Rationalism Descartes

Rationalism (reshiyo) - zvinoratidza pfungwa kwouzivi kuziva mafungiro (pfungwa) sezvo zivo zvose uye ayo chokuratidza chokwadi. Dzidziso iyi vakava akakurumbira muzana remakore rechi17. Kunyatsogona zvinotendwa ouzivi, tsika vakauya Rene Dekart. In ake "Nhaurirano iri Method", "Kufunga pamusoro uzivi itsva" uye mamwe mabhuku rwakapedza dambudziko rakavimbika ruzivo mumunda ruzivo wayo zvinorwisana maitiro. Hazvina kunyanya aikudzwa kubva rationalism Rene Dekarta dzidziso hunobatsira kuoma Bacon.

Chokutanga, kukudziridza pfungwa, akataura kuti pane mitemo zvina cognition: ari yakarongeka mubvunzo, kuzvidzora, ongororo uye uchapupu. Rationalism Descartes akasimbisa chokwadi pamberi nokuziva pfungwa, muzivi akati: "Ndinofunga kuti, saka ini zviripo." Uchapupu dzidziso iyi, muna zvaanofunga, akarara ari kururamiswa nemafungiro, kuvimba naye. Panguva iyoyo Mwari ndiye rubatso pamusoro intelligibility of akasika nyika, uyewo zvinhu sezvazviri zivo kwevanhu.

System nharo zvakataurwa Descartes anotsanangura pfungwa nokuvapo chokuziva pfungwa somumwe chikuru zvokudya rationalism. Created zvinhu dzinodzidzwa chete kuburikidza grooves mupfungwa. Nokudaro zvose akaumbwa zvinhu zviviri, pasina mumwe - muviri uye mweya. Panyaya iyi, yezvakaita muviri - kwete kupfuura mashandiro. Vachisimbisa kutonga rokufunga pamusoro manzwiro uye muviri kunonyadzisa ndiyo musimboti kuuya kuwana Masvomhu siyana tsika nounhu mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana. Ndiyo pfungwa kuti anotakura rationalism pamusoro Descartes.

Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kukosha ino yakakura kuti kukura uzivi uye nesayenzi. Rationalism Descartes kwete chete vakabatsira kuti paumbwe mitemo mitsva uye nenheyo, asiwo vakaumba hwaro vamwe anoranga kwesayenzi, kunyanya analytic geometry, masvomhu.

Hunyambiri pane pfungwa, akabvumira kuzoumba kungoreva chete hunyambiri dudziro dzidziso. Rationalism Descartes akapa tsanangudzo mudziyo wenyika, nacho mune imwe mifananidzo husingaoneki uye zvinhu panguva imwe chete. mudziyo munyika okuti anogona kuparadzanise nayo (uchishandisa ongororo) kupinda zvinoriumba kuti zvine musoro chokuita nomumwe uye anorondedzerwa zvakarurama mathematically. Izvi akavanza methodological yechinangwa nedanho mathematization rwokuzvarwa nesayenzi.

A zviine musoro munhu ane deductive uye nzwisisa pfungwa, vanogona kuzadzisa yakavimbika ruzivo. Deductive nzira chete anobvumira avo zvekungofungira zvinoonekwa nokuti pfungwa zvakajeka, zvipfupi - regai kuti chokwadi chake nechokwadi. Mukuwedzera, mukati yechinangwa nzira iri kuitwa dismemberment kunzwisisa ose dambudziko private anoumba yake nguva nenguva achichinja kubva anozivikanwa asingazivikanwi nekusimba uye unproven, pasina makwanza pabvunzo kubvumirwa Links.

Mumazuva Descartes zvakabatanidzwa zvikuru. Zvisinei, Science, akaonekwa inonyanya kukosha, uye mukana wayo kushanda mu musangano siyana kwevanhu zvinodiwa kupfuura varume ruzivo akamusimudza pezvakaitwa pfungwa.

Pasi pokudzora dzidziso Descartes, Benedikt Spinoza akataura rationalism, uchishandisa geometric nzira. pfungwa dzake, iye zvinoratidzwa basa rake "Ethics". In basa iri, chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinotanga zvakajeka uye zviri nyore tsanangudzo pfungwa. Izvi zvinoteverwa nokusuma axiom, kutaura pamwe uchapupu. In mhedziso, sokutaura nharo kwouzivi.

Spinoza akataura nhanho nhatu cognition. Chokutanga - soro - vakafunga kuti kunzwisisa chokwadi intuitively zvinoonekwa zvakananga nepfungwa. Chechipiri pamwero inowaniswa pfungwa pfungwa, inoda hapana uchapupu. Chechitatu, yakaderera sandara, yakavakirwa kutsinga dzinouya maonero enyika.