Basa re medulla oblongata uye zvimwe zvikamu zvehupfungwa rhomboid

Nenzira, mukuongorora kwemaatomy mumasunivhesiti asiri ezvokurapa, mubvunzo pamusoro pehindbrain inopindurwa nepamusoro pezvikanganiso zvezvikanganiso. Sei izvi zvichiitika? Ichokwadi ndechokuti zita iri isangano rezvikamu zvakasiyana. Mune imwe nguva, uropi inonzi chiratidzo che rhomboid, mune yechipiri - maumbwa maduku, ane zita rehindbrain rakakodzera (rinosanganisira bhiriji uye cerebellum). Kuvhiringidza kuumbwa kwekutanga nechipiri hakubviri, nokuti wechipiri chikamu chekutanga.

Uropihu hunonzi rhomboid ndiyo yakagadzirwa kare kare, inowanikwa kunyange mumhuka dzakaputika. Mune vanhu, inoita mabasa anoshanda nyore kupfuura zvinoputika, nokuti zvinowanzoita mabasa anotora maitiro matsva - pakati uye forebrain. Zvisinei, kana iwe uchiverenga pamusoro pehutbrain, haunoneta nekushamisika kuti mhuka dzose dziri pedyo sei uye iwe unogutsikana kuti hupenyu huse hunovakwa maererano nechirongwa chimwe chete, chete mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana ndeyezvinhu zvakasiyana siyana zvakaoma.

Mabasa ehindbrain mupfungwa yakazara (tinoyeuka kuti munyaya iyi, "posterior" inonyanya kufanana ne "rhomboid") yakasiyana kwazvo, inosanganisira mabasa e medulla oblongata, bridge uye cerebellum. Izvo zvinonzwisisika kutanga nhaurirano nenhau pamusoro pe medulla oblongata, nokuti chikamu ichi chakanyatsobatana nemutsipa wepelinha uye chisina kujairika chekare.

Saka, mabasa e medulla oblongata yakazara anogona kugoverwa mumapoka maviri. Chokutanga, zvivakwa zvaro zvinotungamira kubva kune "vamiririri" uye kubva kuuropi yakanyanya kupfuura refu, kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakasimba. Zvisinei, kune yechipiri kirasi yemabasa - chaiwo basa re medulla oblongata, rine mabasa ayo, ayo nzvimbo kunze kwehuropi hwakaumbwa nemarimondi hahudziviriri zvakanyanya. Iyi dhipatimendi ndiye ane "mutongi" ane mutoro, uyo zvakare haafaniri kushungurudza "mukuru", asi anonzwisisa "kuchinja". Ndezvipi zvinoshandiswa ne medulla oblongata zvisingagoni kuzvidzivirira?

Kutanga, pane zvinogamuchirwa zvezvakagadzirwa ne carbon dioxide muropa, zvinoita kuti tirege kufema kushaya oksijeni, asi kuwandisa carbon dioxide. Nokudaro, kana munhu achizvikumbirira kufema kwekanguva, carbon dioxide inodarika zvinopfuura nguva, uye kufema kunodziviswa. Pashure pacho, munhu anonzwa kushaya oxygen. Yeuka manzwiro ako kana chiremba achikumbira kufema zvikuru-vanhu vakawanda mushure meizvozvo vane chirwere cheshuga nekuda kwekuti carbon dioxide yakawanda yakaenda uye kufema haisi kukurudzirwa. Uropi hwekudzivirira hunoita kuti inhalation uye kuputika, kunyange iine "muduku" wechidiki - bhiriji rinotarisa rwiyo rwekupema.

Chechipiri, mabasa e medulla oblongata anosanganisira kudzora mwoyo. Iyi yepakati inogamuchira mafungiro kubva kumarudzi maviri ehurumende. Ruremekedzo rwayo runokonzerwa nekugadzirisa maitiro mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa, uye kunetseka kwekuzorora nekudzoka. Zvakajeka kuti ivo vose vanotonga basa remwoyo, kukurumidza kana kuderedza rwiyo. A medulla oblongata anobatsira kurongedza basa ravo. Zvisinei, "kubva kumusoro" inogona kuuya kwaari kubva munzvimbo dzepfungwa dzehuropi - dzimba dzepasi, uye ipapo moyo wepamusoro unowanzoonekwa kakawanda.

Chechitatu, kune nzvimbo yevasomotor, inobatanidzwa mukudzvinyirira. Iyi chikamu chinoshingaira chinopindirana nemamwe mativi europi, somuenzaniso, ne hypothalamus, asi mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai medulla inopera pasina.

Chechina, medulla oblongata inoshushikana nezvatisingazivi. Congenital reflexes, ndiko kuti, kukwezva, kurutsa, kunyaidzira, kumedza.

Ngatidzokere kune dzimwe nhengo dzehutori rhomboid uye titaure pamusoro pechirwere chakanaka. Chikamu chayo - bhiriji - inounza shanduko kubva pakufuridzirwa kuenda kubuda uye pamwe chete. Inogadzirisawo nzvimbo dzezvikwata zviviri zvezvipembenene zvakanyanya. Izvo zvinoshandiswa ne cerebellum inobatanidza kufamba uye motokari yekuyeuka (pamwe chete nepamusoro).

Sezvatinoona, hutano hwe rhomboid hunoita mabasa anokosha europi, ndiko kuti, zvakakosha kuti upone mashure ose. Nokudaro, uropi hunova pangozi yekuvhiringidza kunzvimbo idzi.