Vactrain: kushanda musimboti, bvunzo. ramangwana chitima

Masayendisiti refu akagumisa kuti kuwedzera kumhanya kufamba upi motokari kunofanira zvinobvira kudzvinyirira nezvaizoitwa kukweshera. Maererano nenheyo iyi vari kubhururuka musere musere kuti pasina kurwisa ezvinhu anogona kufamba mune nzvimbo kwenguva yakareba. chinhu ichi ndiyo hwaro chacho, rinozivikanwa "vactrain ramangwana."

The uchitsanya chitima

The soro budiriro masayendisiti mumunda mukuru-nokukurumidza pasi kufamba, sezvo iri nhasi vaiona rinobva levitation. Magnetic levitation nezvitima vakaedzwa kuJapan, England uye Germany kare manonwe remakore rapfuura. Pari, kwakadai chokufambisa iri vakabudirira wakashanda akawanda anoti. Muchiitiko chino, kuburikidza kurerutsa mvongamupopoto inopiwa pakukurumidza mukati 500 km / h. Uyezve, vakadaro hunde iri mari zvikuru, zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza kuchena uye vakaderera ruzha. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kuwedzera nokukurumidza kufamba rinobatanidza kuwedzera zvuva. Masayendisiti vabayire yakafanana nzira kuumba munhu Vacuum chitima. Its tichishanda musimboti ndechokuti njanji zvinofanira kuitika mukati ane anobviswa chubhu, saka kuti zvose masimba nemishonga havachafaniri.

The kwaita pfungwa Vacuum zvifambiso

Pfungwa yekuvaka transatlantic gruzoprovoda pakukurukura nhumbi kubva Europe kusvikira America uye shure kokutanga akazviratidza muna US kare sixties remakore rapfuura. Sezvo aronga, kuti ivakwe penyanza panguva kudzika hafu kiromita chubhu, mukati iro chigaro kuti chinozoiswa yakafanira Formulations kutamira rinobva levitation. Chete muna 1999 American injiniya Deriel Oster akakwanisa kuwana bvumidzwa nokuda Vacuum Mapaipi Michina chokufambisa kuti akapa kurudziro itsva kukura kwavo.

Oster purojekiti

Sezvo aronga Oster, penzira anofanira kuva maviri zvemuchadenga nyere (nokuti kufamba mu wakatarisana mirayiridzo), kuti dhayamita nerimwe riri masendimita 150. Vanzveri kuti mukati capsules zvichaita Vaiisa senga maglev. dhayamita yavo ichava 130 cm kureba -. 490 masendimita karavhani anogona panguva kufamba vanhu mitanhatu mutoro yairema kusvika 370 makirogiramu.

Engine Vacuum Oster chitima panofanira chinonyanya (vakapakata windings inocherechedza chubhu) uye yechipiri (pacharo Kamudzira muviri mumwe ferromagnetic chiwanikwa) zvinhu. Shoma Clearance pakati pavo anobvumira kushandiswa munhu Linear induction injini. In turera vanofanira kuisa chete electrodynamic kuturika kuti rinobva levitation, mhepo patsva hurongwa, zvigaro uye vakasiyana mabhatiri zvakagadzirirwa chaivo mahwindo uye TVs. Sezvo kwebasa Kamudzira kuchaitika kushanda pasina nemishonga, chikamu chikuru simba kushandiswa kumhanyisa inogona kudzokera panguva braking. Home snag zimukadzimu chinhu chaicho chirongwa ichi iri ndechokuti chitima ari Vacuum chubhu anofanira zvinokambaira munhu zvakakwana yakarurama mutsetse. Zvikasadaro, kuti electromagnets kunge nekure Centrifugal simba kana cornering.

purojekiti Swiss

Zvakafanana mainjiniya kubva Switzerland akatanga kukura kare muna 1974. chirongwa chavo akasvika pakuzivikanwa se Swissmetro. Sezvo aronga, capsules rinobva levitation vakanga dzinovangira pamwero anosvika 500 km / h. Swiss ramangwana vactrain akagadzirirwa nechinangwa kubatanidza maguta makuru ehurumende (Bern, Zurich, Geneva, wekuLausanne uye muBasel). Panyaya iyi, chawakaronga kushandiswa nenyere dhayamita pakati 180 masendimita uye masere-ngoro kuti mutakurwi senga. To musi, zvakaoma kutonga vamwe maitiro, nokuti chirongwa haina kwakashanda pakupedzisira. Muna 2009, hurumende akasiya pfungwa.

Chirungu chitima ramangwana

British mainjiniya muna 2002, akadzokera chirongwa kusika Vacuum chitima. zvirongwa zvavo inongova huru, nokuti vanotanga kuda kusika nomumbure kuti ichatsiva njanji uye mugwagwa zvifambiso. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira kuvaka dandemutande pamusoro senyere munyika. Saka capsules zvakagadzirirwa vaifanira kutakura mbiri riri supine chinzvimbo. Kusiyana yapfuura zvirongwa achiumburuka pamusoro njanji atama panguva aimhanya anosvika 420 km / h. Zvayaiva pamusoro Marori Motors achapiwa dzinofambiswa pedyo njanji wechitatu. Huru drawback, ine Chirungu vactrain, maererano Developers, inobatanidzwa yakakwirira nesimba norukosoro pa mutakurwi, zvichienzaniswa yapfuura zvirongwa. Ukuwo, ayo chikuru anobatsirwei vade yakaderera mari kuvaka zvifambiso Network.

