Urema: asi kupatsanura zvinodiwa uye mwero vakaremara. Definition yokuremara

Paakaona mumwe murume kunze muwiricheya kana mai nemaziso zvinosuruvarisa, kuedza kugamuchira kwake akasiyana nevamwe vana, tinoedza kutarisa kure uye kusateerera zvachose dambudziko. Uye ndizvo zvakanaka? Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti upenyu nezvimwewo, uye chero nguva njodzi anogona zvandapamba chero wedu kana vatinoda? Mhinduro inofanira kuva asina kunaka. Asi chokwadi ndechokuti utsinye, uye nhasi utano vanhu vanogona mangwana kuti chirema. Saka, zvingava zvinokosha kutsvaka mhinduro dzemibvunzo pamusoro kuti vanhu vakaremara, zhinji mapoka urema ikoko Anovagarisa?

Varwere vanoda kugara achitarisirwa uye rubatsiro kubva kumapati yechitatu. Vanonyanya vanoda rudo, rudo uye hanya. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti vakawanda vavo havana kushivirira kuratidzwa pasina tsitsi pachavo, uye tinofanira kuonekwa sevanhu vakaenzana.

Pari, nhamba yevanhu vari kuedza kurarama zvizere upenyu, basa, kupinda yenhandaro, usanetseka ari plesieroorde, uye zvichingodaro. D. Kutaurirana navo, chengetai kungwarira uye kwete kuisa pfungwa matambudziko avo utano.

Basic Pfungwa uye tsanangudzo

Shoko rokuti "urema" kwakatangira muLatin uye rinobva pashoko invalidus, iro anoshandura se "simba", "simba." Pfungwa iri rinoshandiswa kana zvakakodzera kuti munguva mumuviri kana nepfungwa ezvinhu munhu, izvo zvadai zvachose kana kwenguva refu nguva shoma kana zvachose kuine kuremara. Izviwo, kunoratidza kuitwa zvavakatemerwa nokuvapo upi kuremara (vachiberekwa kana vawana). Urema, akavapindurawo, kana sezvazvakanyorwa kunzi nyonganyonga iri kurasikirwa kana yakatsauka kubva ndozvakajairwa upi Zvaiitwa muviri.

Kana shoko rokuti "vakaremara", ipapo pasi sezvariri rinoreva "kwete zvinoshanda." Saka tinoti munhu achitambura routano, mwero kana yakawanda nokuputsika akasiyana mashandiro kana gadziriro muviri, inova mugumisiro chirwere kana anoita pfungwa. Somugumisiro, tinogona kutaura pamusoro chipingidzo muupenyu, inova zvakazara kana rushoma nokurasikirwa mukana kuzvitarisira, kufamba pasina rubatsiro, kupinda nhaurirano nevamwe, uye zvakajeka pfungwa dzavo, kufamba muchadenga, kudzora chiito, kuva nebasa mabasa kuti vakadzidza, basa.

Mapoka nzira urema basa iri uri conductive zvokurapa uye munzanga kuongororwa, kuona zvinhu pasi iyo dhigirii okurambidzwa yakaiswa kuita pachako.

In kutevedzana pfungwa anofanirawo kujekesa Mashoko okuti "rokuchinjwa vakaremara." Zviri hurongwa uye panguva iyo zvishoma nezvishoma kuti kuzoita zvimwe unyanzvi hwevanhu, zvakange zvinokosha veimba yake, paruzhinji uye, naizvozvovo, nyanzvi basa.

Mapoka Disability: kupatsanura uye tsanangudzo pfupi

Disability - dambudziko zvakananga kana kuti zvisina kunanga kukanganisa anenge munhu wose pasi pano. Ndokusaka hapana chakavanzika kuti kune mapoka matatu akasiyana yokuremara, kuti kupatsanura iyo kunobva papi mabasa avo kana enyika muviri, uye sei zvaimutadzisa hwomunhu kurarama wakaputsika.

A mugari rikurumbire haushandi chete pamusoro kwemamiriro zvokurapa-munzanga kuzviongorora. nhengo Commission chete angasarudza kubvuma kana nekusiyana, havashiviriri mubayiro iye munhu akaremara. Kupatsanura, iro rinoshandiswa boka nyanzvi nyanzvi anosarudza izvo uye zvakadini dzakasvikwa nemuviri aitambura chaiwo chirwere, kukuvara, etc. Kurambidzwa (kutyorwa) inoshanda inogona dziya sezvinotevera:

• Zvirwere anosangana statodynamic (injini) mashandiro anoita nhengo;
• zvinetso kukanganisa kweropa hurongwa, metabolic, kwemakemikari anobudiswa, zvomudumbu, kufema mwoyo;
• kutsinga dzinouya dysfunction;
• deviances.

