The nenzvimbo nzvimbo Caucasus, nharaunda, dzinongoitika mamiriro

The nenzvimbo nzvimbo Caucasus achiri nyaya makakatanwa pakati pemasayendisiti. Pamusoro pazvo, ndiro muganhu pakati Europe uye Asia. Asi apo chaizvo ndipo Cordon? Kana taifunga kuti kumaodzanyemba mezvikomo, chikuru muupenyu Europe ndiro Mount Elbrus. Asi kana muganhu anomhanya achitevedza Main Caucasian muhomba, ari Mont Blanc. Izvi nyika makomo chinoshanda chaizvo. Munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dziri Caucasus kwakasimbiswa yayo ekunze. nzvimbo idzi akasiyana kwakaita nzvimbo yacho uye hunhu. Munyaya ino isu hunonyatsodonongodza pamusoro zviso vazhinji Caucasus gomo hurongwa.

Location pamepu yenyika

Ko nharaunda iri Eurasia pakati peGungwa Dema uye Sea Azov kumadokero uye reCaspian kumabvazuva. Kuchamhembe kuCaucasus kunosvika wakapamhama East European Plain. Ichi chikuru, makomo ane yayo vakasiyana dzinongoitika miganhu. The nenzvimbo nzvimbo Caucasus pakati pamakungwa maviri yeAtlantic Ocean uye nyika guru inouraya nyanza kweGungwa reCaspian iroro kuti kumadokero uye nechokumabvazuva miganhu yegomo mamiriro anonyatsooneka kuoneka. Uye zvakadini rwokumusoro uye kunyanya rwezasi hakusi nyore. Kuma-Manych mwoyo nhema mundima kubva kweGungwa reCaspian kusvikira Azov uye Kerch Strait. Zvinonzi vaiona kuchamhembe muganhu eCaucasus. Kumaodzanyemba ino anoenda pakunwa mumakomo kweTurkey uye Iran. Border inogona kupatsanurwa kuti vabatisise kune yaimbova Soviet State Cordon munharaunda. Zvino kubva Georgia, Armenia neAzerbaijan. Muganhu wokumaodzanyemba anomhanya pamwe kuputika Armenian ebani, rwizi Araks uye kuuya Mountains Talysh.

Geotectonics pamepu

The nenzvimbo nzvimbo Caucasus anotaura kunonyatsopupurira nezvokuti gomo iri kuwanda ndiyo chikamu Alpine-eHimalaya bhandi. Pane kuchiri kuenderera tectonic basa, kunyange zvazvo kusina anoputika. Maererano kuvakwa geomorphological Caucasus rakakamurwa ina orographic mudunhu. Ngatitarisei navo beach.

Kuchamhembe kure riri Ciscaucasian pachena, iyo kunosvika akasiyana kanyika pamusoro Azov kusvikira kuGungwa reCaspian. Uyezve kumaodzanyemba, makomo kupa nzira shoma zvikomo. On the Big Caucasian muhomba chiri chikuru hurongwa nenhongonya - Elbrus uye Kazbek. Izvi nharaunda yakakura anewo pachake zvachiri. South kwayo ndiko Transcaucasian mwoyo. Inoitwa pakati Kura-Araks pamapani uye Colchis. Ivowo chinjana Transcaucasian Highlands. It, akavapindurawo, iri muzvikamu zviviri. Izvi gomo siyana Muduku Caucasus uye Javakheti-Armenian Highland.

