The yakasiyana mumuviri uye makemikari zvivako emvura

"In bhati uye sauna, nguva dzose uye kwose kwose - kubwinya kusingaperi kwemvura!" - nhetembo idzi Korney Chukovsky kubvira pauduku. Water ari pose pose. Mumuviri makemikari zvivako emvura nevamwe, uye izvi hazvisi mashoko asina maturo. Kuwedzera nezvainoita upenyu ose muviri mhenyu (tose akaumbwa mvura), kuti parameters okunze, okunze njodzi, kuchinja panyika kwakaita nzvimbo yacho runowanzotaurwa nezvarwo mvura. mazizaya kuuya kure mumakore Ice Age akaumba contours kweEurope ano. The dzenzvimbo nyanza itibatsire tembiricha mumakondinendi ose.

Munhu wose anoziva kuti mvura inogona emura - mvura pacharo, yakasimba - chando, uye gaseous mamiriro - mhute. Sezvo Chokwadi ichi hakusi. Special mumuviri uye kwemakemikari zvivako emvura, kusiyana maitiro vamwe zvine maatomu akafanana, kunyatsobatsira vazhinji kwemasayendisiti kuti musiwa Earth.

Kana tikatarisa nhoroondo, tinogona kuona muenzaniso anonakidza. Medieval masayendisiti akaedza kuita ndarama nesimbi siyana, uye zvivako chainge chakagadzirwa nesimbi tinongogara vainyatsoongorora, asi zvinoshamisa ehupfumi dzemvura pfungwa ichangopfuura.

Makore 200 apfuura vanhu vaidavira mvura kuti une imwe namakemikari Kufananidzira, kemikari remubatanidzwa haisi rehydrogen uye oxygen. Humanity ratova ari kuvaka Hydroelectric simba pazviteshi, locomotives, zvikepe, mvura simba rave richishandiswa mumaindasitiri zhinji uye upenyu hwezuva nezuva, uye mamiriro mvura yave akadzidza zvishoma. Makore 80 chete kare isotopic mvura kwokubatana akasvinudzwa.

Ngatitarisei muudzame mumuviri uye zvemakemikari zvivako mvura. Kunze nyore H2O mamorekuru - hydrologo anozivikanwa kune mvura vari kuumbwa digidroli (H2O) 2 uye trigidroli (H2O) 3. The musiyano yeimwe izvi ndechokuti mumwe nomumwe wavo rine hakuna mumwe asi vaviri kana vatatu mvura mamorekuru. On ezvinhu mvura kunoenderana uwandu yeimwe izvi mairi.

Kana mvura tembiricha shanduko zvazvingava anochinja ose morekuru inofamba, saka kuchinja kure pakati mamorekuru uye chikamu zviri akasiyana aggregates. The chiutsi ine zvikurukuru pamusoro hydrological, ichi imhaka kumhanya kufamba mamorekuru vari mhute wehurumende, izvo zvinoita kuti tikwanise kuumba kura marongerwo. Ice pamusoro zvinopesana, kunyanya unotora trigidroli (60%), zvinogona kunzi kuti hydrologo kushanda kwete. Mvura yaro sezvamunoita ane nomumwe zviyero, asi zvinonzi hunodzorwa digidroli.

Water zviri sechivako yekudyidzana kukanganisa arambe achirema ayo akasiyana anoti. Ice arambe achirema zvishoma kupfuura arambe achirema mvura. Naizvozvo, aizi rinowanikwa pamusoro pemvura miviri mvura Panyika. Vagere gungwa uye rwizi yakadzika regai -oma, anovadzivirira nechando gobvu rukoko echando.

Mvura ndiyo zvakasikwa solvent. The dielectric kuramba rinotsanangura mano chero fuma wokuparadza, uye saka mvura mutengo uyu kakawanda kupfuura kuti ane Vacuum, tisingatauri mhepo. Mvura yaro chaiyoiyo chimiro haawaniki zvakasikwa, zviri mumakungwa kare akawanikwa anopfuura 80 kwokubatana kwemvura zvakasiyana zvemamiriro periodic hurongwa. Saka, mvura rinoreva nheyo upenyu pasi redu.

Kakawanda, zviri vaidavira kuti solubility - iri pfuma mvura, wakakodzera isu zvava uko. Solubility zvinobatsira nokukurumidza kubvisa muviri dongo uye zvishandiswezve zvinhu uye panguva imwe chete inoita kuti anunure zvakakodzera siyana dzomuviri.

Asi iyi yakati kukanganwa pamusoro kupisa vanokwanisa. Chokwadi kuti yakadereresa kukuru mvura weveta tembiricha pa 37 Celsius. Uye zvichida chaiyo kupisa simba rakawanda nokuti kuchinja zvishoma, kureva kuti tembiricha ndiyo inokosha mhuka inodziya-ropa rechiJudha chairo uye murume. Izvi mumuviri uye makemikari zvivako emvura kuchikosha kukanganisa upenyu vose. Kana muviri hausi mvura yakakwana, munhu anotanga kuva simbe, anganzwa nzwa dzungu, kwemasayendisiti kuitika mumuviri DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA. Naizvozvo, kazhinji zvakakwana kunwa girazi mvura kamwe zvakare kunzwa mu chimiro.