Armenia Ancient kare, mazuva, Culture

History of Ancient Armenia ane anopfuura chiuru chimwe makore uye vokuArmenia vakararama kare pamberi pemarudzi Europe ano. Zvakavapo kusati kwatombova marudzi ekare - vaRoma nevaGiriki.

Wokutanga kutaurwa

zvakafanana zita "Arminius" iri vatongi zvecuneiform Persian. Herodotus anotaura so "Armenia" muzvinyorwa ake. Maererano neimwe shanduro, yakanga vanhu ane Indo-European yakatama kubva Europe kusvika XII remakore. BC. e.

Imwe pfungwa inoti kuti praarmyanskie dzemadzinza kubatana akasimuka kokutanga ari Armenian penyika kuti 4-3 mumireniyamu BC Pavanondirwisa, maererano mamwe masayendisiti, zvinowanikwa nhetembo "The rinonzi Iliad" by Homer anonzi "Arima".

Mumwe mazita ekare Armenian - Hi, - pamusoro vaitaura masayendisiti, kunobva "Hayasa" zita vanhu. Zita iri rinotaurwa pamusoro ivhu muHiti mabwendefa II chemakore BC. E panguva matongo Zvakafukunurwa Hattushash -. yekare muHiti guru.

Pane uchapupu hwokuti vaAsiriya rinonzi munyika ino nharaunda nzizi - Nairi. Maererano neimwe pfungwa, izvozvo zvaisanganisira marudzi 60 zvakasiyana.

At pakutanga IX. BC. e. paiva umambo nesimba Urartu pamwe Van guru. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ichi chekare mamiriro munharaunda Soviet Union. Urartu budiriro, vane vatsivi vaiva vokuArmenia, chaiva akwegura. Paiva mutauro wakanyorwa inobva hweBhabhironi-muAsiria ecuneiform, kurima, mombe maberekero uye simbi.

Urartu rakanga rakakurumbira nokuda kuvaka haripindiki nhare zvigadzirwa. On muganhu Yerevan ano paiva vaviri. First - Erebuni, yakavakwa nomumwe wemadzimambo wekutanga Argishti. Zvakanga iye akapa zita kuti ano guru Armenia. Chechipiri - Teishebaini yakavakirwa mambo Rusa II (685-645 BCE ...). Rakanga yokupedzisira pravitelel Urartu. The vaisagona kukunda Asiria simba uye vose vakafa kubva mumaoko ake.

It kuchatsiviwa itsva mamiriro. Madzimambo rokutanga Armenia yekare - Tigran Eruand. Ekupedzisira hakufaniri kuvhiringidzwa yakakurumbira mutongi Tigran Mukuru, uyo gare gare kuti kuzunungusa Roman Empire nokusika roumambo kukuru kuMabvazuva. Pane rudzi rutsva, aumba somugumisiro kuitwa nokuda Indo-vokuEurope yeko madzinza yekare Hayami uye Urartu. Nokudaro itsva hurumende yacho - Ancient Armenia netsika dzayo, mutauro.

vatongi vari pasi wePezhia

Panguva iyoyo, Persia aiva simba mamiriro. Vanhu vose vaigara Asia Minor, vakateerera. mugumo uyu zvakawira pasi Armenian umambo. Kutonga Persian pamusoro pavo kwakatora anopfuura maviri emakore (550-330 gg. BC. E.).

Greek kare pamusoro Armenian yaitonga nevaPezhiya

Armenia - imwe ekare. Izvi kunosimbiswazve nemashoko akawanda kare kare, somuenzaniso, muna Xenophontos V muna BC. e. Sevatori vechikamu mumamiriro zviitiko muvambi "Anabasis" akatsanangura shure kwezvinhu 10,000 vaGiriki kuGungwa Black kuburikidza nyika, unonzi Ancient Armenia. VaGiriki akaona kukura kwoupfumi mabasa, uyewo upenyu vokuArmenia. Ndivo kwose kwose munharaunda ino gorosi, bhari, zvinonhuwirira waini, mafuta, siyana anonhuwirira - pistachio, sesame, omuarumondi. VaGiriki vekare vakaona pano akaomeswa, bhinzi. Kuwedzera zvibereko chirimwa kukura, asi vokuArmenia akatunhidzwa mhuka: mbudzi, mombe, nguruve, huku uye mabhiza. Xenophon izvi akati vazukuru vanhu vaigara munzvimbo iyi, akanga mune mazwi zvoupfumi. The nezvibereko zvizhinji zvakasiyana zvinoshamisa. VokuArmenia kwete chete zvokudya zvavo, asi kushanda kutengeserana dzakapoteredza. Chokwadi, inenge kuti Xenophon haana kutaura chinhu, asi iye dzakanyorwa zvimwe zvinogadzirwa kuti murege kukura munharaunda.