Kodzero kutungamirira vagari kuti zvokurapa uye munzanga unyanzvi anazvo sangano wezvokurapa umo zvaitika, muviri basa urongwa pensions (mudyandigere Fund), uye chikwata pakupa evanhu kudzivirirwa. Uyewo, vagari kuwana zvivabatsire kuongororwa, vanofanira kugadzirira magwaro anotevera:

1. Direction nekanzuru rimwe pamusoro mvumo nezviremera. Rine zvose zvakafanira mashoko pamusoro mamiriro utano hwevanhu uye ukuru Kuvhiringidza muviri.
2. Mashoko, wakasainwa munhu achiona kuongorora kana mumiriri wake pamutemo zvakananga.
3. The magwaro ndiwo uchapupu zvaipesana utano murwere. Zvingava zvinoerera nokupeta, migumisiro paku zvidzidzo uye zvichingodaro. D.

Kusiyanisa mapoka matatu yokuremara. Kupatsanura huru zvirwere womunhu, uyewo ukuru kwokuomerwa yavo nzira dzekuziva kuti Pakusarudza izvo mapoka akatumirwa wacho. Mushure Kuongororwa uye kukurukurwa akapa mapepa mugari nyanzvi kusarudza mubvunzo kana akaremara kana kwete kuziva. In pamberi nhengo dzose chisarudzo Commission uchakumikidzwa munhu kwapfuura kuongororwa nachiremba uye munzanga, uye kana mamiriro ezvinhu kunoda, vakapiwa tsanangudzo ose anodiwa.

Uyewo zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kana munhu akapa boka urema rokutanga apiwa kuongororwa inoitwa kamwe muna 2 years. Takarongwa gore negore kuzodzosera kuongorora vanhu vane boka rechipiri uye rechitatu.

Kusara ndiyo boka urema isingaperi. Get nayo vanhu vanogona kumbotambudzika apiwa kuongorora chero nguva pachavo. Kuti vaite izvi, vanofanira chete kuti rakakodzera kushanda uye ugozvitumira gona zviremera.

The mazita zvikonzero

Kakawanda unogona kunzwa kukurukurirana kuti munhu hwakagadzwa boka yokuremara kungopa chirwere. With ichi zvakawanda kana zvishoma yakajeka. Zvisinei, hazvina kurwadza kuziva kuti pane zvimwe zvikonzero chinzvimbo ichi, izvo zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kukuvara kutendera munhu kumabasa, uyewo vamwe zvirwere Occupational ;
• akaremara kubvira pauduku: pakupona;
• urema yakauya somugumisiro kukuvara muHondo Yenyika II;
• zvirwere uye kukuvara vakagamuchira panguva rechiuto;
• urema, mhosva iyo kuzivikanwa somunhu njodzi iri chirimwa muna paChernobyl;
• Nezvimwe zvikonzero, izvo wakasiyiwa mutemo Russian Federation.

Boka rokutanga urema

Panyaya utano hwevanhu kubva nemaonero chaiko, chinonetsa ndechokuti boka yokuremara rokutanga. Ari basa avo vanozivikanwa zvinokosha yokutyora mubasa upi muviri gadziriro mumwe kana kupfuura. Zviri pamusoro soro dhigirii kwezvirwere zvakaoma kwazvo, chirwere kana kuremara, nokuti vanhu kungoti havakwanisi kuzvitarisira tisingatungamirirwi. Kunyange inokosha zviito izvozvo hazvo vanoda kunze rubatsiro.

Disability boka 1 akatasva:

• Persons vari zvachose kukwanisa kushanda (zvachose kana kwenguva) uye zvinoda kuramba Baby (hanya, rutsigiro) pamwe kumapati rechitatu.
• Persons vanotambura Zvisinei haana dzichipfekeka vanotaura mitambo muviri, asi vanogona vanoita mamwe mabasa. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vanogona kushanda chete kana vari vakasikwa uchikumbira nomumwe ezvinhu: rinokosha workshop, basa kuti vanokwanisa kuita ichinyaradzwa mumisha yavo pachavo, uye zvichingodaro ..

Uyezve, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pane zvimwe zvinodiwa kuti tsanangudzo vakaremara. Kuti pave boka rokutanga, zvinotevera ndivo:

• kushaya kukwanisa kushumira vamene;
• kutadza kufamba vakazvimiririra;
• nekuvhiri- ngika unyanzvi ari nzvimbo (nekuvhiri- ngika);
• nekusagona kukurukura nevanhu;
• kutadza kudzora maitiro avo uye kupindura nezvavaizoita.

In chii zvirwere chakasimbiswa urema boka rokutanga?

