akaronga radially.

sheathing

Zvinonzi zvakagadzirwa papepa simbi. Vari akaumba pamusoro Profile pemvura redzimba uye yakasimbiswa. Hudyu machira ane transverse uye longitudinal zvikamu module. Nokuti encasing zvitunha vaishandisa monolithic rumbabvu aenzana. Munguva ichangopfuura, kushandiswa zvikuru kwakapararira rinoumba zvinhu.

remubatanidzwa zvinoriumba

Sheathing chinogona kubatanidzwa mapuranga kana stringers kana vaviri ivavo, uye nevamwe. A musimboti chokutanga rinoshandiswa chifukidzo modules. Kana achabatanidza chete kune stringers anoshandiswa riveted longitudinal vazvo. Muchinjikwa-kubatana saka vasipo. Izvi anovandudza aerodynamic ehupfumi ari module. Asi muchiitiko ichi, vashoma mitoro lining anorasikirwa takatsiga kwayo. Izvi zvinotungamirira nokuwedzera magadzirirwo uremu. Kuti izvi zvisaitika, kuti goko rinowanzoshandiswa chokuita compensator puranga kuda - zvakawanda kuda.

majoini

Kana girder fuselage spar zano anoteererwa kushandisa nodes izvo dziri chete panguva longitudinal nhengo. majoini izvi zvinonzi pfungwa. Hwakapiwa remubatanidzwa akashandisa girder stringer fuselages. The majoini vane kunhivi mukomberedzo pakati pamatanda pamwe kunowedzera kunyorerana ganda zvokusarudza uye stringers. Compounds fuselages dzakadaro kazhinji kuitwa pachishandiswa flanges. mhesano kwakadaro inopa simba riine nhengo kunyorera gandiwa.

Kubhururuka zvidzidzo

Connection nodes dzinofunga yanyatsosimba mapuranga. Ivo vanoita kuti kushanda zvakaoma disk. Nokuda kwavari voitakura kunze kwekuda yakavakirwa longitudinal zvinorema. Garo nodes vanofanira kutaura simba spars. Kuderedza uremu fuselage mamiriro zvakakodzera kuderedza uwandu yanyatsosimba mapuranga. On nechimwe chine maatomu akafanana zvakadai zvinogona akaiswa akawanda edunhu kuda pfungwa.

mapapiro

Sezvo dzakananga kuchiitwa kugadzira zvikamu izvi zvinoshanda vakadengezera iri vachikotama nguva iri pamwe zviri bapiro aenzana. Ichakurukurwa ndaisagona BALANCInG rwerudyi nekuruboshwe zvinhu pamusoro pakati, nomunyika fuselage. Nokuti rudzi module spar zvakakwana kuti kusuwa longitudinal nhengo - kwavari achava vakadengezera mudanga. Kubatanidza chimwe-chidimbu uye bapiro bhokisi kuburikidza dzimba vanofanira kupfuura vose simba pemapuranga. Kana kuti zvimwe chikonzero bhora kuburikidza fuselage zvinhu hazvigoni chinozoiswa, ari vakafugama nguva kurudyi nokuruboshwe anofanira kuvharwa iri rine mutoro-mapuranga. Izvi mhinduro Zvisinei, zvinogona kushandiswa pane bapiro spar, sezvo nhamba zvikamu zviri mazviri duku. Monoblock uye coffered zvinoriumba inoda nhamba huru yanyatsosimba mapuranga. Hazvisi zvakaoma kuita pamusoro magadzirirwo. Muzviitiko zvakadaro zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa spar urongwa.

Kiel

pagomo rake kunoda fanira kuchinjwa ari vachikotama nguva pamusoro fuselage. Nokuti chinangwa ichi mumwe keel nhengo longitudinal zvakabatana nesimba pepuranga kuda. Kana zvichibvira, unogona kushandisa rechikepe spar mhando bogmærke mbiri muzano. Vane kukwirira pamatanda. Museve-zvakaumbwa longitudinal nhengo ane yokumbozorora mharadzano munzvimbo naye. Zvinoda fanira kuisa zvimwe chisimbiso. Inogona waived panyaya kana pamatanda pachaiswa obliquely kuti akabatana ari fuselage kuti ndege yaiva kuenderera parusvingo spar. Asi kuitika nezvechisarudzo ichi chichange pamwe mamwe matambudziko.

