Nei rwizi inonzi rwizi? Sei Volga Volga akadanwa?

Reservoirs vagara chakakosha upenyu hwevanhu. Chero yokugara tinofanira zvakananga pamusoro tsime. Naizvozvo, sezvo chikamu mutauro fanira mitauro yose vane mumwe kana kupfuura mashoko kutsanangura chekubuda mvura inoyerera kuburikidza DC chiteshi. The Russian iri rokuti "rwizi". Zvino semantics veshoko akarasika, unogona chete zvokufungidzira chii mutengo paakapiwa nevaya vakauya naye mairi. Asi nei rwizi inonzi rwizi? Uye kuti ari mazita waterways dzakadai Volga, Lena, Dnieper, Neva? Rakabvisa muna singi, uyo akashandura Yufratesi? izvi zvose anoudzwa pazasi.

Mabviro ezwi rokuti "rwizi"

Ichi chikwata lexical aoneka mumutauro wokuRussia muzana remakore rechi11. Chokwadi kuti aivapo muna Proto-necheSalvic, kunoratidza kuvapo iine mashoko ane zvakafanana inzwi zvinoreva mamwe kwomutauro gadziriro. Somuenzaniso, mune riueka Serbo-Croatian, rzeka muna Polish, rieka muna Slovak, Reka muna Czech uye Slovene, Rika muna wokuUkraine. Sezvo chiri chipo mune necheSalvic mitauro uye kumabvazuva uye kumadokero, uye kumaodzanyemba mapoka, zvinova pachena kuti vose mashoko aya aiwanzotaurwa wokutsauka. Uyewo mune Russian pane mashoko havachasungirwi voga somunhu cognate mu Morphology ano, asi zvinoitika kuti vakanga dzakatangwa ambotaurwa. Tiri kutaura chiratidzo "remhashu", "nhokwe", "flutter". Vose vane chinhu chimwe chakafanana sema - chinhu chokuita racho.

Pane shanduro dzinenge mbiri, apo vano nesu. Maererano wokutanga dzidziso necheSalvic mudzi "Rector" yakaumbwa kubudikidza nzvanyira of Old Irish rian pamwe kukosha "rwizi mugwagwa". In Old Chirungu pane shoko kubvisa (rukova), mu srednenemetskom - Rin (mvura). Rivus Latin zvinoreva "Creek", iro rinotaura zviri nyasha dzidziso iyi. Zvakanaka, izvozvo zvakaitika rwizi (River) mu Chirungu ano.

Chechipiri shanduro inoti kuti mavambo Indo-European morpheme Rek. Zvinonzi chokuita yekare midzi renos "kuti" kukosha. Vanotsigira pfungwa iyi kumbotipa muenzaniso zita rerwizi Rhine, izvo, maererano kwavari, zvinoreva "ano." Similar semantics yekare Indian rayas. Unogonawo kuteerera riyate (kutama, akatanga kuyerera). Uye nokufamba kwenguva, shoko vakapfuura phonetic kushanduka kuti nyore emashoko. Ndicho chikonzero rwizi akadana rwizi.

Kunyange zvakadaro pane anguva Indian shoko rekha kupspnun (mutsetse, bhendi, muvare). Zvinoita zvakawanda sezvinoita pazita inokurukurwa Russian, asi kwete chaizvoizvo wekuita pamusoro semantics.

Anenge zvose hydronyms pamusoro munharaunda Russia ano - vezera shoko "rwizi". Naizvozvo, avo nokwavakabva - ariwo munhu chakavanzika mhando. Asi pamusoro vamwe vavo kukwanisa kuwanikwa zvinenge chinhu.

Volga

Nei zita kudaro? Pane zvakanaka nyore uye zvichinzwisisika a. Vamwe nyanzvi dzemitauro vanodavira kuti hydronym Volga rinobva pashoko "hunyoro". Chokwadi ndechokuti kana vanhu vakagara pedyo dziva, akanga zvavo chete rine unyoro. Kazhinji havana kuziva nezvokuvapo dzimwe miviri mvura nokuti ivo vaiva nomukana kufamba. Hazvishamisi hydronyms vakawanda rinoshandurwa kubva mumitauro yekare kunongoreva "rwizi", "mvura", "nyoro".

