Pen: chii? Sei kushandisa chinyoreso?

Drawing - muitiro wakaoma kunzwisisa pamwe nuances zhinji, izvo zvinoda chaizvo zvokushandisa. Mumwe wavo - mudanga. Chii uye sei anogona kushandiswa, inorondedzerwa pazasi.

Chii?

Pakutanga, shoko iri rine mbiri rinoreva. Wokutanga - a "chinyoreso-wokuisira nokuda kutungamirira." Wechipiri - "chinjika quill, yauchaita kuwana." nyaya yokutanga munyika pavanoteka munhu kumbonyanya kushoma sezvo zviri nyore kuwana zvakanaka kunyora. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi ikozvino chinyoreso - richiswedera chishandiso ingi mitsetse.

Zvichienderana vorudzii sokunge zviri munzira dzakawanda, asi mukuru Murongerwo rakafanana. Kazhinji mubato iri zvakaoma mapurasitiki kana simbi, kuti icho ndee zano. Inogona vakanyarara kana kwete, kuti chakaitwa Kwakashandiswa micheka, asi chero zvakadaro, panofanira kuva zvishoma nati munoiswa mbiri duku pointy ndiro. kuchinja Its zvarinoita pakukora mutsetse, iyo akawana pashure kuzadza pakakoromoka.

nyaya Ezvemutauro

Pen yagadzirwa ari XVIII remakore. Panguva iyoyo akanga ari fanira vanochengeta pakusika mepu yakarurama uye vanodhirowa - richiswedera zviridzwa. Yaiva yepamusoro chishandiso unokubvumira pachena kumisa chifananidzo zvakakodzera.

At pakutanga XX remakore rakanga yekudyidzana hwakavandudzika. Zvakaipira ari mudziyo waiva kuti zvakanga zvakaoma kubata neingi, akazopedzisira nguva dzose, ikatanga uye zvichingodaro. Chaiva kugadzirisa zvinetso izvi akasikwa rapidograph - mudziyo pamwe replaceable cartridges neingi imwe dhayamita.

Zvino chinyoreso ane Photo unogona kuona zvishoma yakakwirira, kwete saka rakakurumbira madenderedzwa ari mufananidzo, asi achiri kukosha kudhirowa, calligraphy, iconography uye dzimwe nzvimbo art.

Forms turusi inonzi "kunyora"

Chii uye ndiani tega izvozvo, isu kare apindura. Zvino vanofanira kunzi pane mhando dzakasiyana zvekushandisa. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• pavanoteka chinyoreso musoro mumwe chete sandara mutsetse panguva;
• Dual chinyoreso maviri wakaiswa misoro maviri akafanana mapoka kupinda;
• krivonozhka - chinyoreso ane chinjwa musoro iyo rinobvumira curved akarongwa mapatani zvinogona kuva miviri;
• tenderera, umo kurekodha musoro chikamu nekambasi mufanidzo nepeni;
• kunogonawo Linear a, banga-zvakadai kana gobvu Matama - mune musoro.

Chinyoreso, riri pazasi mufananidzo - old Chishandiso, ane magadzirirwo hwachinja chete nokuuya rapidograph.

Where kushandisa?

Shandisa chishandiso kuti siyana kwakajeka mabasa. Zvinyore zvikuru kwazvo, sezvo mitsetse dzakajeka imwe ukobvu kunodiwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akawanda. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• kusikwa vanodhirowa Somuenzaniso, kuronga kwezvivako;
• nokuti Chikumbiro papepa topographic mepu;
• mutaro imwe werudzii kudhirowa, pavanoteka Manga (Japanese enyaya);
• mune mifananidzo Somuenzaniso denderedzwa rechiedza vectorization;
• zvakawanda.

