Vanhu vemamwe nyika, kunze Russia. Mienzaniso Russia uye dzimwe nyika zvenyika avanhu

Maererano nokufungidzira siyana, anorarama anenge 5000 marudzi akasiyana-siyana pasi pose. Vazhinji vavo havana vakawanda. Urudzi zvinogona kupatsanurwa kwete chete nenhamba vamiririri, asiwo nokuda mutauro.

vagari Africa

vazhinji emadzinza vanogara munharaunda Africa. Tichienzanisa Black kondinendi vanhu mune dzimwe nyika havasi kudaro siyana. Somuenzaniso, muNigeria nhamba rinosvika 250. The Kudeuka muNigeria madzinza - Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo.

In yose, Africa ine anenge 50 vemarudzi akasiyana. 24 marudzi awa pamusana anenge 86% of zvachose Vagari Black Continent. Uyezve, mumwe nomumwe emadzinza vanotaura mutauro wavo. Chete Arabic hakuna anosara. Izvi zvataurwa kwerinenge cheshanu Africans.

Yaitonga kare

Africa iri kondinendi, iyo kusvikira nguva ichangobva kupfuura yaitongwa vanhu dzimwe nyika. Yaitonga kare Runonzwika kwose kwose. Kwemazana emakore akawanda dzakadzidzvinyirira European vakapamba pfuma veko, hwokushandisa nokuda kwavo pachavo vabatsirwe. Pokuwa ino akatanga chete mumazuva pashure peHondo Yenyika II. The zvachose Vagari yacho Black - vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 250. Zvichienzaniswa navanhu dzimwe nyika munyika zviri kuitika zvakasimba chaizvo kwouwandu hwevanhu.

Kupatsanura avanhu Africa

African avanhu rakakamurwa muzvikamu yakavakirwa mitauro chavanopinda. A kuwanda mitauro African dzinogona kubatanidzwa mu hombe mapoka ukama - mhuri. Mhuri iyi mutauro vanosanganisira vaya mitauro kuti vane zvakafanana midzi. All pamusoro kondinendi, pane guru kwomutauro mapoka akawanda. DzeChirungu dzaiva ichi, Afro-asiatic, mande, Nilotic. Somuenzaniso, muna North Africa vanogara vanhu, vanokurukurirana mumitauro Afro-asiatic. chikamu ichi zvinosanganisira Cushitic uye Berber subgroup. Nechepakati chikamu kondinendi uye kumaodzanyemba iri inogarwa nevanhu, akakurukura mutauro dzeChirungu dzaiva boka.

Chete ari VII-XI emakore. muna Africa vaiva navaArabhu. Vanhu vanogara munharaunda Sahara uye Maghreb kare, vanyori venhau dzekare dzainzi vaRibhia. Pamberi Arab kukunda ndima pasi, vanotaura mutauro Berber boka. Vaitama pano madzinza XI remakore Arab inonzi Hilal uye Sulaym kukanganiswa nzira upenyu veko Berbers. VaAborigine wokurera Islam, akatanga vanoirima kufanana navaArabhu. Common akava anongofamba. Kashoma kuti vanhu mune dzimwe nyika dziri wakafananidzwa chete zvokuti navaArabhu uye Berbers ikozvino. Pakati pavo kunodokuva kusingabviri tara mutsetse yakajeka. Uyezve, muitiro nokusanganisa maviri mapoka emadzinza chinonyanya kwazvo mune yezana remakore yokupedzisira.

Okufananidza zera necheSalvic dzinza uye nevamwe vanhu

Maererano nedzimwe nemishumo, mamiriro Kievan Rus akamuka VI remakore BC. e. Zvimwe masayendisiti anodavira kuti necheSalvic mamiriro yakabuda kare nevezvokutengeserana inonzi "kubva VaViking kuvaGiriki" mugore 862, apo hugota akakurumbira Russian dzinza. Vanhu vakawanda vanoda kureba nhoroondo yavo. Zvisinei, kune vaya vane "zera" hakusi mubvunzo - chokwadi, ivo vakuru zvikuru kupfuura necheSalvic dzinza. marudzi Ancient dzimwe nyika, kunze Russia - ndiko vokuArmenia, vaJudha, vaAsiriya, Basques, koysantsy.