cutouts

The nechepakati Chikamu ndege fuselage zvinosanganisira makomba pamahwindo, misuo, madhoo, magetsi, vhiri matsime. mavanga izvi zvose mukaputsa kuvhara ganda gandiwa. Saizvozvowo, kudzikama iri yekudyidzana ipfupi uye chitunha simba. Kuti aripire Nokurasikirwa achitevedza contours ari mawindo iri nepaImba furemu hwakaoma reuna. With miganhu duku cutouts chinhu monolithic marongerwo. Zvinonzi kubva papepa chinoitirwa tsika kana zvimwewo. Okantovyvayut makomba makuru mativi yanyatsosimba mapuranga. Longitudinally vakatasva matanda. Panguva iyoyo havafaniri kuguma mukati rusesi uye mhiri yanyatsosimba pemapuranga. Izvi zvinoita yakaoma Tab pamusoro longitudinal zvikamu. kumhara giya wakaiswa kuti yanyatsosimba mbabvu uye spars panzvimbo dzapasi chikamu muviri.

pressurized kabhini

Kana richibhururuka panguva mukuru kukwira umo kunyanya kumanikidzwa anodzokororwa. Kuti pave nechokwadi Minimum uremu airtight cabins ushande navo muchimiro rinosvika kana humburumbira pamwe idenderedzwa ea. Zvakakodzera kusimbisa puranga, riri panosangana zvikamu. Izvi zvinotarisirwa nokuti zvinotora zvikuru yakakura compressive mutoro. The pressurized kabhini kabhini ane mutoro zvisingakoshi kumanikidzwa hakuiti chaidzo vachikotama deformations. It anoshanda chete mune makakatanwa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, akati Foroma kuti shure. Izvi zvinozoita kunotungamirira kuwedzera uremu yose mamiriro. Inonzi zvakafanira Rigidity sandara paneeli rinoshandiswa vachikotama. Achifuridzirwa overpressure, ivo anotsigirwa transverse uye longitudinal matanda (mbabvu). Kuti chiwedzere Rigidity ari mashoko the pane chiri muchimiro sangweji zvakagadzirwa. The mumatumba inofanira vaipa rakavimbika kuiswa chisimbiso zvose akakiya uye riveted majoini. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, rinokosha tepi. Akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya sealant, mastic promazyvayut asiri nokuomesa, zvinenge zvakazara chaiwo remubatanidzwa zvichiteverwa nokuomesa. Panguva mhesano ari goko mahwendefa kushandiswa multi-mutsara rivet majoini increments diki. Zvikurukuru nokungwarira kupatsanurwa hermetic madhoo, mahwindo, magetsi, masuo. Kuiswa chisimbiso inopiwa nokushandisa chaiyo chisimbiso nzira. Zvinogona kuva rabha evapambi, tepi, Inflatable sepombi, gaskets.

raida zviito

Kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti zvaidiwa zvinodiwa kuti zvinoshanda kuti ndege fuselage, vamwe chiito anofanira kuitwa. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

1. The kusarudza zvakadaro parameter tsika uye kwokunze casing siyana umo zvuva uchaderedzwa kushoma, uye anobatsira vhoriyamu azvaitwa, vachava Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri.
2. Muchishandisa vachisimudza fuselage. Nokuda kwavari akasika chinokosha chikwidzo. Izvi zvinoita kuti kuderedza uremu uye nzvimbo bapiro.
3. Pfungwa kushandisa anobatsira vhoriyamu. Izvi zvinoitwa kuwedzera marongerwo arambe achirema, chiine placement zviri mutoro iri nechepakati vakawanda. Panyaya iyi kuti kuchiderera vakawanda nguva inertia , uye kuvandudza maneuverability unhu. Kuderedza kuwanda kusiyana muzinda regiravhiti kana mafuta burnup, akasiyana embodiments rokukwidza inopa mukuru kugadzikana uye nani kukurukurwa.
4. Alignment fuselage simba matunhu muzvikamu zvakabatanidzwa nayo. Muchiitiko ichi anofanira kuva dzakasimba kutara, uye vakadengezera Kupfuudzwa netsapo simba nhengo bapiro, achiwana giya, empennage vezvikwata kuti dzimba.
5. Kugovera I / O zvivanakire vaunoshanda, mubhazi, berthing, vachizvitakudza / vachidzikisa nhumbi, midziyo, zvinhu dzaizopiwa chokufambisa.
6. Kupa mukana ainoita muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana. Izvi zvakakodzera zvikurukuru rokuongorora uye kugadzirwa.

Nokuti vashandi uye vatakurwi ose anodiwa ezvinhu anofanira akasikwa, uyewo zvakakodzera azvipire nyaradzo panguva kutiza panguva pamatunhu altitudes. Chinodiwa kuitira ruzha uye nokupisa mudziye cabins, zvinokuchengetedzai uye achikurumidza kwechimbichimbi mbudo kubva kabhini. Vashandi uyewo panokwanisika ezvinhu anofanira akasikwa. Kunyanya, mumwe muchidimbu vezvikepe akanaka zvicharangarirwa, nyore ndege uye nendege zvakanaka.