Fuma wakachena uye nezvakasanganiswa. kemesitiri

In 8th mugwaro vadzidzi vari kudzidza mukufamba kemisitiri wakachena zvinhu uye wemisanganiswa. Nyaya yedu zvichavabatsira kunzwisisa nyaya. We achakuudza zvaunofanira fuma inonzi yakachena, uye chii - wemisanganiswa. Wakambofunga pamusoro mubvunzo: "Pane pfuma zvachose wakachena" Zvichida mhinduro kuchaita kukushamisa.

Sei kudzidza chidzidzo ichi kuchikoro?

Tisati takurukura tsanangudzo "fuma chaiyo", zvinokosha kubata mubvunzo: "? Rudzii zvinhu isu here kubata - nomumbure kana musanganiswa"

Dzimwe nguva dzose, rucheno nefuma kufara kwete chete Vanotsvakurudza, nyanzvi, asiwo vanhuwo. Zvatinoreva kazhinji kuburikidza pfungwa iyi? Mumwe nomumwe wedu anoda kunwa mvura pasina weheavy metal tsvina. Tinoda kufema mhepo inotonhorera kuti haisi zvakasvibiswa chiutsi magasi motokari. Asi unogona kunzi mvura non-utachiona uye mhepo yakachena zvinhu? Kubva nemaonero sayenzi - kwete.

Chii fomura?

Saka, musanganiswa - a fuma kuti rine mhando zvakawanda mamorekuru. Zvino funga pamusoro Kuronga mvura chiri chete inoyerera kubva pombi - hongu, pane zvakawanda nouipi. Uyewo, kuti zvinhu anoumba musanganiswa, akadana zvinoriumba. Funga muenzaniso. Mhepo yatinofema - ndiko musanganiswa magasi akasiyana. Zvinoriumba zvaisanganisira ayo sezvamunoita - okisijeni, senitrogen, carbon dioxide, zvichingodaro. Kana vakawanda mumwe chezvinonhuwira zvishoma kagumi kupfuura vamwe, ipapo fuma anonzi tsvina. Kazhinji kuwanikwa zvakasikwa mumhepo, iyo kwakasvibiswa rehydrogen sulphide tsvina. gasi ichi ane munhuwi mazai akaora uye muchetura kuvanhu. Kana kuzorora pamahombekombe erwizi kuti moto, zvichava kusvibisa mhepo ine carbon dioxide, riri ngozi akawanda.

Zvikurukuru anokurumidza witted vakomana vangava kare vaiva mubvunzo: "Chii anonyanya - nefuma wakachena kana muvhenganiswa?" Mhinduro yomubvunzo wenyu: ". Kazhinji, zvose kuti isu unopoteredza - musanganiswa"

Saka zvinoshamisa akaronga zvisikwa.

A mashoko mashoma pamusoro mhando chaiyo zvinhu

Pakutanga ino, isu akavimbisa kutaurira kana pane zvinhu zvachose hapana tsvina. Unofungei, kana pane zvakadai? On pombi mvura isu vakati kare. Ko Nomozhet ane tsvina chitubu mvura? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu nyore: zvachose wakachena zvinhu asina kuwanikwa zvakasikwa. Zvisinei, masayendisiti kutaura hama kuchena nefuma. Zvinoita sokuti izvi: "Mashoko akanaka, asi ane caveat." Somuenzaniso, kungava zvazviri yakaisvonaka. Ingi dema uye Violet ane netsvina. Kana vasingagoni kuonekwa ne makemikari maitiro, kwakadaro fuma anonzi mishonga wakachena. Izvi kwakadonhera mvura.

The kuchena

Saka, inguva kutaura vakachena fuma. Ichi venhumbi waro sezvamunoita ane mumwe chete mhando PARTICIPLE. Zvakaratidza kuti anonyanya ehupfumi. Ane rimwe zita; wacho fuma. Ngatiedzei munguva ehupfumi mvura yakachena:

• nomumwe fuma: kwakadonhera mvura;
• ; achibika tembiricha - 100 ° C;
• ; Kubvunda Temperature - 0 ° C;
• mvura akadaro asina kunaka, kwakanaka uye ruvara.

