Mutemo 242 pamusoro Inodzivirira Personal Data. Federal Law 242 (Mutemo ari oga Data): Kushanduka nemashoko

Russia ine yoga mutemo, maererano izvo masangano akasiyana-siyana uye utano vanhu vanofanira kuita oparesheni pachake date - Mutemo nhamba 152. In kuMudzidzisi chiito pamutemo nguva muparamende vangagadzirisa. Zvikurukuru, September 1, 2015 akapinda simba mitemo iri Federal Mutemo № 242, pashure racho izvo zviri Federal Law nhamba 152, nhamba yemirau vangasimudzira itsva. Ndezvipi? Ndiani vanosungirwa kushandisa akakodzera zvokudya mutemo?

Chii Mutemo ari oga mashoko?

Zvinonzi kunyanya kufunga ichi chinokosha: Mutemo 242-FL, izvo vakapinda simba musi 1 September 2015, ari normative chiito, izvo Akave nokuvandudza mumwe, chinokosha tsime mutemo - Federal Mutemo № 152, vakagamuchirwa muna July 2006. Saka, mutauro zviri mumurairo № 242 inofanira kuonekwa chete akapoteredza mitemo kuti huri FL № 152.

Chinokosha zvemutemo chiito - nhamba 152 Federal Law, yakatangwa Russian mitemo yakadaro nomutemo Mapato akadai:

- pachake mashoko;

- opareta kuMudzidzisi mashoko;

- kubudiswa pachake mashoko.

Under muchikwata che muparamende pamutemo rokutanga prescribes kunzwisisa ruzivo chero kuti zvakananga kana kuti zvisina kunanga chokuita nomunhu wacho. Zvingava Somuenzaniso, zita rake, pachake mashoko uye kuonana ruzivo.

Under chikamu mu mutemo wechipiri repamutemo inoreva ezvinhu kana matunhu neminisiparati simba, sangano kana munhu vakazvimirira kana pamwe nevamwe vatambi basa date kubudiswa nzira, uye ona akafanana dzavo uye mashandiro navo.

Under muchikwata pamutemo yechitatu prescribes muparamende akanzwisisa chinhu oparesheni kana kutevedzana vavo, izvo chokuita zvemunhu uye vari kunze kuburikidza kushanda kushandisa michina nzira kana pasina pavo.

Basic akavhiyiwa pachavo mashoko kunorondedzerwa mutemo nhamba 152: muunganidzwa, kurekodha, kuchengetwa, updating, kushandiswa, kuchinjwa, ichivharira, deletion. Izvi zviri pamutemo Mapoka, pfungwa, panguva wokugamuchirwa aigona kunzi zvakarurama itsva wepamutemo gadziriro yacho Russian Federation. Pamberi chimurenga pachake Data nokudzorwa mitemo Russian nani asingafungi.

Novelty FL № 152

Mutemo musi Personal Data, vakagamuchirwa mu Russia, yainzi saka kuunza epamba nomutemo gadziriro dzakawanda zvinodiwa kuitira zvakavanzika mashoko Exchange - zvikurukuru kumiririrwa mukombiyuta uye kushandiswa sechikamu kukurukura paIndaneti. Asi FL № 152 zvakafanana yakasimbiswa zviri pamutemo mhoteredzo uye kudzivirira siyana kure-mutsetse Data.

Maererano pamutemo repamutemo chiito wandei pachavo mashoko makirasi vasarudzirwa kuti kushandisa zvimwe zvaida kudzivirira algorithms. Uyewo, Federal Mutemo № 152 mitemo maererano nako siyana mashoko chimurenga aigona kuitwa kushandiswa mashoko hurongwa - avo kuti zvinoda zvikuru unyanzvi vakuru uye marezinesi kuti kuitisa mabasa pachavo mashoko.

Pasinei nokuti Federal Mutemo nhamba 152 wakabudiswa muna 2006, muna tsika, ayo chikuru zvokudya pachake Data dzaishandisa zvakakodzera kushandisa chete kubva 1 July 2011. Sezvo akakodzera kunobva mutemo, sezvataona apa, nguva nenguva kuchinja siyana. Zvikurukuru avo kuti vave aifarirwa yeUnited hurumende kuburikidza noMutemo 242-FL. Funga mamiriro ayo zvizere.