Kuti tinzwisise nei vamwe vanokwanisa kuwana mamiriro munhu vakaremara, uye vamwe vachiramba ichi, kwete zvakakwana kunyora chete ichangobva kutaurwa dzekuziva kuti kusarudza boka urema. Nhengo lääkäri-Social Commission anofanira kufunga zvimwe zvinhu uye mamiriro ezvinhu. Somuenzaniso, hamungaendi pasina kuteerera pamazita zvirwere umo munhu basa boka 1 vakaremara. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• zvakakomba mberi tiibhii ndiripo decompensated;
• harirapiki akaipa mota;
• zvirwere zvakakomba chokuita kumwoyo, uchiteverwa kukundikana dhigirii ropa kutenderera rechitatu;
• kuoma Mbabvu;
• hemiplegia kana zvakakomba pfungwa aphasia;
• schizophrenia zvakaoma. uye refu paranoid uye catatonic urwere;
• pfari, umo mune chakajairika pfari uye zvechigarire yorubvunzavaeni kuziva;
• dementia, uye panguva imwecheteyo kurasikirwa dzakaoma kunzwisisa chirwere;
• yokumusoro muzvidimbu chigutsa (somuenzaniso, kwakakwana kusavapo minwe uye nezvimwe zvakawanda zvakakomba kudimurwa);
• ari residual rorudyi;
• upofu uye zvichingodaro. d.

vagari vose, ndiani kupa nhengo Commission dzokurapa magwaro achisimbisa kuti vane chimwe zvirwere izvi, ichapiwa boka 1 vakaremara. Zvikasadaro, ichi ucharambwa.

Zvakadini boka urema rechipiri?

The boka urema rechipiri anopiwa vanhu mumuviri apo pane chakakomba dzichipfekeka vanotaura kwaizokonzerwa chirwere ichi, kukuvara kana vachiberekwa. Somugumisiro webasa hwavanhu substantially zvishoma, zvisinei, rakaramba kukwanisa vakazvimirira kuzvitarisira uye kwete kushandisa rubatsiro kunze.

It anogadza boka urema rechipiri, kana pane zvinotevera zviratidzo:

• kugona kuzvitarisira pachavo, vachishandisa zvinoyamura siyana kana rubatsiro kuduku yavose rechitatu;
• kukwanisa kufamba nokushandiswa zvinotiyamura kana mapato yechitatu;
• kutadza kuita basa basa kana kukwanisa kushanda, kana chete ichi akamisa Mamiriro ezvinhu, akapa mari inodiwa, zviri akashongedzerwa ane nzvimbo inokosha;
• kukundikana kugamuchira dzidzo vanhuwo masangano rokudzidzisa, asi susceptibility kuti kukura mashoko pachishandiswa panorongwa uye unyanzvi nzvimbo;
• Kuvapo zvevhiki unyanzvi vari muchadenga uye panguva;
• Kukwanisa kukurukura, asi pasi kushandisa dzinokosha midziyo;
• kukwanisa kudzora maitiro ake, asi pokudzora kupati rechitatu.

In chii zvirwere chakasimbiswa urema rechipiri boka?

The boka urema rechipiri chinosimbiswa kana munhu ari kutambura kubva pane zvinotevera pathologies:

• akashamiswa valvular kana myocardial II-III uye ukuru kweropa zvirwere;
• Grade II BP, izvo mberi nokukurumidza uye riri pamwe kakawanda vasospastic nematambudziko;
• fibrocavernous mberi tiibhii;
• cirrhosis of yemapapu uye cardio-pulmonary insufficiency;
• chakakomba atherosclerosis uropi ane raidudzwa zvinoderedza padanho njere;
• Kukuvara nezvimwe zvirwere uye non-zvirwere uropi, izvo vakaora nokuda pave rinoonekwa, vestibular uye gwenya muviri mabasa;
• chirwere uye musana kukuvara, zvichiguma kuita chinhu nemakumbo;
• reinfarction uye coronary insufficiency;
• pashure kuvhiyiwa vaifanira kubvisa nyanyisa mapundu mudumbu, mapapu nedzimwe nhengo;
• zvakakomba dumbu urikanwi iyerere pamwe nokurasikirwa havi;
• pfari, achiperekedzwa kakawanda pfari;
• disarticulation of hudyu;
• pechidya Chigutsa pamwe chinokosha vanotaura pamusoro gait uye nevamwe.

tsanangudzo pfupi pamusoro boka urema rechitatu

The boka urema rechitatu yakaiswa ane chinokosha rutapudzo basa kwevanhu nokuda hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka mune hurongwa uye mashandiro anoita nhengo, iyo iri kukonzerwa nezvirwere, uye siyana anatomical urema. boka iri anopa:

