Wormholes ari muchadenga. isinganzwisisiki pfungwa

Nyeredzi muchadenga anofukidzira zvakavanzika zhinji. Maererano mukuru dzidziso relativity (GTR), yakatangwa Einstein, tiri kurarama mana-dimensional nzvimbo-nguva. Hazvina curved nerukudzo, zvaizivikanwa tose, chinoratidza pfuma iyi. Nyaya Bends, "anokotama kuti" nzvimbo vakavapoteredza, uye kupfuura denser. Space, nzvimbo uye nguva - izvi zvose zvinofadza chaizvo nyaya. Pashure kuverenga nyaya ino, iwe zvirokwazvo kudzidza chinhu chitsva pamusoro pavo.

Pfungwa curvature

Vazhinji dzimwe dzidziso regiravhiti, iyo iripo nhasi mazana yose, anosiyana mashoko zvawo relativity. Zvisinei, muchadenga hypotheses izvi zvose kuramba chinhu chikuru - pfungwa curvature. Kana nzvimbo iri curved, zvinganzi vakafunga kuti vaigona kutora Somuenzaniso, chimiro nenyere unobva nharaunda, izvo vanoparadzaniswa ne muzvizhinji chiedza-makore. Uye zvichida kunyange zera, kure nomumwe. Pashure pezvose, hatisi kutaura pamusoro muchadenga, avanoziva kwatiri, asi nzvimbo-nguva, apo tikatarisa nzvimbo. The gomba inogona kuonekwa chete pasi zvimwe ezvinhu. Tinopa iwe kuti Kunyatsoziva chinofadza chinonakidza kuti wormholes.

Pfungwa yokutanga wormholes

Deep nzvimbo dzayo zvakavanzika twakawandawanda. Pfungwa pamusoro curvature akazviratidza pakarepo pashure zvakanzi rakabudiswa General Relativity. L. Flamm, imwe yefizikisi yeAustria uyo muna 1916 akati spatial geometry anogona kuvapo imwe buri, izvo rinobatanidza nyika mbiri. Yemasvomhu N. Rosen uye Albert Einstein muna 1935, akaona kuti nyore mhinduro yacho equations iri gadziriro vakawanda relativity, vakarondedzera kure electrically mhosva kana kwazvakarerekera manyuko, kutanga rinokweva munda, vane spatial yakarongeka "zambuko". Kureva ivo kubatanidza universes mbiri, mbiri dzakada sandara uye imwe nzvimbo-nguva.

Gare gare, ava spatial zvivako vakatanga kunzi "wormholes", riri nani vakasununguka shanduro kubva Chirungu shoko wormhole. Pedyo shanduro yake - "wormhole" (mu muchadenga). Rosen uye kunyange Einstein haana kudzivirira kubata kushandisa "mabhiriji" izvi kurondedzera kwavari uchibatsirwa zvokutanga inoramba. Zvechokwadi, muchiitiko ichi, kuti PARTICIPLE ndiyo evasingatombonamati spatial chimiro. Saka, tinofanira zvinoedza kwaibva vebasa kana uremu haisi zvakananga kuzviratidza. A kure kwokunze mucherechedzi apo wormhole ane nemaziso kukura, anoona chete pfungwa panobva pamwe nokuchengeta uye vakawanda vari rimwe dzezvimwe izvi.

"Bridges" Einstein-Rosen

Kune rimwe divi buri chinosanganisira Magetsi mitsetse, uye vachabuda panorumwe, kwete kupedza uye kutangira pose. G .. Wheeler, chokuAmerica yefizikisi, pachiitiko ichi, vakati kuti zvinoitika "mutariri pasina muripo" uye "vakawanda pasina vakawanda." Hazvina zvakafanira iyi nyaya kufunga kuti bhiriji inoshandiswa kubatanidza universes maviri akasiyana. No zvishoma akakodzera uye yaizova nokufungidzira kuti vaviri wormhole "muromo" buda mu iyoyo zvakasikwa, asi panguva dzakasiyana uye panguva dzakasiyana pfungwa kwayo. Zvakaratidza kuti chinhu akafanana negomba "mubato" kana zviri kusonera zvachose sandara dzose nyika. Mitsetse simba vari muromo, iyo inogona kunzwisiswa sezvinhu zvakaipa vebasa (somuenzaniso, Erekitironi). Aperture kubva yavakanga dziri, ane mhosva akanaka (positron). Kana vakawanda, vari kumativi maviri ndiwo chete.

