Inotungamirwa, Sainzi
Chii akayera nemwaranzi? ionizing nemwaranzi
Pfungwa yokuti "mwaranzi" kwakadzika midzi mupfungwa dzedu somunhu akaipa chaizvo uye ngozi chaiyo. Zvisinei, vanhu vanoramba kurishandisa nokuda kwezvinangwa zvavo. Chii chaizvoizvo? Chii akayera nemwaranzi? Sei zvinokanganisawo mupenyu muviri?
Radiation uye Radioactivity
Naizvozvo Latin shoko nemwaranzi nemwaranzi rinoshandurwa se, "zviedza" "chiedza" uye izwi rinomiririra simba achine rikurumidze. Energy propagates ari nzvimbo iri muchimiro hova nezvimedu uye mafungu.
Kune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana nemwaranzi - kungava chafariz (michini) chiedza, ultraviolet, ionizing. Rokupedzisira ndicho ngozi uye hunokuvadza, pano anosanganisirawo Arifa, Beta, wegamma, Nyuturoni uye X-ray. It chinhu chisingaoneki nemaziso nezvimedu anokwanisa ionizing nefuma.
Radiation haauyi woga, zvinonzi inoumbwa zvinhu kana zvinhu nevamwe ehupfumi. The nuclei emaatomu ezvinhu izvi zvinhu dzinotsauka ari kuora dzavo anotanga tichiratidza simba. Nekugona zvinhu uye vanotongwa kuti ionizing (radioactivity) nemwaranzi inonzi radioactivity.
radioactive zvinyorwa
Kusiyana pfungwa kuti mwaranzi - zviri renyukireya chete simba zvinomera uye mabhomba, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pane mhando mbiri payo zvepanyama uye hazvizivi. Chokutanga aripo kusvika kose. In nzvimbo inogona emit nyeredzi dzakadai sezuva redu.
On Earth, radioactivity vane mvura, ivhu, jecha, asi nemwaranzi dose hazvisi kunyanya guru. Izvi ingabva 5 kusvika 25 micro roentgens paawa. Kukwanisa nemwaranzi uye ane nyika pachayo. ura Her vanoumba mumwe muzvizhinji kuti mwaranzi inopisa, semuenzaniso, marasha kana uranium exchange. ehupfumi ava kunyange zvidhina.
Chakagadzirwa nemwaranzi vanhu vakagamuchira chete XX remakore. Man akadzidza kushanda chinoumba zvinhu kusagadzikana kugadzira simba kuti mhanyisa kufamba mhosva inoramba. Somugumisiro, kwakadaro simbi nemwaranzi tsime, simba renyukireya uye zvombo zvenyukireya, maturusi kuti chirwere uye sterilizing zvigadzirwa.
Chii akayera nemwaranzi?
Zvisinei, akabuda nemwaranzi iri achiperekedzwa pezvakaitwa siyana, pane zviumbu wandei kuti unhu kuitwa ionizing dzenzvimbo uye mafungu. Mazita chii kunoonekwa ne nemwaranzi, zvinowanzobatanidzwa mazita masayendisiti uyo akaongorora naye. Saka, pane becquerel, Curie, pendants uye X-ray. Nokuti ane chinangwa tinyatsonzwisisa nemwaranzi akayera zvivako zviri radioactive nezvinhu :
sezvo kuyerwa | Chii akayera nemwaranzi |
mabviro basa | Bq (Becquerel), Ci (Curie) |
noita |
The matambudziko radioactivity pamusoro asiri mupenyu rinenge kunoyerwa sezvinotevera:
sezvo kuyerwa | ukoshi | chikwata yakayerwa |
kunyura dose | Kuwanda nemwaranzi nezvimedu iyo takurirwa fuma | Gy (Gray), anofara |
ekisiposha dose | uwandu nemwaranzi yokuita zvinoitwa mwero ionization yamarudzi + | P (X-ray), K / makirogiramu (Coulomb pa kilogram) |
nemwaranzi kukuvara zvipenyu:
sezvo kuyerwa | ukoshi | chikwata yakayerwa |
noenderana dose | Kunyura nemwaranzi dose kane ane chinhu pamusoro dhigirii nengozi yacho mwaranzi mhando | Sv (Sievert) rem |
inoshanda noenderana dose | Verengai vakaenzana mishonga munzvimbo dzose dzomuviri, kufungisisa sei ose nhengo | Sv rem |
noenderana dose zvazvingava | zvoutachiona mugumisiro nemwaranzi, nokuti imwe nguva | Sv / h (Sievert paawa) |
Human ekisiposha
Radiation Radiation anogona kukonzera irreparable utachiona kuchinja mumuviri. nezvimedu Fine - ions rakapinza muruoko zvipenyu rinenge anogona zvisungo pakati mamorekuru. Chokwadi, chaizvoizvo kunobva nemwaranzi dose yakagamuchirwa. Natural kumashure nemwaranzi haisi ngozi kune upenyu, uye haukwanisi kuchiparadza.
