Chemical ehupfumi acids

Acids inonzi kunzwisisa yeimwe rinoumbwa rehydrogen maatomu ane mano ichabvisa maatomu simbi, uye iine acid vakasara.

Acids muri electrolytes. Chemical ehupfumi acids anotsanangurwa nokuda sezvamunoita yavo.

Patsanura asidhi pamusoro siyana chikonzero:

1. Maererano nokuwanda rehydrogen maatomu.

2. By kuvapo okisijeni.

3. Maererano mwero dissociation.

Maererano nenhamba okisijeni maatomu (ichi kunobva makemikari ehupfumi acids) vari akakamurwa anoxic (rehydrogen sulfide, hydrochloric asidhi uye zvichingodaro. D.) Uye okisijeni tubhokisi (nitric, sulfurous, uye silicic t. D.)

Maererano nenhamba rehydrogen maatomu ari asidhi vari:

- monobasic, rine imwe rehydrogen atomu (hydrochloric acid, nitric acid);

- dibasic rine rehydrogen maatomu maviri (sulfuric acid, rehydrogen sulphide);

- tribasic rine zvitatu rehydrogen atomu (phosphoric).

Wechitatu kuchiitwa asidhi rakakamurwa simba electrolytes (phosphoric, carbonic, etc. D.) Uye simba electrolytes (hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric).

Chemical ehupfumi acids

Kuvapo rehydrogen ions mu asidhi mhinduro anosarudza dzavo acidic ezvinhu uye yakashapa kuravira. Zvisinei, unogona kuedza navo rurimi sezvinobvira namakemikari kutsva.

Litmus methyl Orange chakarurama uye Kuchinja ruvara ayo pasi pokudzora acids.

Acid zvingaitwa sei pamwe dzinokosha oxides, zvichiguma nokuumbwa munyu uye mvura.

The acids vakaitei nemashoko simbi kurudyi hydrogen chinhu pamusara voltage simbi. Zvinoguma resimbi munyu uye rehydrogen.

The acids vakaitei nezvigadziko. The kuita zvibereko mumwe munyu, uye mvura. Zvakaitwa pakati asidhi uye alkali (chawo) inonzi kuita neutralization.

The acids vakaitei nemashoko munyu zvinogadzirisa, kana mamiriro ezvinhu panowanikwa uye nzira zvakaitwa kusvikira kumugumo Ion Exchange, i.e. munhu precipitate kana gasi asunungurwa.

Makemikari ehupfumi kuti makemikari acids vane maitiro avo.

Properties ose phosphoric asidhi

Phosphoric asidhi dzaro aqueous mhinduro dziri hwakaderera acids akadai nitric uye sulfuric. asidhi iyi, umo mamiriro kune vatatu okisijeni maatomu. An electrolytic dissociation pamusoro phosphoric asidhi kunoitika stepwise. Typical asidhi - phosphoric acid, ayo makemikari ehupfumi anotsanangurwa sezvamunoita.

Kugadzirisa kwakaita phosphoric acid, dihydrogen phosphate ions varipo iri huru. Ions izvo akaumba yechipiri dissociation Danho iri zvikuru zvishoma, uye phosphate ions, mugumisiro wechitatu ionization pachikuva, hariwanzotaurwa. Pamusangano wokutanga Danho phosphoric asidhi - svikiro asidhi simba. Sezvo pane mhando nhatu acidic residues vari kukurukurirana pamusoro phosphoric asidhi pamwe alkali munyu vari kuumbwa sezvinotevera: phosphates, rehydrogen phosphates uye dihydrogen phosphates.

Orthophosphoric asidhi kungava anosiyaniswa kubva mumwe parutivi asidhi vakaita nesirivha nitrate, umo inopfurwa yero precipitate. Other phosphorus acids kuwadzana sirivha nitrate kuumba chena precipitate. Orthophosphoric asidhi pamusoro kudziyisa nokuumba mvura unodokwairira pyrophosphoric acid.

Chemical ehupfumi kuti hydrochloric asidhi

Hydrochloric asidhi ane simba monobasic asidhi pamwe yokuita ehupfumi acids. Hauoneki fuming zvishoma mvura mhinduro rehydrogen chloride mumvura. Munyu pamusoro hydrochloric asidhi vanonzi "chloride".

Hydrochloric asidhi anogona vakazvigadzirirwa zvokuverengera kugadzirisa zviri yavaibvisa chloride uye sulfuric acid, uye rehydrogen chloride zvazvichanyungudutswa mvura. Hydrochloric asidhi ikasakendenga ane chawo, nokudaro wezvamatongerwe munyu uye mvura. By kuita pamwe alkali neutralization kuita kunoitika. Unogona kuziva chikonzero chakarurama ichi. ayo ruvara kuchinja, zvichireva munhu kwazvakarerekera mhinduro.

Zvingaitwa hydrochloric asidhi uye sirivha nitrate kunotungamirira kuti paumbwe insoluble munyu - sirivha chloride iyo precipitates.

Hydrochloric asidhi ikasakendenga nokuva simbi. Kana aiswe mhinduro, zingi, rinoita inotungamirwa anotanga uye kubudiswa rehydrogen.

Hydrochloric asidhi ndiyo hwokufananidzira acid, zvaanoita nezvigadziko, simbi uye munyu.