Zvakakurukurwa pokushandisa pamutemo chiito

Federal Law 242-FL "On Personal Data" (kana kuti, "On yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kuti mabasa maererano date chakagadziridzwa") akasimbisa nzvimbo, maererano izvo dzaishandisa vava vanosungirwa kuti dzifunge uye chitoro Data chete servers kuti iri munharaunda Russia . Kana zviri kure-mutsetse woga date - kuti kuaisa Databases kuti dziri munzvimbo Russian Federation. Cherechedza kuti FL-242 mutemo ushandiswe nhamba kunze panyaya vakati mitemo - izvo, akavapindurawo, zvinoratidzwa pana zvinzvimbo FL № 152.

Chimwe zvakadzama wemurairo iri chokwadi kuti, kuburikidza ayo Paramende akaitawo kuchinja kwete chete munzvimbo dzinokosha nomutemo chiito yokudzora mukushanda pachavo data, asiwo kune kumwewo. Kureva, mumurau 149 "On mashoko", uyewo 249 ( "On kudzivirirwa nomutemo masangano uye munhu Entrepreneurs panguva ehurumende uye matunhu neminisiparati kuzvidzora").

Vezvenhau Russian yave kudzokororwa mashoko kuti Roskomnadzor - sangano basa kuona kuti mabasa dzaishandisa zvatinopiwa izvi FL-242 "On Personal Data Protection" muna 2016 achaita inspections ari rinobatsirwa pakukura IT-zvinogadzirisa, izvo tiite mabasa ari Russian Federation. Zvikurukuru, zvainzi kuti chinangwa Roskomnadzor - Ona kana zvokudya yomurayiro pezvitsiga akadai Microsoft, «Vkontakte», HeadHunter, LaModa. Zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti sangano anoita vanenge 1 zviuru. Various macheki.

Anosarudza yeUnited hurumende kuburikidza racho Federal Mutemo № 242-FL rokuchinja pachavo mashoko ari Basic Law aigona akafanosarudza kukosha dzaishandisa pakukura chinokosha ndiwedzere pakati Hardware uye software. Zvisinei, dambudziko iri rinofanira kugadziriswa mavanga, kunze vasiri zvaidiwa kuti zvinodiwa kwezvivako anoshandiswa nemurairo mubvunzo, Roskomnadzor anogona kumanikidza yakaisvonaka pamusoro kambani.

A zvinokosha mukuzadzika inspections inofungidzirwa kuti kuridza-siyana vanoshandisa IT-mhinduro. Kana vakatanga kufungidzira kuti mashoko avo vasiri zvakazara kudzivirirwa, mashoko pamusoro basa iri mubasa akavhiyiwa pamwe kuMudzidzisi Data zvinogona kuchinjwa zvakananga vanoshandisa Roskomnadzor. Izvo, zvaizoitawo kuti atange ongororo basa zvaidiwa noMutemo 242-FL.

Zvinobatsira kufunga kuti chii chiri kunzi yezvinoreva kunobva mutemo.

Mutemo nhamba 242: kukura kwebasa kunobva mutemo

Huru hurukuro pfungwa iyi - kuti, kana wenharaunda yaitongwa Federal Mutemo # 242 "On Personal Data Protection" riri dzimwe yemakambani izvo, kurutivi rumwe rutivi, dzinoita mabasa kune vanoshandisa Russian, Ukuwo, dziri kunze Russian Federation sezvo wepamutemo nemaonero, uye nemashoko ari yaisanganisira kwezvivako.

Vamwe zvokudya mutemo uyu kuti dai zvisingarevi zvakawanda akasarudza nzvimbo yawo chiito, Paramende haana kufarira. Naizvozvo, kuti tiwane mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu, unofanira kureva vamwe mutemo.

Saka, maererano nemutemo mashoko huripo ari Russian Federation, kushandisa wenharaunda rokuRussia siyana pakukurukurirana kwezvivako vanofanira kufunga zvinodiwa kunotenderwa RF mutemo. Saka, kana tikavatevera wokuyera ichi, zvinganzi vakagumisa kuti Federal Mutemo № 242-FL kunosvika Asi basa chete avo kuti zvakajeka dzinosanganisira kwezvivako kuti rinowanika Russia.

