Countries - ASEAN nhengo: Pamazita

Wechisere August 1967, gore iri kuSoutheast Asian kwapera pamwe rinoti musangano rimwe chete. Countries - ASEAN vechikamu kuzivikanwa maviri mitemo zvinangwa Association: Kuti inoita kuti pave netsika uye socio-upfumi co-kushanda nhengo dzesangano uye nokusimbaradza runyararo uye nokugarika kuSoutheast Asia.

The kutevedzana hwokupinda

Pakutanga, nhengo Association vaiva vashanu: Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, Philippines. Chete muna 1984, nyika - ASEAN vatori vechikamu vakatora kupinda kwayo kuhondo yacho State of Brunei Darussalam.

Muna 1995, Vietnam chakawedzerwa muna 1997 - Myanmar uye Laos, uye muna 1999 - Kambozhda. Panguva iyoyo, nyika - nhengo ASEAN une nhengo gumi vake Association. Plus Papua - New Guinea pamwe mamiriro rinokosha mucherechedzi.

zvinangwa Association

The sangano aiva basa chose kuoma, pamwe vazhinji okuti: kuzodzosera remunharaunda muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano munyika zvoupfumi uye enyika Nhongonya multi-polar nyika, uye zviri basa uyu akanga achitungamirira, zvakakodzera kuumba zvokutengeserana mapazi uye mari mapazi vakasununguka.

Asi izvi hazvibviri pasina kutanga chete mari uye pakusika renguva pamwero upfumi kwezvivako mhando. Uye kuita zvose pamusoro apa, zvakakodzera kuumba rinokosha utariri mamiriro. Kubvira ipapo, uye kwakasarudzwa kutanga.

The dambudziko 1997

mari Global uye zvemari dambudziko muna 1997, vaisagona kukundikana kukanganisa Southeast Asia. Countries - ASEAN nhengo vakapfuura bvunzo, nokuti dambudziko akanga inokanganisa zvoupfumi uye enyika kosi. Zvishoma zvishoma akaenda Singapore uye Brunei, asi ivo zvemarudzi ose nematambudziko kwemakore maviri. Dzimwe nyika hunoumba ASEAN vave vava kuda kubuda Association.

Zvisinei, "munhu gumi" akaramba mutemo kusangana mu nokure upfumi, kutyora bvunzo uye kusimbisa kutsunga haana kusiya hafu-nzira zvirongwa. kurwisa kwavo mubayiro pakazopera 1999, vakawanda kunaka dzinoitwa akakwanisa kukunda, uye, kunze yose, zvakanga kuoneka kunyange kutanga zvimwe zvoupfumi kukura, iyo yakasvika zvishoma isingasviki mitanhatu muzana muna 2000.

mamiriro

The mukuru mutumbi sangano, iyo yakavambwa kunyika iri ASEAN - musangano Namachinda State nehurumende, avo vanosarudza mibvunzo yose mikuru yaiunganidzwa Association. Tinotarisira uye rinoronga mabasa Musangano Wegore Negore, riri rakaitirwa Ushumiri Foreign sandara, mune imwe neimwe nyika zvinozoita (CFM). Utungamiriri kuitika iri riitwe richimire komiti, sachigaro nokuda Gurukota Foreign Affairs munyika apo panguva hwakarongwa inotevera Vashumiri Council.

Mukuwedzera, muguta Jakarta kunoramba kushanda Secretariat, dzinotungamirirwa Munyori General. In ose nzvimbo yebasa kushanda specialized makomiti gumi. Mugadziriro of ASEAN nhengo munyika, inova mazita apa, rinoitwa pamusoro zviitiko mazana matatu pagore. The pamutemo framework yakarwirwa muna 1976 (Bali Treaty zvokutsigira ushamwari uye pamwe muna South-East Asia).

upfumi

Area upfumi muSoutheast Asia vari panjodzi huru, saka nyika yose Association vakaita mutsetse uri mazvake uye kusangana, pahwaro yesungano pamusoro pakagadzwa vakasununguka dzaishandiswa nzvimbo (AFTA), Pakuumbwa Agreement pamusoro dzine mari (waAya) uye Basic Agreement pamusoro maindasitiri co-kushanda Zvirongwa (Aiko) .

Sezvo kukura chirongwa ane refu pfungwa, izvo yakataurwa nyanzvi eDare achitungamirira masayendisiti uye vezvematongerwo enyika, vanamuzvinabhizimisi nevatungamiriri vemauto, ASEAN anoronga vabudirire yepamusoro kusangana kupfuura European Union. Uye ichi: tichibatanidza rwezvemabhengi States zvakakwana rakabatana muchiuto uye mapurisa yose Association, zvakajairika Office, kufanana vatorwa mutemo, uye sayenzi neruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu. Uye ichi hachisi zvose urongwa Makavakwa akazvimutsira nyika yose ASEAN. List kuti asati achiudza, asi zvinhu zvose zvinobvira.

AFTA

The kupfuura Consolidated muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano munyika Asian, Kubatanidzwa chete hupfumi zvinangwa - ndiye ASEAN Free Trade Area. Zviri "zvaibva" musangano rechina hurumende misoro ehurumende muna 1992. Pakutanga kwaiva munyika nhanhatu chete, uye hazvina kusvikira 1996, apo mukova kuna AFTA ASEAN akabatanidzwa Vietnam. Zvishoma nezvishoma kusvikira 1999, gore murwiyo akasimuka gumi kuvashanu.

