Blackbody nemwaranzi yaro

It akadana muviri dema sezvo vakadaro nokuti absorbs kuwa zvose pamusoro pake (kana panzvimbo paro) nemwaranzi muna zvinooneka chakarondedzera uye mberi. Asi kana muviri hauna neshungu, simba iri kuzodzosera chaibwinya shure. nemwaranzi Izvi chaibwinya nedare dema, zviri kufarira. Kuedza kutanga kudzidza ehupfumi ayo vatakurwa kunze kunyange pamberi kwaita muenzaniso pachayo.

Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi19, Dzhon Lesli vaedza chepfu zvakasiyana siyana. Somugumisiro, dema chin'ai kwete chete absorbs ose chiitiko panguva chiedza wake vanooneka. Iye airatidza ari michini siyana akasimba zvikuru kupfuura dzimwe, asi raita zvinhu. Rakanga kupisa nemwaranzi kuti rakasiyana nemamwe marudzi ose vakawanda zvivako. The nemwaranzi blackbody zvakanyatsoenzana, homogeneous, hapana simba kuchinjirwa uye zvinoenderana tembiricha muviri. Pamusangano zvakakwana yakakwirira tembiricha iri chinhu ari chafariz nemwaranzi unoitwa dzinooneka, uye ipapo chero muviri kusanganisira blackbody anowana ruvara.

Ichi chinhu rakasiyana iyo inongorira chete imwe mhando simba, vaisagona kukundikana ndirumbidzwe. Sezvo tiri kutaura pamusoro chafariz nemwaranzi, zvaifanira kushandiswa kutanga uye zvinodzidziswa pamusoro sei chakarondedzera anofanira kutarira akafanana, rakachengetedzwa wakatangwa muna kuumbwa wethermodynamics. Classical wethermodynamics aigona kusarudza pane wavelength inofanira vaifanira nemwaranzi pane imwe tembiricha dzakapiwa, umo mirayiridzo uye sei achaita kutama kudziyisa uye kutonhora. Zvisinei, izvozvo vakatadza kufungidzira kuti simba pakugoverwa iri chakarondedzera imwe blackbody panguva wavelengths zvose, uye zvikurukuru, ari ultraviolet siyana.

Maererano Dzidziso dzenhoroondo wethermodynamics, simba inogona chaibwinya kubudikidza chero migove, kusanganisira sezvo diki sezvo achida. Asi kune mumwe muviri dema kuti emit pa mapfupi wavelengths, nesimba vamwe nezvimedu ayo anofanira huru kwazvo, uye vangadai vaenda kusaverengeka mumunda Ultra-pfupi mafungu. Chokwadi ichi zvisingaiti, paiva kusaverengeka ari equations uye anonzi ultraviolet dambudziko. Chete dzidziso Planck kuti simba inogona chaibwinya mu migove discrete - quanta - vakabatsira kugadzirisa dambudziko. Nhasi wethermodynamics equations dzinokosha zviitiko zviri equations ose quantum wefizikisi.

Pakutanga muviri dema achimiririrwa mhango ane rakamanikana buri. Radiation panze anowana mugomba mhango yakadaro uye woga pamasvingo. Pamusoro chakarondedzera pamusoro mwaranzi, izvo zvinofanira kuva muviri dema, muchiitiko ichi, rakafanana akabuda chakarondedzera mubako pasuo, tsime gomba, hwindo mukamba nerima kuine zuva, etc. Asi kupfuura zvose naye chete spectra ose yepasi pose microwave pakanyorwa nemwaranzi zvakasikwa uye nyeredzi, kusanganisira zuva.

Zvinokuchengetedzai kutaura kuti zvikuru chimwe chinhu zvacho vane simba akasiyana, ndipo pariri ichafanana blackbody nemwaranzi. simba Kuparadzirwa munyonga ari chakarondedzera imwe blackbody inoratidza Statistical regularities munyika negadziriro nezvimedu, pamwechete musiyano chete kuti simba chinopfuudzwa vari kukurukurirana pamusoro discrete.