Mune zvematongerwo enyika mepu dzenyika

South of Main Caucasus Range vari akazvimirira uye uchangamire ezvinhu Georgia, Armenia neAzerbaijan. North wemakomo eJudhiya maigara Russian Federation. Panewo rinozviti chinoda of Caucasus: South Ossetia, Abkhazia uye Nagorno-Karabakh. ramangwana ravo, kufanana enyika varipo chinzvimbo, ndiye kujeka chaizvo. The Russian Federation ari munzvimbo anoverengeka miganhu masangano. Kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero ndiye Stavropol uye Krasnodar nenharaunda. Vari kuzivikanwa dzisina kumatunhu Russia. Kuchamhembe-mabvazuva akadaro zvionera Caucasian chinoda mukati Russian Federation sezvo Adygea, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria, muBosnia, muChechnya, North Ossetia uye Karachay-Cherkessia. National Zvinoumba vemo munyika idzi rakanyatsojeka mavara. Rinoshanda nguva dzakasiyana-siyana Inter-kurwisana kwemarudzi. Hot makwapa pakati Caucasus vaiva muBosnia, muChechnya, South Ossetia, Dagestan, Ingushetia. Nagorno-Karabakh ichiri nharo ndima pakati seArmenia neAzerbaijan.

Kumatunhu kuCaucasus gomo siyana

The hombe Kureba muhomba kwakaita kuti chokwadi kuti mumwe nomumwe wavo ine tsaukana zvinhu. Saka, makomo anogona kugoverwa kwete chete pane kuchamhembe, nechepakati uye kumaodzanyemba, asiwo Eastern uye Western eCaucasus. Kana tikafunga huru muhomba, ipapo zvinokwanisika chokubvisa chikamu kuti rinotanga Absheron Peninsula achisimuka Kazbek. Izvi East eCaucasus. The nechepakati mapazi ari mumitsetse yacho compressed zvakasimba, Kupatsanura Range (huru) uye lateral zviparadzanise kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba dzenyika. A Western eCaucasus rinotanga Taman Peninsula zvishoma nezvishoma inokwira kuna Elbrus (5642 mamita pamusoro pegungwa). Duku chinokosha, pakati maviri panhongonya dzawo kwegomo eJudhiya, yakaomerera zvose vamwe zviuru zvishanu metres: Dykhtau, Mijirghi, Jangi-Vangararai, Pushkin, Koshtantau, Shkhara. Mumwe nomumwe izvi kupfuura Mont Blanc Alps (4807 m).

Zvikanganiso Caucasus

South of Main (kupatsanura) Range kunosvika kubvira kugungwa kusvikira kugungwa, hombe mwoyo zvokuyamura. Pano vari dzinounzwa kumatunhu kuCaucasus, sezvo nyoro Colchis mumupata kumadokero uye yakaoma Alazan uye Kura-Araz pabani riri kumabvazuva. Asi kumaodzanyemba deflections zvakare kukwira mugomo. submeridional naRiki Range chete rinobatanidza Caucasus Greater pamwe Small. Zita yokupedzisira arege kutsausa munhu. Chokwadi, kumusoro Muduku Caucasus muduku Kazbek uye Elbrus. Asi pano Mount Ararat (5165 m). Ndicho yakakwirira Asia Minor. Pane munharaunda iyi yakawanda nenhongonya pamusoro Alpine Mont Blanc. Zvikanganiso eCaucasus akamonyanisa 600-kiromita chinhu chakakombama. A yakawanda anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri kwayo vane kukwirira 2-3 makiromita. Ivo dzakaparadzaniswa yakadzika intermountain nembiya. To rwezasi gomo neeSultan akatambanudza yakakura Javakheti-Armenian Highland. Inoitwa kuputika anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri nenzvimbo dzakakwirira vakatema ne zvakadzama canyons. The yakakwirira nharaunda iyi - Aragats (4090 m).

gomo wemuTesitamende zasi uko painoguma

The nenzvimbo nzvimbo Caucasus zvokuti zvakaoma kuona kumuganhu. In rwezasi-kumabvazuva anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri dziri zvishoma kutamira muMakomo Talysh, nokugumisa Lenkoran mumupata pedyo neGungwa (28 mamita pazasi wegungwa) reCaspian. Kumaodzanyemba uye kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero Zvikanganiso Caucasus inopfuura muna Alborz gomo siyana. Chain kuchamhembe Iran ndiyo chikamu Pontic makomo muAsia Minor. Saka, tinogona kutaura kuti kumaodzanyemba Muganhu pegomo siyana ndiyo Lankaran nebani uye Talish makomo Alborz wemakomo eJudhiya.

