Zvinhu wakachena uye wemisanganiswa ayo. Nzira Kuparadzana wemisanganiswa

Munyaya ino tichakurukura chii yakachena zvinhu uye wemisanganiswa, nzira kuti kupatsanura wemisanganiswa. Muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, pevara dzavo mumwe nomumwe wedu. Uye kana akawanikwa zvakasikwa-ushamwari zvinhu? Uye sei kusiyanisa kubva wemisanganiswa?

zvinhu wakachena uye wemisanganiswa ayo nzira kuti kupatsanura wemisanganiswa ose

Akachena inonzi zvinhu kuti ane tudonhwe chete chaiyo rudzi. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti hunhu hwavo anenge vasiri aripo, sezvo vose vari, kunyange muzvinhu zviduku zvikuru, ane tsvina. Absolutely zvinhu zvose sezvo vari soluble mumvura. Kunyange kana Kunyudzwa mvura Somuenzaniso, imwe yesirivha chindori zvesimbi ions kupinda mhinduro.

A chiratidzo wakachena zvinhu zviri kuramba sezvamunoita uye mumuviri zvivako. In nedanho inotungamirwa yavo kushandurwa simba. Uyezve, unogona zvose kuwedzera uye kudukupiswa. Gurai wakachena fuma kupinda vakaparadzana zvinoriumba chete pachishandiswa makemikari kuita. Somuenzaniso, mvura ine chete distsillirovannaya kwese kuti Kubika ichi zvokunyama uye nechando, kushaya kuravidza uye kunhuwidza. A yaora okisijeni kwayo uye rehydrogen zvinogoneka chete electrolysis.

Uye chii yakasiyana yakachena zvinhu zvakatorwa pamwe chete? Kuti tipindure mubvunzo uyu, tinofanira kuchabatsira kemisitiri. Nzira kuzvitsaura vari zvenyama wemisanganiswa, nokuti handishanduki makemikari anoumba zvinhu. Kusiyana wakachena zvinhu, wemisanganiswa dzinotsauka sezvamunoita uye zvivako, uye vanogona kupatsanurwa panyama nzira.

Chii mix

Mix ndiye iine munhu zvinhu. muenzaniso zvayo yomugungwa. Kusiyana distsillirovannoy, ine shungu kana vava kuravidza, mamota pane imwe yepamusoro, asi yaita chando panguva tembiricha yakaderera. Nzira kuzvitsaura wemisanganiswa ose zvinhu zviri mumuviri. Saka, kubva kugungwa mvura inogona kuwana wakachena munyu nokuda kwemvura kwaizotevera crystallization.

Types wemisanganiswa

Kana iwe wedzera shuga mvura, pashure pechinguva nezvimedu ayo achava kuiparadza uye kuva asingaoneki. Somugumisiro, haagoni kuzivikanwa chinoabatsira. wemisanganiswa yakadaro inonzi homogeneous kana homogeneous. Mienzaniso ayo uyewo mhepo, peturu, muto, mweya, chinonhuwira uye wakawanda mvura, imwe chiwanikwa yemhangura uye aruminiyamu. Sezvaunogona kuona, asi homogeneous musanganiswa anogona kuve dzakasiyana in aggregation, asi rakajairika mvura. Vanewo kunzi mhinduro.

In heterogeneous kana heterogeneous wemisanganiswa kuti inoramba zvinogona kupatsanurwa nomumwe zvinhu. Iron nehuni sawdust, jecha uye munyu zvavo zvemo mienzaniso. Inhomogeneous wemisanganiswa vari kunzi suspensions. Pakati pavo kusiyanisa suspensions uye emulsions. The sezvamunoita zvinosanganisira mvura kwekutanga uye yakasimba. Saka, imwe emulsion musanganiswa mvura uye jecha. Emulsion ndiye akaita mvura maviri densities zvakasiyana.

