White phosphorus, tsvuku uye vatema - unhu uye kushandisa

Phosphorus iri zvakajairika namakemikari chinhu pamusoro redu. zita rayo anoshandura se "luminous", nekuti zvayo yakachena chimiro, uvhenekere zvakajeka murima. Zarura chaikosha ichi chaiva zvikuru netsaona, alchemist Henning Brandt, paakaedza kusvina goridhe kubva weti. Sezvo phosphorus ndiye wokutanga chinhu kuti masayendisiti vaikwanisa kuwana kuburikidza kuedza kwavo.

Zvinoitwa phosphorus

Zviri mishonga chaizvo, saka rinogona kuwanikwa chete muchimiro zvicherwa - yeimwe nevamwe zvinhu, izvo pane 190 marudzi. Chinonyanya kukosha remubatanidzwa - mumwe karusiyamu phosphate (apatite chicherwa). Zvino kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana apatite, vakawanda chiri fluorapatite. Of apatite akaumbwa marudzi nedombo sedimentary - phosphates.

Nokuti zvinenge mhenyu phosphorus zviri zvikuru, sezvo chikamu zvose romuriwo uye mhuka mapuroteni muchimiro siyana yeimwe.

In miti, maatomu akafanana izvi zviri kunyanya mapuroteni ari mbeu uye mhuka - siyana mapuroteni ropa, mukaka, masero uropi uye huta munyama. uwandu huru phosphorus huri muchimiro calcium phosphate mune mapfupa vertebrates.

Phosphorus iripo muna zvitatu allotropic okunatsiridza: phosphorus chena, tsvuku uye dema. Ngationgororei navo zvizere.

White phosphorus kunogona kuwanikwa nokukurumidza zvichitonhorera kuti iite. Ipapo kuumbwa crystalline hwakasimba, iri zvachose yakajeka uye Hauoneki wakachena mamiriro. White phosphorus, aida kutengeswa, kazhinji kupendwa mune zvishoma yellowish ruvara uye chitarisiko chawo zvakafanana zvikuru wakisi. In ichi fuma chando zvinova kusimba, uye pane imwe tembiricha pamusoro madhigirii 15 anova nyoro uye hunogona kungoparara kuchekwa nebanga.

In mvura, chena phosphorus haina ichiputswa, asi anopindura zvakanaka zvinoita zvokufembedzwa. Mudenga nayo oxidizes nokukurumidza (anotanga kupisa) uye achiri glows murima. Chaizvoizvo, pfungwa luminous fuma uye mutikitivha nyaya Hound of Baskervilles chokuita chena phosphorus. Chinhu simba muchetura kuti ngozi kunyange mishonga duku.

Red phosphorus - yakasimba rima yakatsvuka, iro rine ehupfumi akasiyana chaizvo kubva zvinorondedzerwa kumusoro. Zvinonzi oxidized mumhepo zvishoma nezvishoma, murima, chiedza, dzakavhenekera bedzi kudziyisa zvine makemikari solvent mhinduro kwayo hazvibviri, uye hazvisi muchetura. A kudziyisa simba, panguva iyo hakuna kuwana mhepo, izvozvo pasina utsotso, iri dzikwanise chiutsi, iyo, iri kutonhora, uye vakawana chena phosphorus. Mune combustion ose zvinhu zvose kuumbwa phosphorus oxide, izvo kunoratidza kuvapo kwavo nemamiriro ichocho. Nemamwe mashoko, ivo inoumbwa chete Kufananidzira - phosphor - uye ayo allotropic okunatsiridza.

Black phosphorus yakagadzirirwa kubvira chena panguva madhigirii 200 Celsius pasi kumusoro kumanikidzwa. It ane layered chimiro, mumwe esimbi kubwinya uye chitarisiko zvakafanana graphite. Of kwemarudzi ose hwakasimba fuma ndiye muduku zvinoshingaira.

Kushandiswa phosphorus

Modern kugadzirwa kwezvinhu phosphorus - vanenge miriyoni imwe matani pagore. vaburitsi Major: United States, Netherlands, Canada, Germany.

Unorema kubva anogadzirwa phosphorus kudyiwa nokuda chafariz phosphoric asidhi rinoshandiswa pagadzirwe fetiraiza uye phosphates. White phosphorus rinoshandiswa sechinhu incendiary uye utsi-unobereka mumiriri, kusanganisira kuti tracer zvombo.

Red rinoshandiswa kuti kugadzirwa nomunhu incendiary pose ane matchbox, uye kugadzirwa incandescent chiedza Mabumba, anoita somunhu getter.

Phosphorus awana kushanda kwayo pane simbi. Rinoshandiswa sechinhu chirungiso kubereka doped alloys, solders, nyoro rinobva alloys uye antifriction.