Caucasian marudzi

nharaunda iyi inogarwa anenge mashanu madzinza. Uye mumwe nomumwe wavo akasika rakasiyana tsika dzayo. Zvikurukuru heterogeneous mune dzinza sezvamunoita ndiye North Caucasus (Russia). nharaunda iri kugarwa Kabardian, Adygei, Cherkess, Shapsugs, Chechens, Ingush, Batsbi, Tsakhurs, Tabasaran, Rutuls, Lezgins, Laks, Dargin, Aguls, vaAvar. Panewo vanhu vanotaura tumitauro of Altai mutauro mhuri. It Nogai, truhmeny, Kumyks Karachai, Balkars, Meskhetian vokuTurkey. Transcaucasia ari inogarwa Georgians, vokuArmenia, Azerbaijanis. Asi dzinza Zvinoumba chinoda izvi zvakare heterogeneous. Pakati vamiririri titular marudzi venyika idzi pane Abkhazians, Ossetians, Tats, Talysh, Mountain vaJudha, Yezidis, Kurds, vaAsiria. Akazopinda dzavanhu vagara munzvimbo kare pagomo rino mucheto. Ichi Russian, Ukrainians, vaGiriki, vaJudha, Tatars nevamwe. Zvitendero makuru Islam (sezvo Shia uye Sunni) uye Orthodox.

zvizivikanwe nemichina mamiriro ezvinhu

Caucasus ndima yezvokwadi zviri muna Alpine-eHimalaya bhandi. Nzvimbo Iri Mobile chaizvo. Naizvozvo, kakawanda kudengenyeka eCaucasus. Yakawedzera zvizivikanwe nemichina basa munzvimbo kunotungamirira kuti kumakomo nokuda convergence pamusoro tectonic mahwendefa vachikura hafu sendimita pagore. Panguva iyoyowo pamapani achawa zvakawanda. Izvi hakusi kutsanya - kubva maviri nhanhatu millimeters pagore. Zvikuru kakawanda kudengenyeka kuCaucasus, kutaura zvazviri kuchamhembe-kumavirira Armenian dzakakwirira. Wokupedzisira akadaro dzinongoitika dzoga, izvo kwakauraya zviuru zvevanhu, kwakaitika muna 1988. Mountain eCaucasus nokuda kwayo yakakwirira zvizivikanwe nemichina basa iri pasi kakawanda avalanches, mazizaya uye mudflows. kudengenyeka kwenyika Small kukonzera rockfalls uye Madhaka. Soft sediments akashambidza nehova uye nemamwe maitiro Kuparara. Saka akaumba mumapako. Ndivo kunyanya vazhinji kuchamhembe chikamu Caucasus Greater. Zvakakwana kuyeuka Vorontsov bako hurongwa, New Athos, Snow Mukaha (ayo udzamu - 1370 m), Lago-Naki rwenze.

The dzinotaurwa Caucasus

Izvi nyika makomo riri kumuganhu subtropical uye vakadzikama dzinongoitika zvikamu. Ungati kuti: rusvingo rurefu, unova Caucasus pacharo okunze-dzichiumbwa chinhu. Nenhongonya-nezvishanu metres zvakanaka zvinenge kumaodzanyemba mujinga mhepo inotonhora. Panguva iyoyowo hwokumusoro mezvikomo Caucasian achipfeka zvose bara yakaderera tembiricha. Zvikurukuru achirova musiyano iri okunze unhu akacherechedza muchando. Kana ari Russian chikamu makomo dziri inorema snowfalls kuCaucasus chinoda anotonga yakajeka, yakaoma uye ushamwari ekunze. Zvechokwadi, mune makomo akakura kudaro vakachengeta dzemakomo wongoramba. On the nenhongonya yegore chando. Below lichens mapazi uye mosses yakatsiva YOMUMAKOMO wemarudzi, coniferous uye Deciduous musango. Uye mipata zvichifadza ziso pamwe zvakasvibirira miti yakasvibira subtropical zvinomera.

