Bircus inobereka: tsanangudzo, nzvimbo uye chikafu

Kubvira panguva yakare kare, munhu akapa mhuka dzesango ane hulo chaiye yechakavanzika. Izvi zvinosanganisira mabhena machena, ayo ndiwo marudzi ekare kare. Nhoroondo yavo inotora makore anopfuura mamiriyoni.

Kuonekwa

Irobheya ine mazita akasiyana-siyana -Asia, matema, neTibetan, uye anozivikanwa seye Himalayan. Nhengo yake haisi yakasiyana zvikuru nedzimwe nhengo dzemhuri yebere. Asi pakuswedera pedyo nekuongorora, munhu anogona kuona zvinhu zvinoshamisa kune izvi zvisikwa.

Nechiyero, machena-bears akaderera zvakanyanya kune hama dzavo dzine ruvara. Varume vakura vanosvika kureba kwete masendimita 170, uye uremu hwavo hunosvika 110 kusvika 150 kg. Bumbiro remitemo iri nyore, naizvozvo hutumbwe hunofambisa uye huchikurumidza. Makuru akareba akareba, ari pamusoro mutsvuku, akapa mhuka chimiro chaicho. Utsi hwakanaka uye hwakajeka hwemavara akanaka-madhaini-resin pane nape inoumba rudzi rwekorori. Chiratidzo chitsvuku pachifukidzo chine chimiro chekuvhara chiratidzo chiratidzo chakasiyana chebheya, nemhaka yekuti yakagamuchira zita rayo. Hupenyu hunotarisirwa hahupfuuri makore gumi nemana pahuwandu. Nyama yemhuka idzi inonyanya kukosheswa, inokonzera kufarira kwakanyanya vatsva. Ichi chaive chimwe chezvikonzero izvo nhasi mabhiza machena akanyorwa muRub Book Book rweRussia.

Habitat

Mhuka yeHimalaya inogara munzvimbo ine makomo kubva kuA Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan kusvika kuJapan neKorea. MuRussia, inorarama zvikuru muPrmorsky neKhabarovsk Territories. Iyo inowanikawo kuchamhembe kweVietnam uye pachitsuwa cheTaiwan.

Iyi bere inoda kugara mumasidhari emisidhari nemiti yemiti yemiti, apo Manchurian nut, linden, Mongolian oak vanosangana. Dzivisa spruce-fir taiga, masango eBurch nemasango mashoma. Kazhinji, machena-bears anogara munzvimbo yedondo, iri pedyo nemipata yehova, makomo emakomo, iyo yakakwirira haifaniri kupfuura mamita 700-800. Vanoda nzvimbo idzodzo apo masango makuru anowanzoita . Muma Himalaya, vanogona kuwanikwa muzhizha uye pahupamhi hwemakiromita mana, munguva yechando mhemberero dzinowanzoburukira kumakomo. Chisarudzo chekugara, chichena-bheari chinongosiya mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kune matambudziko nezvokudya.

Lifestyle

Zvizhinji zvehupenyu hwake uyu mhuka inopedza pamiti, kuendako zvokudya nekutiza kubva kuvavengi.

Nokudaro, chichena chine mazamu (Himalayan) chinotakura zvakakwana miti, zvichiita izvi nehukuru hwakakura kusvika pakukwegura. Nguva yekuzvarwa, kunyange kubva pamiti yakakwirira kwazvo, inotora mushure memaawa matatu.

Anorongawo chivako pamuti, achichisarudzira nzvimbo yakadzika yakadzika pamusana wemamita masere masere kana kuti kushandisa muti wakare unomusiki usina chinhu (poplar, linden kana musidhari). Iyo inodonha kuburikidza nehutano hunokosha hwehuni uye inokura ukuru hwemukati mukati memuti. Bhabheri rimwe nerimwe rine rakadaro. Kana paine njodzi pane nguva dzose chisarudzo chisina kukodzera kwaanogona kuvhara. Muhubernation, mavara-machena-mazai anopedza anenge mwedzi mitatu-kubva munaNovember kusvika munaMarch, dzimwe nguva vanosiya bhiza ravo muna April chete.

Mhuka idzi dzinowanzoda kutsvaga. Asi zvinoitika kuti munzvimbo dzinenge zvokudya zvakawanda, vanhu vanoverengeka vanogona kuungana pamwechete. Panguva imwecheteyo, hutungamiri hwehurumende, hunofunga nezvezera uye uremu hwemurume, hunonyatsocherechedzwa. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka nekutanga kwemwaka wekumhanya.

Ushamwari pamwe chete nemhembwe hunovaka kuburikidza nenzira yekuonekwa, kuratidzira maitiro kumamiriro avo. Kana chikara chikarara pasi kana chikarara - iyi ndiyo mamiriro ekutumira. Chinhu chimwechete chinoreva kudzokera shure. Iro rinorema bere rinogara richienda kumakwikwi aro.

Nharaunda iyo mazamu akachena aripo anorarama inogumira kumakero emakino, ayo varume vanoratidza miganhu yezvinhu zvavo. Mukuwedzera, vanoderedza musana wavo pamiti yemiti, vachisiya kunhuwira kwavo pavari.

Power supply

Kudya kwemhuka idzi kunonyanya kudyara zvokudya, saka zvinokonzera kwavari - nguva yakaoma zvikuru. Pamberi pemiti yakasvibirira inoratidzika muhuwandu, mbeu dzinosvava, mashizha emakore apfuura emakwenzi nemaarangi, rootlets uye mababu anochera kubva pasi, pinda muchidya.