purojekiti Hyperloop

All anotarira vaizotibata ramangwana nechitima chirongwa inonzi Hyperloop. Pfungwa yacho zvisikwa 2012, kwave akapa American billionaire Elon musk. Pakutanga, basa akanzi rechishanu kwadzinoita chokufambisa, asi mimwe kurukurirano paterevhizheni haisi asvika. Kamwe yakava aiziva nehurumende zvirongwa kuvaka mukuru-nokukurumidza njanji mutsetse pakati Los Angeles uye San Francisco, muzvinabhizimisi akanonga Implementation vayo pfungwa. Hyperloop chirongwa anomirira pasi mutsetse, sezvamakaropafadzwa Vacuum chitima anogona kufamba ari kumhanya kubva 400 kusvika 1220 km / h. Muna August 2013 pfungwa yakanga pamutemo akapa kuruzhinji iri mharidzo 58 mapeji.

musimboti oparesheni

The chikuru Pfungwa chacho ndechokuti Hyperloop kunonyanyisa cheapness rakasikwa munhu chokufambisa richikurukura pombi uye zvakare udzvanyiriri. Panyaya iyi, ayo hwaro akarara mumuitiro sezvo Vacuum chitima. MuUnited States, maererano muvambi akati, kudiwa kuvaka richikurukura namahwindo dzakafanana nzira kuti zvichaita batanidza kusvika pakuguma pfungwa nenzira. Kuti vagadzire Vacuum mairi uye kuhuchengeta zvakakwana mapaipi simbi 25 mm mu ukobvu uye pasi tichikwanisa pombi. Inside pavo Elon musk anoda kumhanya Kamudzira 30 mamita refu. Wokutanga muzvinabhizimisi anoda interconnect San Francisco uye Los Angeles.

Maererano yokuvaka, kusika munhu Vacuum akakwana muna pombi vanotadza. Maererano neizvi mhepo gobvu zvichaparadzwa akakunda pasi pasi anokungurutsa ndiri kuburikidza unokosha kamwene nouta hwake. Izvi achasika munhu pamutsago mhepo uye tichengetedze mari yakawanda inodiwa kuti Implementation yacho electromagnet. Kuti recharge injini, nokuda iyo Kamudzira achadzingwa ose 110? Km pauriri nenyere achapiwa iiswe aruminiyamu njanji 15 mamita refu.

Variants Gadziriro oparesheni

The mharidzo anoongorora mufambi uye mutakurwi-nhumbi shanduro hurongwa. Muchiitiko chokutanga riri aronga kuvaka nyere dhayamita pamusoro 2.23 m. Vactrain mukati Dzinogara anogona panguva imwe rwendo kutakura vanhu 28. Kusarudza yechipiri inosanganisira kushandiswa nenyere dhayamita ndiyo 3,3 m. In iyi, unogona zvakare zvifambiswe pamusoro motokari nhatu neimwe Kamudzira. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chirongwa Elon musk chitima kusimuka vachava hafu miniti ose.

Economic kunyatsoshanda uye kutongwa

Hyperloop chirongwa anganzi chaizvo. Developers kuronga zvakazara kugutsa zvavanoda tichiregeredza rezuva uye mhepo simba. yemuraudzo Its yose vanoronga kuti atengese, zvikaita payo inenge $ 25 miriyoni gore negore. Maererano Elon musk, mutengo kufamba mune rimwe divi anofanira achava anenge 20 emadhora. Panyaya iyi, basa racho vacharipa muna makore makumi maviri.

Miedzo zviri Vacuum chitima chokutanga kwakaitika May 2016. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, pakaitwa bvunzo nzvimbo yakavakwa murenje pedyo Las Vegas. Trolley kushandisa electromagnets kutanga wakakurumidza kuti azvipire 180 km / h, ipapo zvishoma nezvishoma vakarega.

chengetedzo

Developers vakaitei kuchengeteka vanyatsohuongorora. capsules sangano hakumbokanganisi kunyaradzwa vatakurwi. Anonzwa ayo kumhanyisa haangavi akasiyana run pamusoro ndege isati zvinokubatai-kure, uye ipapo - kunyarara papfungwa uye hapana mhirizhonga. Elon musk anoti Vacuum chitima havagoni pakuedza kana kuwa kubva kumusoro, saka zvinofanira kukurukurwa somumwe ari zvikuru modes yokufambisa. Kana simba cheka vari Kamudzira yakapiwa mabhatiri, simba riri zvinokwana vanhu nechouviri kwemaminitsi 45, mune mamwe mashoko - kubhururuka nzira. Pashure pezvose, vanhu vakawanda chaizvo vari kufamba mundege, pasinei nokuti nzira yokupukunyuka kana nenjodzi ivo zvikuru nemibvunzo.

kupera

Kutanga Vacuum chitima, hapana mubvunzo, chinoda chihombe mari. Uyezve, unofanira kusarudza iri kure waishandiswa dambudziko usati pakutevedzera chirongwa. Zvisinei, munguva yedu, tichifunga kuramba kukura zvigadzirwa, kugona kuzadzisa zano iri anotarisa kudaro kujeka somunhu emakore mashoma apfuura. Panyaya iyi, hazvishamisi kuti munguva pfupi kuti kutakurwa vatakurwi uye nenhumbi nezvitima richashandiswa, zviri dzichimhanya kupfuura ano supersonic ndege.