VokuArmenia - Haik kupunduka mambo

Armenian ethnos ichaongororwa muduku pakati pemamwe marudzi ekare. Zvisinei, munhau yacho vokuArmenia zvikuru unexplored. Kusvikira pakuguma XIX kare remakore aidavira kuti Armenian rudzi yakatangira mambo Ike, izvo munhu akafukidzwa ngano. Ike vokutanga vakasarudza kuti delimit miganhu itsva mamiriro munharaunda Mount Ararat. Ndinotenda kuti zviri achimiririra yamambo Ike uye nokuzvidzora vokuArmenia - "mukuru".

Parizvino, kushandisa yakasiyana shanduro kwakabva vokuArmenia. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti madzitateguru avo - Nhunzi uye urumeytsy - nevakabva nzvimbo dzematunhu XII remakore BC. e., kunyange pamberi muHiti mamiriro yakatangwa. Vanhu dzimwe nyika izvo vokuArmenia vaigara munharaunda - nayo Urartu uye Luvians. Mamwe masayendisiti anodavira kuti Armenian madzinza mavambo anofanira kutsvaka pakati uchapupu Hurrian umambo, vaitakura zita Armagh-Shubiya.

vaJudha

VaJudha vachiri vanhu mumwe, uyo kare odzokera emakore. Mysteries kare vaJudha hapana isingasviki nhoroondo vokuArmenia. Kwenguva refu zvaifungwa kuti pfungwa rudzi urwu hakusi kwemadzinza, asi chitendero. Between masayendisiti vanotyisa gakava pamusoro zvavanoita - mumwe dzidziso dzakatsauka vezvitendero, dhipatimendi munzanga layer kana zvichida yakazvimirira vanhu. Maererano kwainyanya chitendero chechiJudha - Yekare - vaJudha vari vazukuru vaAbrahamu, iye akabva Mesopotamian guta reUri.

Pamwe chete nababa vake, Abrahamu vakatamira "Nyika yechipikirwa" - kunyika yeKenani. Zvadaro, akatora nyika marudzi kurarama pedyo, uyo, maererano nengano, vaiva zvizvarwa Noah. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti vanhu vechiJudha anodzokera kuna II chemakore BC. e. - Ipapo vakanga aumbwa kuva yoga boka yemadzinza oukuru. "Hama" dzepedyo vaJudha mumutauro ndiwo marudzi avaAmori, uye vokuFenikiya.

The ano shanduro kwakabva vaJudha

Handizvo kare akazviratidza nokuda kukura sayenzi uye maonero matsva pamusoro kwakatangira vechiJudha vanhu. Masayendisiti aidzidza majini kuongorora mapoka makuru matatu rwevaJudha. Ashkenazi (vaigara America uye Europe) kunge kuongororwa, Mizrahim (vanogara kuMiddle East uye North Africa) uye Sephardim (kurarama pamusoro Iberian Peninsula). Zvakazozivikanwa kuti izvi madzinza ose vane genetics akafanana. Izvi zvinosimbisa dzakavapo kubva zvakafanana kunobva. Mhedziso wakavhomorwa nemasayendisiti - madzitateguru vaJudha pakutanga vaigara muMesopotamia. Kuparadzana yakaitika paitonga Mambo Nebhukadhinezari.

Interesting zvinhu nezvavaJudha

Russia uye dzimwe nyika nyika vanhu vane zvakawanda kubvisa kusanzwisiswa nezvavaJudha. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakafanana ndechokuti huru bhuku vaJudha yekare vezvitendero. Kutaura zvazviri, bhuku dzvene kwavari - ndiko Talmud. The chitendero chechiJudha ane mapazi akawanda - chiri Orthodox mirayiridzo, kuchinja, kuchinja. Zvisinei, vatendi vose dzinoshandiswa sezvo bhuku chikuru ndiye Talmud.

