Mana-dimensional nzvimbo

Nhasi, wechikoro ose anoziva kuti nzvimbo umo munhu,-dimensional matatu, ndiro, rine kukura matatu: kureba, pahupamhi uye kukwirira. Asi chii mana-dimensional nzvimbo? Kana tikadzidza kwete chete spatial nzvimbo muviri, asi sei Kuchinja pamusoro nguva, ndiko, pezvakaitwa kuti kutora nzvimbo -dimensional matatu nzvimbo, pane mumwe zvakawanda batanidza - nguva. Four-dimensional uye inoumbwa vatatu spatial uye mumwe nezvepanyama Coordinates. Muchiitiko chino, yefizikisi uye vazivi vanotaura rimwe nzvimbo-nguva continuum. Nguva uye nzvimbo dziri zvinodyidzana. Kutaura zvazviri, vanoonekwa zvinhu vakasiyana mana-dimensional nzvimbo-nguva.

Four-dimensional nzvimbo ave kubatana nguva uye nzvimbo ine anonakidza pfuma iri migumisiro dzidziso relativity pakati Einstein. It iri yokuti vane nzira nokumhanya muviri kuti zvivhenekere pariri zvishoma nezvishoma inoyerera nguva, uye muviri pachawo ipfupi ukuru.

Fungidzira mana-dimensional nzvimbo zvakaoma. Kana tiri kuchikoro, akabwembura sandara geometric zvitarisiko, hazvina kuona chero matambudziko zvikuru - ivo vaviri-dimensional (ane upamhi uye urefu). Zvakanga zvakaoma kuwana uye zvinomirira-dimensional matatu zvitarisiko - pasikweya, mapiramidhi, sepombi uye zvakawanda. Uye fungidzira mana-dimensional hakusi zvakaoma kunyange masvomhu uye wefizikisi.

Chokwadi, pfungwa "mana-dimensional nzvimbo" zvakakodzera kuti vajaire. Yokungotaura yefizikisi akashandisa pfungwa ina-dimensional nzvimbo-nguva ari kushandisa Masvomhu, kutanga munyika ina-dimensional geometry.

Pfungwa Einstein akati kuti giravhiti muviri pave curvature dzakaripoteredza mana-dimensional nzvimbo-nguva. Hazvisi nyore kuona "romuzvarirwo" nzvimbo-nguva, uye kunaka - zvakatonyanya kuoma. Asi yokungotaura yefizikisi, kana masvomhu uye havafaniri kuteerera chinhu. Curvature vavo rinomirira kuchinja geometrical ehupfumi muviri kana maumbirwo. Somuenzaniso, mashoko circumferential kureba rinoreva dhayamita yaro ndege sezvo 3,14, uye ichi hachisi chokwadi kuti curved pamusoro. Tinogona curvature mana-dimensional nzvimbo vakatodzidzisa mukutanga namapfumbamwe Russian yemasvomhu remakore Nikolai Lobachevsky. Pakati pezana remakore rechigumi nepfumbamwe remakore, nyanzvi yemasvomhu yokuGermany Riemann akatanga kuongorora "curved" nzvimbo kwete vatatu chete kukura, asi mana, uye ipapo chero uwandu miganhu. Sezvo geometry pamusoro curved nzvimbo inonzi non-Euclidean. The havaoni vasiri Euclidean geometry havana kuziva chaizvo pasi chii ezvinhu zvinogona kubatsira geometry wavo. The kwemasvomhu midziyo, zvavakanga zvakasikwa, akanga vakabva kushandiswa Pfungwa ine vakawanda relativity (general relativity).

Einstein akataura inonakidza zvazviri, maererano nguva: simba regiravhiti munda, nguva dzichayerera nomumugwagwa kwaitora nguva pane kunze kwayo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nguva zuva achava nomumugwagwa kwaitora nguva pane paNyika, nokuti simba regiravhiti kwezuva riri yakakura zvikuru kupfuura simba regiravhiti Wepasi. Nechikonzero chimwe chete wachi pane imwe kumusoro Nyika kuenda zvishoma dzichimhanya kupfuura pamusoro pechiso redu.

Zvikuru nokuti yose nesayenzi vane masayendisiti kuzarura ehupfumi kwenguva, sezvo slowdown zvayo pedo Nyuturoni nyeredzi, kumisa nguva mu "mumakomba dema", iro tsvagai mukana "Kuchinja" iri muchadenga uye nguva neizvi muitiro.

Kunze rinokweva munda rinowanika saka akadana nzvimbo - nharaunda umo simba regiravhiti pamusoro muviri, kana asingadi kuita, kana anoita simba chaizvo zvichienzaniswa kukomba Pasi. Nyeredzi dziri muchadenga, uye yakawanda ane vakasununguka nzvimbo.