Mamiriro ezvinhu inotungamirwa "mabhiriji" Einstein-Rosen

mufananidzo uyu, vose zvinokwezva yayo, haina kupararira kune wefizikisi ose zvokutanga nezvimedu, sezvo aiva nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana. Hazvisi nyore kuti vatsanangure dangwe "zambuko" Einstein-Rosen quantum ehupfumi, idzo varipowo ari Microcosm. Izvi "zambuko", uye haina kuumbwa nenzira inozivikanwa zvinokosheswa muripo uye vakawanda nezvimedu (protons uye maerekitironi). "Electric" mhinduro panzvimbo anofanotaura "kupfeka" mumwechete, ndiko kuti, pokuti yemagetsi munda curvature nzvimbo anoitwa zvisingaperi. Panguva dzakadaro pfungwa nzvimbo-nguva pfungwa, kunyange kana curvature hazvina maturo, sezvo hazvibviri kugadzirisa equations pamwe isingaperi nhamba yematemu.

Kana kwete kushanda GTR?

Roga, mukuru dzidziso relativity rinonyatsotaura chaizvo kana hunomira kushanda. Pamutsipa, panguva narrowest pfungwa "zambuko" kwave kutyorwa kumeso papi. Uye zvinofanira akati, zviduku. Mumaonero mumwe mucherechedzi kure mitsipa iyi chemabhazi nguva. Chokwadi chokuti Einstein uye Rosen vaiona mutsipa, zvino rinorondedzerwa so chiitiko jengachenga kuti buri dema (a mhosva kana kwazvakarerekera). Mwaranzi kana nezvimedu kubva kumativi akasiyana, "zambuko" vanowira "munzvimbo" siyana pamusoro jengachenga. Uye pakati kurudyi zvikamu zvaro, panongova kutaura, chiri asiri kunofambira mberi munda. Kuti zvakaitika nzvimbo, hatigoni kuchikunda.

Kusakwanisa nomunyika dema buri

The chitundumusere-musere, riri pedyo pajengachenga rakanyatsojeka guru hama kwairi buri dema rakaita yaita chando nokusingaperi. Vashoma uye vashoma anonongedzera akaitema ... Mukupesana, pajengachenga chikepe kuti wachi kunoitwa nenzira finite nguva. Kana chikepe (kana PARTICIPLE danda chiedza) inopfuura, iye zvichakurumidza akazorora kupinda mumwechete. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo curvature anova magumo. The mumwechete (pamusoro nzira kwayo) unoratidzwa muviri vaizongoguma kuputswa nowakapwanyika. Ndicho chokwadi nhema mugomba mudziyo.

zvimwe zvidzidzo

Muna 1916-17 gg. Takanga vakawana mhinduro Reissner-Nordström uye Schwarzschild. Vanorondedzerwa ne spherically zvakafanana, ichibata electrically mhosva uye kwavakarerekera maburi dema. Zvisinei Physics agumise kunzwisisa kuoma geometry Data dzezvimwe chete pakutanga kwezana 1950-60-ies. Yakanga D. A. Uiler, anozivikanwa nokuda basa rake dzidziso regiravhiti, uye wefizikisi zvenyukireya, akataura kuti shoko rokuti "wormhole" uye "dema mugomba". Zvakaitika kuti ari magwanza Reissner-Nordström uye Schwarzschild wormholes iriko muchadenga. Havana kuoneka zvachose kusvika kure mucherechedzi, kufanana buri dema. Uye, kufanana navo, wormholes vari muchadenga nokusingaperi. Asi kana mufambi chinopinda pedyo, ivo richaparara zvokuti kuburikidza navo haigoni kubhururuka chero ukurire chiedza kana hombe PARTICIPLE, uye kwete chii ngarava. Nendege kune imwe muromo, pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda ari mumwechete, tinofanira kufamba nokukurumidza kupfuura chiedza. Pari, yefizikisi vanodavira kuti velocity pamusoro supernova hwesimba uye nyaya iri unopfuura hazviiti.