Pakusarudza basa pachavo mashoko opareta muRussia

Chinonyanya kukosha yokuona nayo utongi vaiona tsime mutemo - muchiso zvevhiki mabasa, pakuva chimwe basa. Kana imwe nzvimbo kunonyanya caters kune vanoshandisa Russian, inofanira kukurukurwa sezvinoitwa pasi murau kubva zvokusvika maonero pokushandisa mutemo nhamba 242. Chokwadi chokuti basa nechinangwa chokuwana pachavo mashoko ane vagari Russian Federation risimbiswe inobva chokwadi kuti:

- in nemamiriro Website kero kushandisa achazoburuka .ru, .su, .rf kana Somuenzaniso, .moskva;

- zviri nzvimbo unoitwa Russian;

- in mapeji portal pane pamberi mukana apinde noukama basa tichishandisa mhando zvibvumirano akambochera sezvakatenderanwa Civil Code.

In tsika, dzaishandisa izvi, izvo kuwira pasi wenharaunda yaitongwa Federal Law nhamba 242, unogona kuva zvivako zvakasiyana chaizvo - somuenzaniso, vashandi mabasa makambani, mabhengi, dana-nzvimbo. All Ivo vanofanira nechokwadi uchiwirirana avo mabasa pamwe zvinodiwa murairo mubvunzo.

Act № 242 maererano kwayo chikumbiro retroactive

Zvisinei, mutemo № 242-FL pamusoro yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kuna Federal Mutemo nhamba 152 wakabudiswa pashure kupfuura iye akaonekwa FL nhamba 152, uyewo kumashure yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita maro, kwakatungamirira kwaita kudiwa mberi kududzirwa zvokudya zvinokosha zviri pamutemo chiito. Zvikurukuru, paiva kukurukura kuti kana kwete kufunga mutemo nhamba 242 setisina retroactive zvazviri kuti pamutemo kwezvakatipoteredza.

Kupfuura chete nevakawanda nemaonero, maererano iyo iri tinyatsonzwisisa pamutemo yezvinoreva pamutemo chiito vanofanira kushandisa obscheyuridicheskie mazano maererano izvo achiita retroactive mugumisiro mitemo avo, izvo achiipa ezvinhu vamwe, kana pasi kuti mamwe mabasa anoitwa haangatongovi .

Kunze anogona kuitwa pamusoro nemitemo pamutemo umo retroactive musimboti akanyorwa zvakananga. Mutemo 242-FL zvakadaro zvokudya harina. Saka, kuita ayo vaitire chete vechikamu yokupira ukama, izvo kutanga ribude pachako umboo pashure pavanopinda runoenzanirana chiito pamutemo mune simba. Kureva, sezvo 1 September 2015.

Pfupiso date muunganidzwa

Imwe hurukuro pfungwa, zvinoratidza zviri pamutemo kuita pasi kukurukurwa - tsanangudzo "mashoko kuunganidza" pahwaro pfungwa mutauro varipo mariri. Chii kunzwisisa kwakaita kududzirwa iyi? Chokwadi kuti, maererano zvokudya Federal Law nhamba 152, kuti takaitwa kuburikidza racho Federal Mutemo № 242-FL ari oga mashoko kuchinja, asi dzaishandisa tinosungirwa kupa localization mafaira chete chete kuunganidzwa akakodzera mashoko. Uyewo, musimboti nzira iyi haina zvakajeka mumurairo, izvo, chokwadi, ndizvo zvinoita kuti abudirire Implementation zvokudya yayo dzinoverengeka Mamiriro ezvinhu.

Pakati nyanzvi wakaitwa maonero, maererano uyo "muunganidzwa" zvakarurama kunzwisisa naro mashoko controller anogamuchira zvakananga vamwe sangano simba kana yechitatu mapati. Zvakaratidza kuti vari vemunyika zvinoenderana Federal Law 242 inofanira kuva chete avo mashoko pachake kuti ave akawana nokuda opareta nezvokuti basa ravo rinotarisa kuunganidzwa kwemari akakodzera mashoko. Uye kana Somuenzaniso, zviri opareta akavagamuchira netsaona - sezvo nezvechisarudzo, muchimiro tsamba nokuda e-mail, tsvaka, sezvakarayirwa nemurairo 242-FL, pachake mashoko ari tingasarudza. Saizvozvowo kuonekwa zvisakafanira sechinhu chirongwa date muunganidzwa kugamuchira kwavari mumwe akasimba kubva mumwe, kana vari nhamba dzenhare nezvimwe kuonana mashoko vamiririri chekambani.