Pane heterogeneous muvhenganiswa uye nemazita chaiwo. Saka, muenzaniso uri polystyrene furo, uye kune aerosols zvinosanganisira bvungapfunga, utsi, deodorants, mhepo fresheners, antistatics.

Nzira Kuparadzana wemisanganiswa

Zvechokwadi, yeimwe vakawanda zvikuru zvinobetsera ehupfumi pane munhu zvinhu zvakatorwa choga, akabatanidza akafanana yavo. Asi kunyange muupenyu hwezuva nezuva pane mamiriro ezvinhu kana vachida kugoverana. Uye muitiro indasitiri isu inobva kurimwa yose. Somuenzaniso, kubva mafuta somugumisiro kwayo kubudiswa akawana peturu, gasoil, neparafini, mafuta emotokari, muchina mafuta uye solyarovoe, propellants, acetylene uye benzene. Bvumiranai, nani kushandisa zvigadzirwa izvi pane kupisa mafuta kufunga.

Zvino ngationei kana pane chinhu chakadai kwemakemikari nzira kuti kupatsanura wemisanganiswa. Toti, kubva aqueous munyu, tinofanira kuwana yakachena fuma. To muvhenganiswa ichi chinofanira neshungu. Somugumisiro, mvura ichichinja hwemvura, uye munyu akapfupikisa. Asi hazvina kuitika kuchinja zvimwe zvinhu kupinda vamwe. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hwaro izvi mumuviri mananara.

Nzira kuzvitsaura wemisanganiswa kuvimba mamiriro aggregation, kukwanisa solubility musiyano iri kufashaira tembiricha, arambe achirema uye anoumba yenhengo dzayo. Ngatikurukurei chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvi muudzame mienzaniso yakananga.

mupise

Nzira iyi ndiyo akakodzera kuparadzana wemisanganiswa ane mvura mairi, uye insoluble zvakasimba. Somuenzaniso, mvura uye rwizi jecha. muvhenganiswa ichi anofanira ichipfuura firita. Somugumisiro, mvura yakachena achapfuura pachena kuburikidza nayo, uye sejecha achagara.

pakugadzirisa

Vamwe nzira kupatsanura wemisanganiswa kwakavakirwa chiito regiravhiti. Nokudaro musi wakachena zvinhu zvinogona yaora suspensions uye emulsions. Kana rova mafuta muriwo, zvakadai musanganiswa anofanira kutanga zunzai mvura. Zvadaro siya kwekanguva. Somugumisiro, mvura ichava pamusoro pasi mudziyo, uye muchimiro mafuta firimu zvichaita kuifukidza.

Under Murabhoritari mamiriro kuti sedimentation uchishandisa imwe separatory fanera. Somugumisiro huchishanda zvikuru gobvu mvura iri asunungurwa mudziyo, uye chiedza chinoramba.

Kugadzirisa muitiro kunoratidzwa yakaderera chokubuda unodiwa. It inoda imwe nguva kuumba sludge. In maindasitiri ezvinhu, izvi zviri kuitwa zvivako chaiyo inonzi sumps.

chiito magineti

Kana murwiyo chinosanganisira musanganiswa simbi, unogona kuparadzaniswa chete magineti. Somuenzaniso, kuti zviparadzanise simbi namatanda sawdust. Asi kana simbi zvose nhaka ehupfumi zvakadai? Kwete napaduku. Nokuti nzira iyi chete wemisanganiswa akakodzera chine ferromagnets. Kuwedzera nokuaina uye zvinosanganisira nickel, cobalt, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium.

DISTILLATION

Zita iri rakashandurwa kubva muchiLatin rinoreva "huchidonha anodonhedza." DISTILLATION inopa nzira kuti kupatsanura wemisanganiswa pachishandiswa kusiyana kufashaira pfungwa zvinhu. Saka, kunyange pamba inogona kupatsanurwa doro uye mvura. zvinhu rokutanga anotanga sasana panguva tembiricha kuti 78 Celsius. Achitaura hukawanika inotonhora doro vapor dzora, anova mvura.

