Zvisikwa zvemhuka - zvinoita sei?

Pamaviri acho ndiwo mhuka dzezvipenyu nemiriwo pasi. Izvo zvakasiyana, uye marudzi ose emhando inozadzisa mabasa ayo.

Ndezvipi zvingaitwa?

Chikamu chiduku chiduku chemuviri isero. Pakati peizvi, uye inoshandiswa nemhando dzose dzemhando - zvose zvirimwa uye mhuka.

Chimiro chesero

Iyi sarudzo inogona kuvapo sehupenyu hwakasiyana. Rimwe sero rinosanganisira zvisikwa zvakadai sebhakitiriya uye protozoa eukaryotes. Ichi chikamu chechimiro chipenyu chinosanganisira zvikamu zvakadai: membrane ye plasma, cytoplasm inomiririrwa ne colloidal solution, nucleus and organelles - zvivako zvekugara, imwe neimwe inoshandisa mamwe mabasa. Muchitarisiko chemhuka chemhuka pane dzakadaro organelles: cell cell, ribosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, chivako cheGoggi uye endoplasmic reticulum. Masero ezvipembenene akasiyana kubva kwavari pakuti ane zvinotapira (pakutanga paanoverengeka, uye sezvavanokera masero ayo anowirirana mune imwe yepakati imwe), uyewo plastids: chromoplasts, leukoplasts uye chloroplasts.

Pamuviri weplasmatic yekamuri yemhuka inosanganisira zvikamu zvitatu: mapuroteni maviri uye lipidhi pakati pavo. Iko shell, pamwe nayo, yakakombwa ne glycocalysis, inosanganisira polysaccharides, glycolipids, glycoprotein. Organelles vanoita mabasa akadai se: cell centre - kugoverwa kwekromosomes mu fission, ribosomes - synthesis yeprotein, lysosomes - cleavage yezvinhu nemishonga enzymes, mitochondria - magetsi, gorogi rakaoma - kuunganidza uye kushandiswa kwemamwe zvinhu, endoplasmic reticulum - kutakura kwemakemikari. Chiyero cheimwe nhengo dziri muchitokisi chinoenderana nemhando ipi yemaviri inopinda.

Maitiro emhuka mhuka

Zvisikwa zvemhuka zvine masero akabatanidzwa ne-intercellular substance. Zvichienderana nechinangwa chechigadziro, chinogona kuva nehuwandu hwakasiyana, huri mune zvishoma kana zvishoma. Zvipfeko mumhuka zviripo kune zvinotevera:

• Connecting;
• Epithelial;
• Nervous;
• Muscular.

Connective tissues

Idzo dzakadaro: dzakaoma uye dzakasununguka fibrous, cartilaginous, bone, ropa uye lymph, mafuta, reticular tissue. Vose zvavo vakabatana nokuvapo kwemazana akawanda e-intercellular substance. Denga rakasvibirira rinosanganisira zvipembenene, zvisingasviki zvakagadzirwa-kubva pamamorphous mass. Bhuna rine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvakasimbiswa, zvinosanganisira inorganic chemical compounds. Izvo zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinyorwa zvinokonzera mhuka zvinokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasikwa. Zvisikwa zvemavara zvinosanganisira masero emasero, ayo masero eropa anoumbwa. Kuumbwa kweropa uye lymph ndiyo yakawanda yemvura. Chimiro chemhuka yemhuka yemhando iyi chinosanganisira masero chaiwo, anonziwo ropa corpuscles. Mitemo yavo:

• Erythrocytes;
• Leukocytes;
• Thrombocytes.

Mumwe nomumwe wavo anoita mabasa ayo. Erythrocytes inowanikwa nenzira yezvirongwa zvakasimba zvine hemoglobin. Ivo ndivo vane basa rekutakura okisijeni kuburikidza nemuviri. Leukocytes inoita muviri wechirwere. Platelets ane basa rekuvhara ropa kana pane dambudziko reganda.

Epithelial tissue yemhuka

Epithelium yakakamurwa muzvidimbu zvakasiyana:

• Flat;
• Cubic;
• Cylindrical;
• Ciliated;
• Sensory;
• Glandular.

Iyo epithelium yakazara inomiririrwa nemasero akadzikamwa, ane chimiro chema polygoni. Iyi nyuchi inowanikwa mumugwagwa weeophagus nemuromo. Cubic epithelial tissue yemhuka inokonzera tubules yeitsvo, cylindrical - mudumbu uye mumatumbo, ciliary - nzira yekufema, inofanirwa - inoputika. Izvo zvinoratidzira ndezvimwe zvezvipembenene. Masero eiyi inobudisa mahomoni, mukaka, nezvimwewo.

Muscular tissues

Izvo zvinopatsanurwa kuva mhando dzakasiyana:

• Striped;
• Smooth;
• Moyo.

Zvisikwa zvemhuka zveMuscular yekutanga ndechimwe chikamu chemisungo ye musculoskeletal system. Kubva pamisungo isina kuchena yemitumbi yechipfuva inoumbwa, somuenzaniso matumbo, dumbu, chibereko, etc. Mwoyo unopesana pakuti michina yawo inopindirana - izvi zvinoita kuti vabvumirane nekukurumidza.

Nyama dzine shungu dzemhuka

Mhando iyi yezvipembenene ine mutsara-se, stellate kana globular masero - neurons, uye intercellular substance - mesoglosses, iyo inopa neurons nemuviri. Neurons inoumba muviri, anxon uye dendrites - appendages, umo masero anosangana. Zvinotarisirwa kuve chiratidzo.