Data placement kunze nemurairo nhamba 242

Chinotevera kukosha chinhu kunozivisa mutemo vatevedzere tsika iri Implementation zviri zvokudya mutemo nhamba 242 - mukana vakagovera dzaishandisa izvi kwose apo zvakakodzera - semuenzaniso, kana totaura kutsigira kukwira akakodzera mashoko servers was kubva kune dzimwe bhizimisi. Kudivi rimwe, mutemo № 242-FL pachake Data anofanira riri servers kuti iri munharaunda Russia. Kune vamwe, Chokwadi, pangava zvavo chinangwa kudiwa pekugara uye pamusoro dzimwe mari.

Sezvo magweta, muchinjikwa pamuganhu kupararira mashoko pasina akatyorerwa zvokudya nedare mutemo, pfungwa, zvinobvira. Pahwaro zvatinopiwa chipi mitemo iyoyo nzvimbo inogona kunganzi?

Apo muchinjikwa pamuganhu chinja iri pamutemo

Chokwadi chokuti mutemo pamusoro pachavo mashoko localization 242-FL haibatanidzi urongwa kugadzirisa kuti pamutemo mabasa yokudzora muchinjikwa pamuganhu kutapurirana mafaira ine munhu zvichienderana mashoko pamusoro vagari Russian Federation nemamwe masangano kuti kuwa pasi kudzivirira mutemo № 152-FL. Naizvozvo, nzira iri pamutemo, sezvo yakanga isati nguva apo kufunga Mutemo wakagadziridzwa wokuita rakazoshandiswa.

Asi kamwe zvakare pfungwa dzedu - muchinjikwa-muganhu Data yedzimudzangara anogona chete kuitwa kuti negadziriro yeparutivi kuMudzidzisi mafaira. Epakutanga, saka inofanira kuiswa servers muRussia. Panyaya iyi, humboo controller achava anokonzera kunze komutemo kushandiswa nevamwe vanhu kana mafaira pamusoro dzimwe servers. Uyezve, anogona kuti vaenzanise kwavo mashoko enyika pamwe zvinodiwa yakatangwa mumirau mamiriro mutemo pamusoro munharaunda iyo Server waanogara.

Kurangwa nokuda zvaipomerwa nhamba 242

Saka, takazoziva kuti zvakanga muparamende wakaita kubudikidza issuance muMutemo 242-FL kuchinja kuti Federal Law nhamba 152. Zvichava kubatsira kufunga, chii zvirango kutarisana dzaishandisa izvi vanotyora zvatinopiwa kuMudzidzisi rine mutemo.

Chekutanga, kambani iri vanosungirwa kutevedza zvinodiwa nomurayiro nhamba 242, imwe administrative mutongo zvaangatarirwa. Its anokosha 500-1000 rubles nevakuru, uyewo 10 nguva hombe mari - nokuti pamutemo masangano. Wakaisa ichi yakanaka Art. 13.11 kubva Administrative Code.

Chechipiri, unogona kushandiswa tendero akadai pakatanga date opareta vemhosva yokunyoresa. Chinhu makombiyuta Database kuti rinosanganisira achazoburuka mazita uye maURL nzvimbo apo munhu Data vari kupatsanurwa vakaremara. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kwebasa rinofanira opareta iri runoenzanirana remazita iri kuitwa sarudzo dare. Kunze - namarudzi kukanzura kana pamusoro kubviswa zvaipomerwa iri kambani.

Chechitatu, zvingava zvishoma kuwana nzvimbo iri rakatangwa sizvo Mabatiro pachavo mashoko. nzira iyi rinoitwa mushure date nyaya iri Roskomnadzor anotumira mashoko kudiwa kutora matanho kuvhara nhengo mokuwana.

Uyezve, gwaro iri anofanira nechimwe munhu mutongo, vakasvika simba. Pashure paizvozvo Roskomnadzor anotumira mashoko pamusoro kutyorwa muridzi nzvimbo mutemo nhamba 242 Hosting Provider, uye kuti, kana muridzi zvekuvaka haangavi vanyatsopedza kutyora, ichivharira nzvimbo.

Nzira kuti kushanda zvirango pamusoro Vanotyora mutemo pamusoro zvokudya pasi pokukurukura pamutemo chiito hunoenderana rawo. Operators pachake mashoko zvine musoro kuti kudzidza nguva dzose, uyewo Somuenzaniso, uye zvakasiyana-siyana Analytical zveBhaibheri mutemo № 242-FL, pamutemo rinotsanangura. Pursuant kuti mitemo Federal Law nhamba 152, kufungisisa akakodzera yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita nawo - anokosha zvimiso yakarurama kushanda mashoko mabasa.