In indasitiri nzira iyi, mafuta nokunatswa zvigadzirwa, zvinonhuhwirira, yakachena simbi.

Kusimuka kwemvura uye crystallization

Nzira idzi dziri akakodzera kupatsanura wemisanganiswa emura mhinduro. Zvinhu izvo zvinosanganisirei sezvamunoita dzavo, akasiyana Kubika points. Saka, zvinokwanisika here kugamuchira shuga kana munyu crystals kubva mumvura umo vari chikaparara. To ichi mhinduro yakanga nenharo uye Ipwa kuti nomuti mamiriro. Muchiitiko chino, crystals vari chiito. Kana zvakafanira kuti vawane mvura yakachena, zvino inotoda vakauya kuna kubika kwaizotevera condensation pamusoro mhute Cold penyika.

Nzira kuzvitsaura negasi wemisanganiswa

The gaseous muvhenganiswa anosiiwa rabhoritari uye maindasitiri nzira nekuti kwacho kunoda chinokosha michina. The mbishi zvinhu rwokuzvarwa akavamba mhepo, chemubhotoro, jenareta, uye kuyeuka negasi, inova chine Mahydrocarbon.

Nzira Zvokunyama kuzvitsaura wemisanganiswa, zvinotevera zviri gaseous Hurumende:

• Condensation - inofanira nezvishoma kutonhora musanganiswa, umo condensation nhengo dzawo. In ichi pakutanga kupfuura nemvura sostonie mukuru Kubika zvinhu, izvo inounganidzwa mune separators. Saka kuwana kubva chemubhotoro-muchoto gasi, sehydrogen, uye amoniya akanga akaparadzaniswa unreacted chikamu musanganiswa.
• Sorption - ndiye Absorção de Água vamwe zvimwe zvinhu. Izvi ane anoshorana zvinoumba pakati iyo zvakanyatsoenzana yakasimbiswa zviri kuita. zvinoda zvinhu zvakasiyana kuti mberi uye neizvi muitiro. Muchiitiko chokutanga, mubatanidzwa soro dzvinyiriro netembiricha pasi. mutoo akadaro anonzi sorption. In nevakomana nyaya, imwe pakatarisana ezvinhu: pasi kumanikidzwa pa kumusoro tembiricha.
• The Kamudzira kuparadzana - imwe nzira umo vanoshandisa semipermeable partitions pfuma zvokusarudza zvakaitika mamorekuru dzakasiyana zvinhu.
• Reflux - condensation wemisanganiswa mukuru-Kubika migove kubva kutonhora yavo. The tembiricha yokuchinjira kuti mvura mamiriro wacho zvinoriumba vanofanira zvinosiyana zvikuru.

chromatography

Zita nzira iri rinogona kushandurudzwa se "ruvara kunyora". Fungidzira mvura kuti akawedzera ingi. Kana dzichinyikwa musanganiswa kuguma Sefa bepa, izvozvo uchatanga nyura. The mvura nyura nokukurumidza kuti ingi kuti chokuita zvakasiyana-siyana inosiyana sorbed zvinhu. Chromatography haisi chete nzira kupatsanura wemisanganiswa, asiwo nokudzidza ehupfumi kuti zvinhu zvakadai diffusion uye solubility.

Saka, takasangana nounhu hwakadai so "zvinhu wakachena" uye "wemisanganiswa". Rondedzero dziri zvinhu kana yeimwe acho chete tudonhwe imwe mhando. Mienzaniso yavo munyu, shuga, mvura distsillirovannaya. Muvhenganiswa - ibatanidzo nomumwe zvinhu. To kuvaparadzanisa kushandisa anoverengeka nzira. A nzira kuparadzana kunobva ehupfumi ose vomumatunhu yayo chaiko. The zvikuru ndivo zvinosanganisira nyaya, kwemvura, crystallization, filtration, DISTILLATION, chromatography uye magineti chiito.