Kudeuka Freshwater dhamu munyika reserves mvura - Lake Baikal

Natural mumadziva, vakazadzwa mvura yakachena, kuva pamusoro nguva kuwedzera ukoshi chavanhu sezvo kukonzera kukuvara yakawandisa ikoroji vanoshingaira zvoupfumi basa.

The zvakawanda zviri pachena kuti chishamiso ndiye Baikal - chikuru Freshwater nyanza munyika reserves mvura yokunwa yakachena.

How kuongorora?

By Inzirai zvinofanira dzinoongororwa wechisikigo chinhu, sezvinoita mudziva, kuti ape mumwe "zvikuru" title? Chief pakati izvi ndizvo chitsama mvura yakachena kuti rine. Zviri mupfungwa iyi zvakasikwa dura aumba somugumisiro masimba kuti kushandura pechiso nyika. In ichi zvinoumba Baikal - Zvechokwadi chikuru Freshwater nyanza munyika. By nharaunda, zviri muduku mugirazi matanhatu reservoirs iri munharaunda dzakasiyana dzenyika, asi kunyange kupfuura pavo - Lake Zvinzvimbo, riri pamusoro North America kondinendi, ane ruzha hafu sezvo zvikuru. Ichi muviri mvura, chikamu Lakes Mukuru, zviri pachena zvinoonekwa kubva muchadenga, asi kunyange pamwe kuine yakawanda mvura duku pane mudziva.

gungwa mbiri

Sezvo zvakanaka kuoneka muchadenga kunoongorora, zvave refu rakashevedzwa Siberians gungwa. Sezvo zvisingatomboiti gungwa, muna Baikal ane bays, mumatambudziko uye the reef nzvimbo Peninsula uye chitsuwa archipelagos (zvitsuwa zvose 27), uye chitsuwa - Olkhon - ane makubhiti 12 km kunosvika nokureba 71? Km.

Baikal - yakasiyana zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza ezvinhu zvakatangwa kuti achengetere 20% yenyika reserves mvura yakachena (vhoriyamu wayo - 23 600 mamita ^3). Giant kirisendi kureba vanenge 620? Km ane kunonyanyisa makubhiti 79 metres uye kunonyanyisa nokudzika, akayera vachibatsirwa hydrological zviridzwa ano ndiyo 1642 m. Ndiro huru pane Freshwater nyanza munyika zvakadzama. Kunyange avhareji kudzika kwegungwa - vanenge 740 metres - kupfuura kufadza ose makuru Freshwater reservoirs rwokuzvarwa mavambo.

Kuputika basa kuti akaperekedza paumbwe Baikal bheseni, akasimudza yose yakapoteredza nzvimbo pa 455 M pamusoro pegungwa, uye pasi mwoyo akarova 1186,5 M pazasi ichi sandara, saka, pakati zvose zvepanyika Continental nemidziyo yake kunokukura zvishoma.

Nenguvo dzakarukwa zvakanaka zvirire maitiro

A yakasiyana zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza ezvinhu, unomedurirwa chikuru Freshwater nyanza munyika - iri tsime vakafunga panze uye mwero Zvinoumba anoverengeka zvinowanikwa kumwe. Chief pakati pavo - Epischura baicalensis - Baikalian epishura - planktonic crustaceans mhuka kukura rimwe nehafu millimeters, vakapfuura Baikalian mvura anobvisa organics, zvichiita chaizvo yakachena uye akapfuma okisijeni.

Kunyanya mvura njenjemera in spring, kana rine zvishoma pamusoro algae, uye ipapo kusiyanisa pakati mari pamusoro 30-mita udzamu kunogona chete kudzivisa murombo chiratidzo.

Cold uye akachena mvura kwakazara kupfuura Freshwater nyanza munyika - .. The dzinogarisana pamusoro nemamwe marudzi hove, vakawanda vacho vari endemic, kureva kuwanikwa chete muna Lake Baikal, kupfuura inozivikanwa zvavo kunozivikanwa Arctic cisco. Endemics vanoumba ruzhinji pakati peshiri zhinji uye mhuka.

nyaya

Kudzidza mabwe anoumba Baikal mbiya, masayendisiti vaisabvumirwa nharo nenguva yokuberekwa Baikal. Vamwe vanoti kupfuura Freshwater kwegungwa rakaumbwa makore anenge mamiriyoni 20 apfuura munyika, vamwe vanoti kuti gungwa haana kurarama nguva yakareba kudaro - anopfuura zviuru gumi apfuura, ivo kunotozongoita akazara silt uye kurichinja kuva doro. Vanopikisa ona ichi sezvo chimwe chikonzero kutaura pamusoro exclusivity zvakasikwa chinhu.

No sekwaserera Shanduro akaisa mberi "mwana" makore Lake Baikal ari 5-8 zviuru. Years, dzatinogona kwakadaro nenzira zvinoshingaira zvizivikanwe nemichina basa mberi munzvimbo yacho Baikal nharaunda.

madzinza Local iro zita kuruboshwe "Barghouti" vaiva vokutanga kugara pamhenderekedzo Baikal. Vakanga yatsiviwa Buryats, mutauro kuti uye shoko yava kunzi kupfuura Freshwater nyanza munyika. Zita Baikal - iri ennobled ne Cossacks Russian, vakafamba kusvikira kuGungwa Siberian ari XVII remakore, Buryat "Baigal". Pakati zhinji zvichirehwa shoko - "ane simba vakamira mvura", "akapfuma moto", "naMwari, mukuru muviri mvura," nezvimwewo ...

Chinhu chikuru - kuchengeta

Kunyange munguva Soviet, dambudziko yakasviba kwegungwa kwazvo akatanga kutora anovhundutsa zvikuru. Akavaka pamahombekombe arwo bepa chigayo rava kwete chete tsime kusvibisa akachena Baikal mvura tsvina, asi mhaka kwemiti chacho Mahombekombe emisidhari masango, izvo zvaiva zvinetso zvakakomba zvikuru nokuda zvinomera nemhuka Baikal nharaunda.

Chimwe chinetso - kuvapo pakati anopfuura 330 zvechigarire mutero kweLake Baikal zvakadai nzizi huru sezvo Selenga, vakatakura muna Baikal wastewater mumaguta makuru Mongolia uye Baikal nharaunda.

Zvisinei, chikuru kutyisidzira - tsika mokusvinwa zviwanikwa vanoonekwa akasununguka zvemarudzi ose pakarepo purofiti pasina kufunga nezveremangwana. Kwete richakunda mafungiro ichi kwezvakatipoteredza, hazvibviri tariro neramangwana riri nani. Baikal - zvakare yakachena inokosha nedhaimani, vakaisawo kubudikidza Russia uye nyika, kwete kuedza kuzoiponesa.