Iyo nyika dziri nhengo ASEAN - anozivikanwa. Uye chii chimwe anogona kubatana Association munguva yemberi iri pedyo? Papua - New Guinea apo kuyeva tarisiro. A vakasununguka wezvokutengeserana nzvimbo akasikwa aine ziso rimwe Sub-remunharaunda zvokutengeserana, kuwedzera intra-ASEAN kutengeserana. kwakadaro wezvokutengeserana kukura zvinhu zvakanga itibatsire makwikwi pachavo upfumi hwavo. Plus iyi - nenzvimbo enyika uye riine pamwe yakadaro kunyange zvishoma dzakabudirira nyika muSouth-East Asia.

CEPT

Zone akasununguka zvokutengeserana kunoda ezvoupfumi zviridzwa inokosha. ASEAN ane chibvumirano pane chimwe inobudirira zvaunoda mutero (CEPT). All pokuita nyika dzakasaina chibvumirano pamusoro Singapore kumusangano muna 1992. Chakagamuchirwa nokuda CEPT zano rinokamukana zvigadzirwa zvose muzvikamu zvina. Chokutanga - pamwe pachiyero tariffs, kuti kuderedzwa maererano kuipa kana nokukurumidza purogiramu. Ichi boka mishonga iri 88% of chinhu Nomenclature vose ASEAN kunyika uye chichiri kuwedzera.

Zvinotevera mhando mbiri zvinhu dzakundwa mazita. Mumwe wavo nhumbi kuti zvinokosha kuti Nat. kuchengeteka, kudzivirirwa yetsika, utano uye upenyu kwevanhu, uyewo miti nemhuka zvakazonaka uye kasvisto, vose zvinoyevedza, matongo uye munhoroondo ukoshi. Chechipiri chikamu mishonga kuti caffeine haritorwi rutapudzo pakati tariffs, pamusoro chikonzero ari wechipfuwo upfumi, pamwe inopa vachiwana kuderera kwenhamba nenhumbi dzakadaro. Muchikwata chechina - Agricultural hazvo - pakutanga risingabatanidzwi CEPT zano zvachose. Asi muna 1995, rinorondedzerwa chaiwo ezvinhu kuti kuderera kwemitambo tariffs, zvikwata izvi chigadzirwa.

Industrial mushandirapamwe

Kuwedzera makwikwi kwenhumbi anogadzirwa ASEAN mudunhu, uye, naizvozvo, kuti akwezve mari kuti nharaunda, idzva siyana maindasitiri pamwe kunge zvinobatanidzwa. Basic Agreement (Aiko) ASEAN nhengo nyika akasaina muna 1996, gore.

Pasi zano iri, Aiko rinotarisirwa waidzora kugadzirwa, kuwedzera kune mishonga kuti vanobatanidzwa pamwechete pamazita vasabatanidzwe pasi Chibvumirano CEPT. Zvino ari chete kureva maindasitiri kugadzira, asi vakaronga kupindira mune mamwe upfumi. Uye nhamba parameters mu maindasitiri pamwe mapurogiramu rakachinjwa. Zvava zvizhinji zvikuru kushandiswa mutero uye nevasiri nzira.

zvinangwa Aiko

Chokutanga, kosi rakatorwa kukura okuwana kuwedzera uye unhu mari muna ASEAN nyika kubva kunyika yechitatu, iyo kudzamisa ose kusangana, kuwedzera yomunyika kutengeserana, Kusimudzira kwezvinhu nechigadziko, kukunda mumusika nyika pamwe yemakwikwi zvigadzirwa, kusimudzirwa, kukura private vachida. Zvimiso pakasikwa boka idzva rimwe nerimwe kwaiva chikamu makambani zviviri kubva kunyika dzakasiyana pamberi dzinenge matatu muzana guru renyika.

Rinotibatsira siyana zvaunofarira - zvaunoda mutero prices kubva inception, zvinopa mukana kana tichienzanisa vaburitsi avo, maererano CEPT, yakasvika ichi pamwero makore mashomanana. Mukuwedzera yaipa uye vasiri mutero zvaunofarira - kuwana infestitsy kusanganisira. Kana mugadziri kuchaita refocus kambani pamwe yakatsvuka zvinhu uye Semi-dzapedza zvigadzirwa kusvika kwokupedzisira chigadzirwa, Aiko zvinowedzera incentives - zvaunoda mutero rates chinotivhiringidza kutengeserana muna ASEAN pamisika, apo kuwana intermediates uye pakugadzira zvinhu zviri apora.

waAya

Kuunza mari munyika dzine kwaiva kuchikonzerwa 1998 Pakuumbwa Agreement. nzvimbo iyi anofukidza nharaunda yose ASEAN, uye mudzimba uye dzimwe upfumi vanokwezvwa nokuda kodzero: vanoita vanopiwa National kurapwa, mutero kuzorodzwa, Nokusimudzwa okurambidzwa muzvinhu zvakawanda, kunyange kubvumirwa upfumi munzvimbo sectors hwenyika, asi avo vari pandandanda pfupi dzokubudiswa kana kusimba pasi.

The peculiarity pamusoro Agreement ichi kuti rinongoshandisirwa zvakananga Investments, Portfolio upfumi pasina bata. Countries - ASEAN nhengo kunokosha kusiyana pachiyero upfumi pokumuka rinoti, saka Pakuumbwa Agreement unogadza kufungisisa zvishoma nezvishoma rutapudzo pamusoro List kwenguva pfupi kunze kukundikana zvachose - asi kwete vose, asi bedzi Indonesia, Brunei, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand uye Singapore - muna 2010 fung gore. Gare gare akabatana ASEAN nyika dzave kushandisa List zvizhinji rebei. WaAya Council Kwakabvisa mazita vose mugore 2003.