Munguva yekare mutauro polnoglasie chipo, kureva, kuvandudzwa yechipiri mavhawero: suwo - suo, chimvuramabwe - guta. Uye rwizi yakatanga kunzi mwando, uye ipapo yakashandurwa kuva yakakodzera zita Vologu, asi pakupedzisira akaderedza kuti pfupi chimiro "Volga".

Pane imwe shanduro, maererano izvo muzita rwizi - kuBaltic midzi. Ichi boka mitauro ishoko Valka, zvichireva "kukunamatwa ruchiyerera napakati doro."
Zvechokwadi, Valdai Hills, apo panobva (mavambo rwizi), inonzi nyoro zvikuru mamiriro enzvimbo. Iyi ndiyo nyika madziva wetlands.

Kune nesayenzi, asi zvinonakidza zvekungofungira pamusoro nei Volga rwizi ainzi Volga. Vari pahwaro asingashumbi vorega. Somuenzaniso, vamwe vatsvakurudzi vakaona kufanana nezita rimwe oriole shiri, mumwe - neshoko "mhumhi". Mumwe kunyange yakasungirirwa pano Bulgar Turkic vanhu vaigara pedyo norwizi iri 5th remakore. Kufanana, katoykonim "Bulgars" yakashandurwa mu "Volgar", uye kubva kwaari raiva zita muviri mvura, pamusoro pamarudzi iwayo vakagara.

Inokurukurwawo hydronym mufambidzane shoko "zvamunoda". Tsanangudzo iyi pachena zvakare pachena, asi zvakadaro. Vanoti kuti vashandi anotiza, kune rumwe rutivi kworwizi, vachidanidzira: "Ha Will Will Ha !!!!"

Mumwe anoona kufanana ne zita Great Princess Olga (Olga V. rakapfupikiswa). Yakanga iri Russian Bogatyr Volga mungano, uyo akakwanisa kurima kurima rwizi.

Lena

Fans ose Mabviro kwenhema vanowanzopedzisira kutsanangura Onim akadaro zvakasiyana. Asi chero Elena, kunyange yakanaka, zita rwizi haina kubata. Uyewo, regai ndivanaMesiya pano uye shoko "simbe", vanoti, mvura inoyerera zvishoma nezvishoma, zvishoma nezvishoma, uye saizvozvo ari christened saizvozvo.

Saka sei rwizi ainzi "Lena"? Kutaura zvazviri, Russified Version hydronym Yeh-lii-Ene, rinoshandurwa kubva Evenk rinoreva "rwizi guru." Zita iri wakanyorwa muzana remakore rechi17 akawana gang Cossack Penda. Muzana remakore rechi18 zviri Tungus, vaigara murwizi, akaitumidza Lenna maererano dzakaitika F. I. Miller.

River Wash: nei inonzi saka

Kana musingadi kuchera zvakadzika, kwakabva hydronym ichi hunogona kungoparara chokuita paruzhinji dzokugezera, izvo vakavaka muzana remakore rechi18. The dzokutanga nezvayo zita dura - Mya. Shoko iri, akavapindurawo, rinobva Finnish-Izhora "IUJ" zvichireva "tsvina". Vazhinji nomumachakwi Creek pedyo St. Petersburg vangave vakasiya izvozvo muzita ravo. Uye mvura singi yakanga yakanyanya madhaka, madhaka. Izvi zvakanyorwa kare ramakore rechi18, Somuenzaniso, A. Bogdanov. Asi nokufamba kwenguva trudnovygovarivaemoe shoko rakanga kuva chinhu yakawanda nzvanyira pamwe Russian duramazwi, aishanda pano kufanana ne rechiito "kugeza", "wangu".