Black makomba Schwarzschild uye Reissner-Nordström

Schwarzschild dema Buri aigona kunzi safambika moles burrow. Kana dema buri Reissner-Nordström, zviri zvishoma zvikuru kwakatooma, asiwo safambika. Achiri kuuya uye tsanangura mana-dimensional wormholes ari muchadenga kuti vaikwanisa, kwete kuoma. Munhu chete kunhonga zvakakodzera chimiro arşive. The arşive tensor, kana arşive, - chine variables, kushandisa iyo, mumwe anogona ngaaverenge mana-dimensional zvikamu huripo pakati pfungwa-zviitiko. Wakaisa uku variables zvachose inechirevo vo rinokweva munda, uye geometry nzvimbo-nguva. Geometric muchinjikwa wormholes vari muchadenga, kunyange nyore pane makomba dema. Havana horizons kuti kukonzera njodzi nokufamba kwenguva. Panguva dzakasiyana pfungwa munguva vanogona kuenda yakasiyana kumhanya, asi hazvifaniri panguva zvikuru kumisa kana mhanyisa.

Mitsetse miviri tsvakurudzo wormholes

Nature aisa chipingamupinyi kuti kwaita wormholes. Zvisinei, mumwe munhu chakagadzirirwa kuti kana pane chipingamupinyi, nguva dzose pachava vachida kuikurira. Uye masayendisiti kuvapowo. Zvekufamba pakati theorists vari kuongorora wormholes inogona huviri nzvimbo mukwanisi mumwe. The yokutanga inotaura kukurukura nemigumisiro dzavo pachine uchitarisira kuti wormholes iriko. Vamiririri kutungamirira rechipiri kuedza kunzwisisa chii uye sei vaonekwe, mamiriro ezvinhu anodiwa kuti chidzoke kwavo. Basa mirayiridzo iyi mukuru wokutanga uye, zvichida, ivo kunakidza. To mirayiridzo iyi zvinosanganisira kutsvaka yemashoko wormholes, uyewo kudzidza zvivako zvavo.

Nebudiriro yefizikisi Russian

Somugumisiro, mashoko ehupfumi kwenyaya ari mashoko kuvaka wormholes zvinogona akaziva nokuda polarization Vacuum quantum minda. yefizikisi Russian Sergey Sushkov uye Arkady Popov, pamwe Spanish aiongorora David Hochberg uye Sergei Krasnikov ichangopfuura akauya mhedziso iyi. Vacuum muchiitiko ichi hachisi maturo. Izvi quantum mamiriro dzinoratidzwa yakadereresa simba, kureva, mumwe munda umo kusina zvacho chaizvo. In munda uyu, nguva dzose ane PARTICIPLE yegwara "rakapotsa" kunyangarika vasati zvakwakafukurwa akaipa, asi kunosiya chiratidzo muchimiro simba tensor, kureva kupomba, dzinoratidzwa kujairika ehupfumi. Pasinei nokuti quantum ehupfumi nyaya iri kunyanya wakaratidzwa Microcosm, wormholes, akaberekwa navo, pasi zvimwe zvinhu, anogona kusvika wandei saizi. Mumwe nyaya Krasnikova, nenzira, anonzi "The kutyiswa wormholes."

mubvunzo uzivi

Kana wormholes nokusingaperi vachiri kukwanisa kuvaka kana kuwana nzvimbo uzivi, chokuita dudziro nesayenzi, nezvinetso zvitsva uye, ndinofanira kutaura, zvakaoma chaizvo. Zvose zvinoita penga nguva muzvishwe uye zvakaoma nyaya chokuita causation, nharaunda iyi sainzi, pamwe nguva ichi vachanzwisisa. Sezvo kunzwisisa munguva yake nezvinetso quantum Vanamakanika uye vakasikwa Einstein kuti dzidziso relativity. Space, nzvimbo uye nguva - dzose nyaya idzi makore ose, vanofarira vanhu uye ungangokuvara kufarira matiri nguva dzose. Kuziva kwazvo asiri kubudirira. Space ubanguranyika angangotadza nokusingaperi kupedzwa.