mavambo Jewish rwunoverengerwa Hristoforu Kolumbu. Izvi runoratidzwa magwaro akawanda. Sam aidzidzisa zvakare kakawanda kutaurwa kuti ndezvevanhu vanhu vechiJudha. Kuvanhu dzimwe nyika uye nezvizvarwa vaigona kudzidza pamusoro Kufamba nomugungwa, Columbus akaramba dhayari raunonyora wekushandisa. Zvinokosha kuona kuti pakutanga mitsetse anotaura nezvenhoroondo makatodzinga vaJudha Spain. Uyewo, kuti siginicha ari kuda Columbus mamwe masayendisiti anotenda akaita muchiHebheru.

vanhu eAsiriya

Izvo huchiripo vekare dzavanhu vedzimwe nyika? Zvawanyora anoenderera navaAsiria: vanhu ava, zvichida zvakatonyanya yekare kupfuura vaJudha. Zvichida ivo akazviratidza muna IV-II mireniyumu BC VaJudha vakaburuka West oukuru vanhu. VaAsiria vaiva vamiririri kuchamhembe Semites. Modern vamiririri dzinza MuAsiria funga pachavo zvizvarwa ane ekare. Mamwe masayendisiti vakapesana maonero ichi. Vamwe vanodavira kuti madzitateguru ano VaAsiria ndivo vaAramu.

Chinese

Kune vanhu mune dzimwe nyika, kunze Russia, iyo yakasiyana zera, uye uwandu vamiririri vavo. Mumwe Mapoka akadaro madzinza Chinese. Vanozvidza "vanhu Han." Chinese vanoumba vanenge 19% kwevanhu munyika yose. Kuvamba yebudiriro, runoonekwa Han V-III mireniyumu BC Misha yokutanga dzakavakwa mumupata wacho Yellow River. Paumbwe Chinese dzinza akanga zvikuru kufurirwa dzavanhu vedzimwe nyika. Zvinyore kazhinji inoumbwa vamiririri Mongoloid rudzi; asi Tibetans, vokuIndonesia, Thais. Ndivo kwakasiyana mutsika dzavo dzose. Zvisinei, nhasi, Chinese ndivo zvakananga vazukuru Budiriro chikuru Han.

Basques

The Basques muenzaniso dzavanhu vedzimwe nyika kuti hadzisi kune Indo-European mutauro ezvinhu. Great Resettlement marudzi kwakatanga IV mumireniyamu BC zvino boka kwemitauro Indo-European inzira yokukurukurirana kwerinenge zvose vokuEurope. The anosiyiwa ndivo Basques - dzakavapo hakuna kufanana vanhu dzimwe nyika. List, kuwedzera Russia uye nyika dzokuEurope, izvo vanotsvakurudza akaenzanisa rudzi, sezvo Basques, ndiyo huru. Zvisinei, vatsvakurudzi vakasvika pakugumisa kuti Basques - chekare vanhu, vane mutauro hauna chokuita chero Indo-European boka mutauro. Anofungidzirwa ivo vanozivikanwa somunhu yoga dzinza, anenge 16 zviuru apfuura, panguva Paleolithic.

Koysantsy

Asi Basques - kwete wokupedzisira vekare vanhu dzimwe nyika. List, kunze Russia (kana, kutaura zvazviri, madzinza necheSalvic), vaJudha, vaAsiriya, Chinese, Basque uye vanogona vaisanganisa ne Khoisan. Masayendisiti anofungidzira kuti koysantsy akazviratidza anenge 100 thous. Makore akapfuura. dzinza guru iri ndowenyika African vanhu vanotaura womusangano 'nekudzvanya' mitauro. By koysantsam vari Bushmen uye Hottentots.

Vaongorori vakagumisa kuti chokutanga koysantsy aparadzana vakawanda muti avanhu Unorudzi 100 zviuru. Makore akapfuura. Mune mamwe manzwi, zvakaitika pamberi vanhu vagara vane Black kondinendi pasi pose. 43 zviuru zvemakore akapfuura koysantsev rudzi kwave kuchiita mumwe change - vari rakakamurwa madzinza kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba. Vamwe Khoisan marudzi zvichachengetwawo mavambo yavo. Other hwakakanyiwa pedyo dzeChirungu dzaiva namarudzi. Genetic kuongorora DNA koysantsev kunoratidza kuti vari rakasiyana nemamwe marudzi. Vakaona majini kuti vane basa yakakwirira wenyama kutsungirira, munjodzi kuna chezuva.