Neva

Kare pamusoro nzvimbo St. Petersburg vaiva anezvimiti uye marshes. Izvi imhaka mune zita guru rwizi veguta, iyo kazhinji zvinobva Finnish shoko Neva (doro). Kazhinji, iri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweRussia, hydronyms zhinji zvinogona kutsanangurwa mumaonero mutauro Finno-Ugric. Somuenzaniso, Ladoga, Seliger uye kunyange Moscow River.

Other nyanzvi dzemitauro - Vatsigiri Indo-European Version. Vanodavira kuti zita rinobva neṷa mudzi rinoreva "chitsva." Neva - rwizi achiri muduku, yakavambwa nokuda budiriro mvura Lake Ladoga. Zvapupu zvakaona zviitiko akacherechedza chokwadi ichi, anoumba zita rake. Ndicho chikonzero rwizi ainzi Neva River, itsva.

Dnieper

In yaMakoronike yekare zita Dnieper River yakanyorwa Dnѣpr. Zvinozivikanwa kuti inzwi "b" kwamuka nzvimbo chinotokurudzira zvikuru yekare "Y" uye "ѣ" - ". Ah" apo paiva inzwi wemishonga Kana isu kutsiva ari chikamu zita rekare "Dnѣ" neShanduro izvi, kuwana shoko "Danube". Uye chii "Pr"? chaikosha Izvi zvaireva sezvo kukurumidza kufamba. zvisaririra ayo anogona kuonekwa mumashoko "nokukurumidza", "kutsvaka", uyewo mazita evamwe nzizi (the Prut, Pripyat). Kana isu kubatanidza zvikamu zviviri, vachasunungurwa nemashoko okuti zvichireva "River Danube". Uye maererano "zvakaedza zvekare Years" wokutanga kugara vakabva ikoko pamahombekombe Dnieper. A rwizi itsva vakapa zita icho ruva.

Yufratesi

Ndicho chikuru rwizi muna West Asia. The Yufratesi (zita iri rakashandurwa kuti "kumeso chokubuda") zvinobva muna Armenian Highlands, kuCaucasus, uye mainozonodira Persian Gulf. Flowering mipata zvaiva KUKWEZVWA nokuda vakundi, kunyanya nokuti Farao Thutmose III. Kana muEgipita mauto pavakasvika panzvimbo ino, vakanga chaizvo kushamiswa akananga kuna Yufratesi. Vaienzanisa kuna huru tsinga aNairi muIjipiti, iyo inoyerera kubva kumaodzanyemba kusvikira kuchamhembe uye mainozonodira muGungwa reMediterranean. Uye kwavari zvakava kuti mvura anozunungusa imwe nzira kumativi, kuti haisi sei kushandiswa arinde. Ndicho chikonzero Yufratesi anonzi inverted rwizi. Ndizvo nezvazvo inotaurwa zvemadzimambo Thutmose Third kwedanidziro iyi.

City, mazita rwizi

Around munyika, avo vari vazhinji. Barnaul pamire Barnaulka, Vologda - on Volga. Kazhinji vanhu havana akanyengedza kamwe zvakare musoro akadana musha wavo uyewo rwizi iyo akazviratidza. Heino mienzaniso maguta ane zita rinonzwika ane bvudzi kwakaita upamhi pamwe hydronyms: Samara, Pumice, Kazan, Narva, Tuapse, Kostroma, Voronezh, Vyatka, Moscow. Vamwe vane pfupi chimiro possessive chipauro muzita rwizi, Omsk (kubva Chikuhoku), Tomsk (kubva Tom), Yeisk (kubva Eu) Lensk (pamusoro Lena), Labinsk (pamusoro Elbe), Angarsk (kubva Angara).

hydronyms All, uyewo mamwe mazita nzvimbo - zvechokwadi ichi hariperi nyaya yokutsvakurudza. Nyanzvi dzemitauro vachiri haisviki rwakafanana dhinomineta, nei rwizi inonzi rwizi, nyanza - kugungwa negungwa - gungwa. Saka shanduro itsva iri kodzero chimiro.