Strabo mu I. n. e. Inoshuma kuti Armenia yekare aiva mafuro akanaka kwazvo nokuda namabhiza. The nyika haisi muduku Media panyaya iyi uye mabhiza akapa gore negore kusvikira nevaPezhiya. Strabo anotaura chamakarairwa Armenian machinda, magavhuna administrative paitonga nevaPezhiya, mutoro kusunungura pashure yakakurumbira mutambo Mithras zvuru zviviri duku nemadhongwana.

hondo Armenian munguva dzekare

Munyori Gerodot (V BC.) Anorondedzerwa Masoja Armenian iyoyo, maoko avo. Masoja vaipfeka nhovo diki, aiva pfupi mapfumo, minondo, mapfumo. On misoro yavo - nembariro nengowani, vakanga shangu pamatunhu majombo.

The kukunda Armenia Aleksandrom Makedonskim

Nguva Aleksandra Makedonskogo redrew mepu yose muAsia Minor uye reMediterranean. All nyika chihombe Persian umambo yakava chikamu chitsva sangano enyika pasi pesimba Macedonia.

Pakafa Aleksandra Velikogo ehurumende unoora. Kumabvazuva aumba vekwaSeleucus mamiriro. Kana ndima chete imwe chete rudzi yakakamurwa kuva nhatu vakaparadzana nzvimbo munyika itsva nyika: Great Armenia, iri Ararat mubani, Sophene - pakati rwaYufratesi rokumusoro nzira rwaTigrisi uye Zvikanganiso Armenia - pakati rwaYufratesi uye yokumusoro nzira Lycos.

Nhoroondo Armenia yekare, kunyange kutaura zvachose kuvimba dzimwe nyika, zvisinei, inoratidza kuti chokuita chete nyaya wokumwe mutemo, izvo aiva rinobatsira kwakabatsira kukura yemberi mamiriro. Yaiva mhando kumumvuri ane zvionera zvokuvhoterwa mukati zvinotevedzana umambo.

vatongi Armenian anowanzonzi Basileus, kureva madzimambo. Vakaramba chete chakarongwa ukama, kutumira Nhongonya mutero uye nehondo munguva yehondo. kuedza Chero dawo kupinda womukati maumbirwo vokuArmenia havana kutora kana navaPeresia, kana Hellenistic vekwaSeleucus mamiriro. Kana nzira yokutanga kudzora zvinenge zvose zvayo kumaruwa, kuti vatsivi vavaGiriki kuchinja nguva dzose dzomunyika nzira vakakunda vanhu, vanovamanikidza "tsika democratic" uye rinokosha muitiro.

Pokuwa hwekwaSeleucus mamiriro, kubatana pakati Armenia

Pashure pokukundwa hwekwaSeleucus Rome vokuArmenia vakagamuchira kwenguva rusununguko. Roma haana kugadzirira pashure pehondo pamwe vaGiriki vanotanga itsva nebudiriro vanhu. Izvi akatora mukana kamwe vakabatana rudzi. Vakaedza kudzorera vasina kuroora, yainzi "Armenia yekare."

Ishe Great Armenia Artashes akazviti yakazvimirira mambo Artashes I. unobatanidzwa nyika yose, uyo akataura mutauro iwoyo, kusanganisira Little Armenia. Sophene nzvimbo Last vakava nhengo itsva wehurumende, pashure pemakore 70, mutongi akakurumbira pakati Tigran Guru.

Kwokupedzisira inotungamirwa Armenian

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pasi idzva Artashesids youmambo uye kukava kukuru chiitiko - paumbwe Armenian rupi pamwe warwo mutauro netsika. A simba guru pamusoro pavo ndiko napedyo kuna yechiGiriki dzakabudirira marudzi. Dzava kugadzira pachako mari dzayo Greek akanyorwa kunoratidza zvakasimba tsika vavakidzani vayo uye kutengeserana.

Artashat - guta guru rekare mamiriro Armenia Great

Paitonga imba youmambo Artashesids kuonekwa guta guru rokutanga. Pakati pavo - guta Artashat, raiva guta guru idzva mamiriro wokutanga. MuchiGiriki zvaireva "mufaro Artaxias".