Ndokusaka mibvunzo pamusoro ichi mudziyo sezvo chinyoreso - chii uye kuishandisa - zvakakosha kuti ounyanzvi hwokugadzira zhinji, kubva vavaki uye creators pakati enyambo nemagumo.

mashoko vanoshandisa

Ndichitarisa rezvipfuwo, chii, unogona kunzwisisa zviri nani. Maererano ayo marongerwo uye unhu, pane dzimwe nuances kushandiswa kwayo, izvo zvinokosha vose mufanidzo nezvimwe kwakajeka mabasa.

Chokutanga, huchashandiswa inofanira kuchengetwa sezvo kururamiswa. Izvi zvinoitwa kuti kumusoro kana pasi hakuna kuumbwa wakaputsika mutsetse. Kana iwe kuteura chokushandisa zvakawanda nenzira imwe kwamahwendefa kubata pepa rinomira kuti achitungamirira vasingadiwi migumisiro. Kunyanya nezvezvitadzo mufananidzo mudanga pamwe chinjwa musoro - anofanira kufamba zvakasimba perpendicular kune kuswedera mapepa, kana uchifamba zvikamu havagoni kazhinji "enda" uri kupiwa munyonga.

Chechipiri, kudiwa kushandisa zvinobudirira unyanzvi. Kuti abate achirurama mutsetse kuti ingi asingadi podtekli mutongi kana asipo anodzima uye kufanira mafungu kubvira pakutanga nguva kwakaoma zvisingaiti. Drafts vanofanira kudzidziswa uye kuisa, uye chete ipapo anozodzidza chepakutanga.

Chechitatu, gobvu mitsetse vanokweverwa zvikuru kuoma. Vakaperekedza akashambidzika wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose mitsetse miviri maererano okumusoro Muganhu rakafara bhendi, ipapo pakati izere neingi uchishandisa mumakwenzi kana zvimwe Chishandiso zvakafanana.

Panyaya iyi, yakawanda pane zvakaitika, zvikuru nemachira zvinofadza uye vakatendeka vachange richiswedera.

fillers

Dururirai kure pakati mahwendefa muchirugu kungava fillers siyana. The pamutemo Nhamba, zvikaonekwa nezvakaitika uye vaenzi. vamwe ukobvu vari vakawana kana mutsetse haasi zvakanaka kugadzirira sezvamunoita.

Kazhinji, naamio ichi sezvinodiwa mu drafting zvakajeka matema mitsetse. Ishoma kushandiswa kuswedera rezvipfuwo ruvara kupenda kunoda kudira pendi. Zvakakosha chaizvo kuti kuchengeta kwemashoko murwiyo, zvokuti haana kupararira huchashandiswa, urege kuwa pasi mutsetse uye havana Anotadzira rokupedzisira mugumisiro. The neizvi mamiriro zvinobvira, apo, nokuda zvakare gobvu filler mutsetse hakushandi zvachose, nokuti hachizoswederi wopedza papepa.

Care of turusi

For zvinobudirira mufanidzo chokushandisa kunokosha kuti tirambe hurongwa hwakakwana. Kuti vaite izvi, mushure nomumwe kushandiswa, vachinyatsoongorora kuchenesa mudanga, uye kuti vaite chokudzivirira basa:

• Geza nesipo nemvura, ipapo doro;
• mahwendefa kunge akafanana pakureba;
• ukobvu dzavo vanofanira kuva zvakafanana uye kuva zvakakwana mutete, inenge bvudzi, ari mudziyo inogona Vakarodza chete kunze;
• kushandisa chromium oxide rodzai wokunze uye kati vanyatsohuongorora, uye ipapo kubata zvinyoronyoro mucheto anorodzerwa.

Kugara Nokuraramisa kuchabatsira kuti somugumisiro zvechokwadi yakanaka. Asati kushanda bhuku yakachena inokurudzirwa kuita vaviri yokuedzwa miganhu chinyorwa pepa nechokwadi zvakarurama mutsetse parameters.

Chinyoreso - mudziyo wokucheresa uye kupenda. Akabvunza chinhu zvesayenzi uye unyanzvi, izvo, kana zvakanaka hwakakwana chikumbiro vachakupai yepamusoro zvabuda.