Radiation kubatsira vanhu anonzi irradiation. Zvingava somatic (pamuviri) uye magene. Somatic nemwaranzi Marwadzo zvinozarurwa muchimiro dzakasiyana zvirwere: namamota, leukemias, zvirwere zviri nhengo. Kuratidzwa chikuru pamusoro mwaranzi chirwere kunosiyana nekuomarara.
Genetic migumisiro nemwaranzi zvinozarurwa zvaipesana pakusangana miviri kana kukanganisa utano zvizvarwa zvaizotevera. Mumwe kuratidzwa majini mugumisiro kunotouraya.
Rakapinza mano nemwaranzi
Zvinosuruvarisa vanhu mukana kuwana chine simba nemwaranzi. Tsaona yakaitika muUkraine Japan, mukuru nezvainoita upenyu hwevanhu vakawanda. Asati paChernobyl uye Fukushima ruzhinji rwenyika haafungi pamusoro nemwaranzi mashandiro basa uye nyore kuchengeteka zviyero.
Ionizing nemwaranzi ndiyo PARTICIPLE kana norwizi photons, ine mhando dzakawanda, imwe neimwe ine rakapinza okufunga. The dukusa vari Arifa mwaranzi kana inoramba. Chipingamupinyi uye kunyange ganda iri nguo mutete kwavari. The ngozi anouya zvakananga kuonana nemapapu kana zvomudumbu turakiti.
The Beta nezvimedu vari maerekitironi, sokunonoka dzavo mutete magirazi, emapuranga zvinhu. Maekisirei uye wegamma-mwaranzi pinda zvinhu uye micheka vari nani. Vanokwanisa kuchengeta kutungamirira ndiro, mumwe mutinhimira mukobvu, kana makumi ezviuru dzinoverengeka mamita nekongiri. Nyuturoni nemwaranzi kunoitika apo chakagadzirwa mabasa panguva renyukireya zvakaitwa.
Kuidzivirira kubva pakushandisa zvinhu zvine rehydrogen, beryllium, graphite, mvura inoshandiswa, polyethylene wakisi.
mhedziso
Mupfungwa yakakura, nemwaranzi - Radiation inofanira inobva chero muviri. Kazhinji ichi izwi rinoshandiswa mupfungwa riri ionizing nemwaranzi - vanodirana zvokutanga inoramba kuti kunogona zvinhu uye zvinenge. The mugumisiro nemwaranzi yenyukireya anogona kuva zvakasiyana, zvose kunobva dose.
With dzinongoitika nemwaranzi tinosangana ose zuva, nokuti zvose zvakatipoteredza. uwandu Its Kazhinji diki. Chakagadzirwa nemwaranzi yenyukireya anogona kuva zvikuru ngozi, uye pamigumisiro kwakakanganisa.
Similar articles
Trending Now