eCaucasus nzizi

Water nharaunda arteries vane gomo hunhu kuyerera, uye naizvozvo basa rinokosha mune simba zvekutepfenyura. Zvinofanira akati kuti kuchamhembe mujinga kuCaucasus sandara, elongated, apo rwezasi - kumawere uye precipitous. Kwakadaro rokuyamura zvainoita rwizi. Kuchamhembe regomo nyika, vanova sandara hunhu. Somuenzaniso, Don. Kuban - chikuru kurukova North eCaucasus. Asi pane munharaunda iyi ine makomo kutsanya uye hwekutambudzika hova. Izvi chikuru kuti Kura uye Terek. ECaucasus nzizi ndezvaJehovha nembiya kwemakungwa matatu, iyo andikomberedze yamakomo. Terek, Aras, Kura, Kuma uye Sulak dzinoyerera muGungwa reCaspian. Kuva kuGungwa Black bheseni waterways akadai Bzyb, Kodori, Inguri, Rioni. Azov chekugutsa Don, Kuban. Kudeuka dhamu mudunhu iri Sevan.

Nature eCaucasus

Makomo inoshamisa-siyana nharaunda. Pane subtropical pamapani anezvimiti, gobvu masango nemisipiresi, boxwood miti, nechomujinga Mafuro. At rebei kureba mamita anopfuura zviuru zvitatu iri hunodzorwa lichens uye mosses. Permafrost inotanga pa 3,500 metres pamusoro pegungwa. The mezvikomo wokumusoro kuCaucasus kutonhora. Vertical zonation pamusoro dzakatenuka idzi ichazivikanwa noku chimbichimbi kuchinja zvikamu. chando Muganhu muna North eCaucasus kuvatumwa kumaodzanyemba - panguva kumativi 2800 metres pamusoro pegungwa. Mountain Fauna of nharaunda inoda kudzivirirwa. Lynx uye Caucasian neingwe iri vava kuda kutsakatika. A chizvarwa mhando bison, Stony uye Tigers anyangarika zvachose. Asi zvakadaro kure, anowanikwa mugomo mumipata yose mabheya, mhuka musii, chamois uye nezvikara namakondobwe. Kana nemiti, kuCaucasus Unonzi nzvimbo yechizvarirwo vaRafa hogweed. Muna 1890, akaendeswa kuna Europe somunhu Sora chirimwa. Kubvira ipapo anonzi aiva nengozi uye hasha neophyte.

Recreational mikana Caucasus

Nharaunda iri pakati vatatu wezasi makungwa. Pakanga yaakagadzira munyoro okunze, kuchinja kubva unozvidzora kune subtropical. Marefu kusika zvakasiyana-siyana zvikuru nharaunda. Fast ruchiyerera nzizi vanoda akakukoka Rafting. izvi zvose zvinoita Caucasus mugomba kuzvivaraidza nzvimbo. Asi pano haugoni chete kumbofema asiwo rokuporesa. Izvi zvinoita kuti yakawanda chicherwa mvura izvo akaumba namatombo. Nyika yose anoziva zvizivikanwe "Borjomi", iro kunze kwenyika Georgia. Asi haazivani kuzvivaraidza zviwanikwa uye North eCaucasus. Kislovodsk, Mineralnye Vody, Georgievsk, Zheleznovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Yessentuki, Lermontov - uyai maguta zvose izvi riri Stavropol mudunhu. Zolsky District (Kabardino-Balkaria) iri rakakurumbira Narzanov Tambukan uye hunorapa madhaka mudhamu.