1. Vanhu nemhaka kurwara pane kudiwa kwokukurumidzira tichitarisa mabasa anoda unyanzvi yakaderera uye kuderedza basa mari. Somuenzaniso:
   
   ● toolmaker pamwe I-II mwero kweropa zvirwere iro mumuviri chete havagoni kuita mabasa avo nemazvo. Zvisinei, zvingaita zvakanaka kutora pambiru nomuteresi wakaisvonaka zvinhu.
   ● spinners, uyo kudimburwa 2nd, 3rd uye 4th minwe pamaoko, vanoda shanduro kuti nzvimbo kromschitsy.
   ● Higher zvinoerera Miller, BP chikuva II, vanoda shanduro nezvenzvimbo Distributor Ezvemutauro.
   ● mucheri ane chirwere che "silicosis" zvakakodzera nzvimbo ndezvangu kana kudzidzisazve.
   
   
2. Vanhu nokuda utano, kudiwa inokosha kuchinja kushanda ezvinhu pasina kuchinja basa. Izviwo, zvinoda chinokosha zvinoderedza bhuku basa uye kuderedza kurovedza. Somuenzaniso:
   
   ● Chief zveakaunzi chivimbo, iyo rakazivikanwa pamwe cerebral arteriosclerosis kuyeuka vanotaura, kudzongonyedzwa, uye zvichingodaro. E., ko ashandurwe rimwe mahofisi sangano, asi kubva panzvimbo kuchengetedza.
   ● Weaver, tichishumira michina zhinji, iyo yakawanikwa cheshuga kuti mwero zvakaoma kwazvo, zvakakodzera kuderedza uwandu michina pasi yayo basa.
   
   
3. Vanhu vakaremara kuti aite basa, umo neyamapani unyanzvi kana dzakambopinda kumbobvira vakatokurudzirwa kuroorana.
   
   
4. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, wechitatu boka yokuremara anopiwa vanhu pasinei basa mhando vakaita kunze, chero kuti vane anatomical kuremara uye deformations, uye havakwanisi kuita mabasa avo nemazvo.

urema, zvichienderana dhigirii yokuremara

Pane akasiyana dzekuziva nadzo dzinoongorora mamiriro utano hwevanhu, pahwaro vakaremara ndokwaanosimbiswa. The kupatsanura pakati zvinodiwa izvi uye dzavo chaizvo Rinopereterwa iri mutemo. Yeuka kuti panguva ino kune mapoka matatu, imwe neimwe ine yayo chaiyo zvinhu.

Tsanangudzo yeboka rekuremara rinofanira kugadziriswa kumurwere ibasa rakananga remhuri dzehutano uye hutano hwehutano. Zvisinei, inofanira kuonekwa zvakare kuti ITU inotarisawo kukosha kwesimba rebasa romunhu akaremara.

Dhigirii yekutanga inofunga kuti munhu wacho anokwanisa kuita basa rebasa, asi pamamiriro ezvinhu kuti chiyeuchidzo chichaderedzwa, uye basa harizodi kushandiswa kushandiswa kwekuedza. Chechipiri inopa kuti munhu anogona kushanda, asi nokuda kweizvi anofanira kuumba mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo uye kupa mazano anobatsira anobatsira. Vanhu vakave vakaonekwa neimwe yezvidigiri izvi vakagoverwa boka rinoshanda rekuremara.

Kusiyana nemaviri maviri okutanga, dhigirii rechitatu rekugona basa rinoreva kusakwanisa kuita basa rebasa. Vanhu avo vakagoverwa dhigirii iyi neIUU vanopiwa boka risina kushanda reremara.

Chikamu "vana vakaremara"

Chikwata chevana vakaremara chinosanganisira vana nevechiri kuyaruka pasi pezera remakore gumi nemasere uye vane hurema hwakakosha, izvo zvinoguma nekuremara kwekukura, kusakwanisa kutaura, kudzidza, kudzora maitiro avo, kufamba nekuzvimirira nekuita basa remangwana. Sezvo mutemo, huwandu hwezvirongwa hwakanyorwa pasi neIUU yemwana akaremara:

• Imba yekusingaperi kana yenguva pfupi mumasangano akaumbwa evana vakadaro;
• Kudzidzisa mumwe nomumwe;
• Kupa mwana (kana zvichidikanwa) nemichina chaiyo uye midziyo yekubatsira kuti uone hupenyu hwehupenyu;
• Kugadziriswa kwechirongwa chekurapa (iyo purogiramu yechipatara uye urefu hwekugara mairi inoratidzwa);
• Inotsanangura maitiro ekugadzirisa matanho, nezvimwewo.