Guta guru idzva aiva yakanaka nenzvimbo nzvimbo panguva iyoyo. Raiva pamusoro huru inoenda kuGungwa Black zvengarava. The paaizooneka muguta rakaenderana pakagadzwa nepanyika dzaishandiswa Links Asia kuIndia uye China. Artashat akatanga kuwana mamiriro huru yezvokutengeserana uye enyika pakati. Plutarch zvikuru anoonga basa muguta. Iye akamupa mamiriro "Armenian muCarthage", izvo zvinoreva guta kushandurirwa mumutauro ano, uko kunobatanidza yose yakapoteredza nyika. On nokunaka uye rwokuramba Artashat kuziva zvose masimba Mediterranean.

Pavapenyu of Armenian Kingdom

Nhoroondo Armenian kubvira makarekare rine pfungwa huru nesimba mamiriro. Golden Age vakapoteredza nguva rokutonga Tigrana Velikogo (makore 95-55.) - muzukuru muvambi yakakurumbira youmambo pamusoro Artashes I. vehurumende yakava guta Tigranakert. guta rino wava mumwe kutungamirira nzvimbo nesayenzi, mabhuku uye nounyanzvi ose Ancient World. Top Greek mutambi akaita omunzvimbo yemitambo, akakurumbira vasayendisiti uye vanyori vakanga kakawanda vakokwa Tigrana Velikogo. Mumwe wavo - Metrodorus muzivi, uyo aiva wepachokwadi anokumhan'arira ane richikura Roman Empire.

Armenia yakava rutivi Hellenistic nyika. Mutauro wechiGiriki hwapinda mukati revatongi vepamusoro.

Armenia - rakasiyana chikamu wetsika dzechiGiriki

Armenia I muna BC. e. - Kugadzirwa yemhando nyika munyika. Iye akatora zvose zvakanga zvakanakisisa munyika - tsika, sainzi, unyanzvi. Tigran Veliky yakatanga dzemitambo, zvikoro. Armenia haana chete muzinda wetsika echiGiriki asiwo nesimba zvoupfumi mashoko neHurumende. Kukura zvokutengeserana, bhizimisi, ounyanzvi. A pachena chinoratidza ehurumende ndechokuti haina kutora uranda hurongwa kuti akashandisa vaGiriki uye vaRoma. Nyika yose aiitirwa murimi mudiki nemunharaunda, ane nhengo vakasununguka.

Tigran Guru chakatasanurwa pamusoro mundima huru. Chaiva umambo rakafukidza chikamu chikuru Asia Minor kubva reCaspian kusvika kuMediterranean Seas. vatongi vari pasi yake kuita zvakawanda marudzi uye rinoti kuchamhembe - Tsibanev, Iberia, kumaodzanyemba-mabvazuva - kuPatiya uye ndudzi dzechiArabhu.

Kukunda Rome, kuguma Armenian Empire

Rise of Armenia rakaenderana kuwedzera mumwe kumabvazuva mamiriro pamusoro munharaunda yaimbova USSR - Ponta rinotungamirirwa Mithridates. Pakapera hondo refu neRoma Pont uyewo varasikirwa rusununguko. Armenia yaiva yakanaka vavakidzani ukama Mithridates. Pashure kukundwa ake, akasiya mumwe musi mumwe chete Rome simba.

Pakapera hondo mirefu yakabatana Armenian umambo mumakore 69-66. BC. e. Zvaparara. By Tigran simba akaramba chete Armenia Great, rave akadaro "shamwari uye mutsigiri" wokuRoma. Saka isu akadana vose akakunda mamiriro. Kutaura zvazviri, nyika rwauya mumba mumwe province.

Mushure vachipinda Roman Empire anotanga antiikki padanho statehood. The nyika Zvaparara, ayo nyika kunoshanda neimwe hurumende, uye vanhu veko vanongogara zvaipesana mumwe.

Armenian arufabheti

Munguva dzekare, vokuArmenia akashandisa zvakanyorwa pachishandiswa hweBhabhironi-muAsiria ecuneiform. Ichatonga zvine mbiri Armenia, panguva Tigrana Velikogo, nyika iri kuchinjwa kuti mutauro mumabhizimisi turnover Greek zvachose. Pamari dzesimbi Greek vematongo vanowana kunyora.

The arufabheti Armenian akasikwa Mesrop Mashtots tichishandisa vanonoka - muna 405. Pakutanga, hwakanga 36 letters: 7 mavhawero uye 29 nemavara.

Key 4 Graphics vanoumba tsamba Armenian - erkatagir, bolorgir, shhagir uye notrgir - kutanga chete kuMiddle Ages.