How kugovera fuma?

nyaya iyi zvakare kushanda. Kakawanda mumba uye kubasa (kanenge vakawanda) vanhu vaiita fuma. Somuenzaniso, muna mukaka yakabereka ruomba, izvo zvinogona inounganidzwa pachiso, kana tikashandisa nzira yokugadzirisa. Panguva achinatsa murume unobereka peturu, ndege chinotsva, neparafini, mafuta muchina, uye zvichingodaro. Panguva mumatanho ose processing murume anoshandisa zvakasiyana siyana nzira nokuda kupatsanurwa wemisanganiswa, izvo kuvimba kwomuviri ezvinhu nyaya. Ngatikurukurei chimwe nechimwe chazvo.

mupise

Nzira iyi inoshandiswa panyaya apo pane imwe mvura nenhumbi rine insoluble nezvishoma. Somuenzaniso, mvura uye rwizi jecha. muvhenganiswa Uyu munhu inopfuura nomunyika firita. Saka, jecha arambe ari Sefa uye mvura yakachena ichipfuura zvisina ngozi. Hatinyanye kuteerera zvikuru, asi zuva nezuva mukicheni, vagari vakawanda kupfuura mvura kubva pombi kuburikidza echipiriso firita. Saka kusvika pamwero unogona kufunga pachavo masayendisiti!

pakugadzirisa

Nzira iyi isu taurei yakakwirira zvishoma. Zvisinei, ngatikurukurei izvozvo zvizere. By nzira iyi Kutenga mishonga zvakadyiwa apo zvakakodzera kugovera kuturika kana emulsion. Somuenzaniso, kana mvura yakachena rakapinda mafuta muriwo, kunoguma musanganiswa zvinofanira kuzununguswa, ipapo woripa bika nguva. Pashure paizvozvo, vanhu vachange kucherechedza Chiitiko, kana firimu mafuta anofukidza mvura.

Mumarabhoritari, mishonga kushandisa imwe nzira inonzi kupatsanura fanera. Kana kushandisa nzira iyi yokuzvinatsa gobvu emura chinopinda kupinda mugaba, uye kuti zviri nyore - mapfupa.

sedimentation nzira ine chakakomba drawback - zviri pasi nokukurumidza izvi dziriko. Muchiitiko chino, zvinotora nguva kuti kuumba sludge. In maindasitiri miti nzira yakadaro richiri kushandiswa. Mainjiniya kugadzira anokosha mazano, iyo vanonzi "kugara".

magineti

Mumwe nomumwe wedu kanenge kamwe hwose achitamba magineti. Its pfuma zvinoshamisa yokukwezva simbi zvaiita mashiripiti. Unyanzvi vanhu wafungidzira kushandisa magineti vaparadzane musanganiswa. Somuenzaniso, kuparadzana matanda simbi mafufu anogona kushandisa magineti. Asi zvinokosha kufunga kuti havasi vose nesimbi anogona kukwezva, ndiko chete pasi avo wemisanganiswa kuti ane ferromagnetic zvinhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira nickel, terbium, cobalt, erbium, uye zvichingodaro.

DISTILLATION

Izwi kwakatangira Latin, zvinoreva "huchidonha madonhwe." Nzira iyi ndiyo Kuparadzana wemisanganiswa kwakavakirwa kusiyana zvinhu kufashaira tembiricha. Hazvina nzira iyi achagova mvura uye doro. . Zvapedzisira fuma runopwa pa +78 ° C. Kana vaviri hanya masvingo inotonhora uye hukawanika, nemhute condenses, kuva mvura fuma.

In rinorema indasitiri, nzira iyi unobereka zvigadzirwa mafuta, simbi yakachena uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvinonhuwirira.

Zvinoita kugovera magasi?

Tiri kutaura wakachena zvinhu uye wemisanganiswa mune mvura uye rakasimba mamiriro. Asi chii kana uchida kuita kuparadzana gasi wemisanganiswa? Bright pfungwa makemikari indasitiri nhasi vari kudzidzira nzira kupatsanurwa gaseous wemisanganiswa zvikuru panyama:

• condensation;
• sorption;
• Kamudzira kumwedzi;
• reflux.

Saka, munyaya ino takurukura pfungwa chaiyo zvinhu uye wemisanganiswa. Takaona kuti kakawanda kuwanikwa zvakasikwa. Zvino kuti munoziva dzakasiyana nzira kupatsanura wemisanganiswa - uye vamwe vavo vanogona prodemonsttrirovat pachake, akadai magineti. Tinovimba kuti nyaya yedu zvave zvichibatsira kwamuri. Dzidza sayenzi nhasi, saka kuti mangwana vanogona kukubatsira kugadzirisa chero dambudziko - vari pamba uye kubasa!