Pakutanga kwezhizha, kana uswa hwekutanga huchioneka, mabhena machena anokwira kumipata, achidya majaya maduku eengirozi, sedge nemombe-uswa. Usapotsa mukana wekudya mazai e shiri neshiri. Apo rafberries inobereka, currants, shiri cherry, mapikisi emapine, inova chikafu chikuru chemabhere. Kunyange mhuka dzakwegura zvikuru dzinogona kukwira miti nyore nyore pakutsvaga zvokudya. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakanaka chaizvo. Sezvo aputsa uye atora davi nemichero, bheya inoridzika pasi payo, saka pashure pechinguva pasi payo chinhu chakaita sedendere chinoumbwa. Mariri, inogona kuva yakareba kwazvo, idya uye ugare.

Sezvakaita hama dzakasviba, machena-bears akanaka zvikuru nevadiwa. Pamberi pake ivo vakagadzirira kukwira kune imwe nzvimbo yakakwirira, vachichera kunyange rusvingo rwakakosha rwemuti umo nyuchi dzinogadziriswa.

Mugore rekukohwa, nokuda kwekuunganidza mafuta emvura, marimu chete uye acorns zvakakwana zvebheya. Kwemwedzi nehafu yekudya kwakanaka, uremu hwevanhu vakuru vemafuta akawanda hunowanzoenderana ne30% yehutatu hwemuviri.

Kubereka nokurera vana

Zvirwere zvepabonde zvinosvika makore gumi nemana. Nguva yechato inotanga kusvika kubva munaJune kusvika munaAugust, ichipfuura zvakanyarara. Mushure memwedzi 7, munguva yechando, musikana kazhinji ane 1 kana 2 anenge asina kupfeka uye ari bofu cubs. Kurema kwavo hakupfuuri 800 g.Kwapedza mwedzi nehafu vana vanovharwa kutanga ne grey fluff, iyo inokurumidza kuendesa kumvere nhema. Vanotoona uye vanonzwa zvakanaka zvakakwana, vanogona kufamba-famba vachipinda.

Nekutanga kwechitsime, kana kugara kwekushisa kwakanaka kuchigadziriswa, vana vanaamai vanobva mubindu. Panguva ino, uremu hwavo hunowedzera ne 5 nguva. Vanodya zvikurukuru pamusoro pemukaka waamai, uye nekuuya kweuswa hwakasvibirira vanowanzoenda kune fodya, iyo inonyanya kuwanda mumipata yehova. Ikoko, uye enda pamwe chete naamai vediki madhenzi-mazai, kwavanogara kusvikira kugwa.

Ichando chinotevera vanopedza vose pamwe chete mugomba, uye nekutenga ivo vari kutanga hupenyu huri voga.

Zvinokanganisa zvinhu

Basa rezvehupfumi hwevanhu uye kushambadzira zviri kukonzera kukuvadza kukuru kune vagari vematanda aya. Vanhu vomunharaunda havakwanisi kutevera mitemo yekuvhima, kupisa mhuka chero nguva yegore, kazhinji mushure mokunge uchiita hibernating, kunyange zvazvo mabhiza machena akanyorwa muRot Book Book reRussia.

Chimwe chikonzero chinokonzera kuderera kwenhamba yemhuka idzi ndiko kuputsa masango, moto. Vashandi vari kutsvaga nhapwa vanowanzochera matanda mumiti ine mashizha, mushure mokunge vanga vasina kukodzera nokuda kwebhere. Zvose izvi zvinoderedza mhuka dzekuchengeteka kwemamiriro ekurota. Zvinowanzoitika kuti vanomanikidzwa kupedza nguva yechando pasi.

Kusavapo kwenzvimbo yakachengeteka kunotungamirira ku kuwedzera kwekufa kwemabhere kubva kunezvikara. Vanokwanisa kurwisa tambo, bere rebhuru, uye vana vanowanzotambudzwa nemhumhi uye lynx.

Security measures

Mushure mokunge bhechena-bhearded bear yakanyorwa muRubhuku Bhuku, kuvhima kwayo kwakarambidzwa zvachose. Kunyanya kukoshesa kunobhadharwa kune kuchengetedza kwezvigaro zvekugara kweizvi uye kuronga kwakasimba pamusoro pokuguma kwekuparadzwa kwezvivako zvaro. Kurwisana kwakasimba nemapumhi kunotarirwawo kuchengetedza vanhu vema-bears. Kuvandudza nhamba yemhuka idzi, kuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza zvakasikwa nemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka kwavari. Apiaries, pose pose pavanowanzoshanyira, vane zvigadziriswa zvinoshandiswa.

Hemala yeAraalaya uye munhu

Izvi zvakanyanyisa, pasinei nekuonekwa kwayo kusina kunaka, uye mhuka yakadzika yakave yakakwezva murume. Nhau dzakawanda nenyaya uye nheyo dzakanyorwa pamusoro pake. Kukwanisa kwebheya yakachena-ndebvu kunongedza nyore kutapwa kunotungamirira kukuti vamwe vamiririri vemarudzi aya vakava vaseki chaivo vanoita. Ivo vanogona kunyatsokwanisa kudzidzisa nekudzidza matanho akasiyana.

Munhu anogara weZoo, iyo inokonzera vazhinji vateereri tsitsi, ibhebhe-chena. Bhuku ReRubvu, iyo mhuka idzi dzinosanganiswa, dzinoreva kune boka revanhu vanotambura, uye kuiswa kune Appendix 1 yeCITES Convention inoreva kurega kutenderera kwebhesi nekuda kwebhizimisi.

Kunyange zvakadaro, mukutapwa kwekuve nemabheji aAraalayan zvakaoma. Kuti vavadzose kumatende avo emunharaunda, nzvimbo yekuvandudza yakagadzirirwa muPrmorsor Krai, apo mhuka dzinodzidziswa kugara mumusango.