The musana wemunhu: chacho. Remuromo musana Mbiru nokupesana

nomuzongoza kwevanhu, mune mamwe mashoko, vertebral mbiru, Nde chezvinonhuwira zvinotsigira marangwanda. It inovakwa nomunhu vertebrae ayo yakasimbiswa pamwe achishandisa intervertebral muhudyu, uye zvinobva mujinga yeDehenya, iyo wanamatira wokutanga vertebra, akadana atirasi. zvitsigiso Izvi chinjwa kuburikidza atlanto-axial uye atlanto-occipital majoini. Nonrigid mhando remubatanidzwa ane hukuru dhigirii rusununguko rwokufamba. Mune dzapasi musana mbiru munhu anenge mira, pano mativi chokuita kuti hudyu pfupa rimwe chiuno vachishandisa sacroiliac mapfundo.

The muzongoza: Anatomy

The nomuzongoza munhu ari mamiriro ayo ane 5 nemapoka zvikamu. vertebrae ari nomuzongoza munhu Vangani? Rakarurama mhinduro haako. At utano yakazara ane kubva 32 kusvika 34 vertebrae, nekuti kuwanda kwavo musana dzevanhu mbiru iri zvakananga novimba nemamiriro yokupedzisira (coccygeal) chidimbu, izvo zvinosanganisira maviri nezvina wokugaya, akapiwa kwatiri madzibaba edu kubva pamhuka nyika.

Bends

In zvisingatomboiti, utano mamiriro haisi zvachose sandara, asi ane vasiri makakombama yacho nomuzongoza. Anatomy izvi anosika zvinhu nokuda richengetedzwe pakuenzanisa hunyambiri uye tolerability unopinza motokari zviito. Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani sei Bends zviripo musana mbiru muviri womunhu, zvakakodzera kufunga zano uye kunzwisisa zvinorehwa anatomical chimiro maumbirwo kuita.

In zvachose pane mana nomuzongoza vachikotama ari chakaipa wehurumende: 2 - ventral (kureva, vakafugama mberi), 2 - dorsal (pamwe vachikotama namanhede). Uyezve munhu musana makakombama kuva noukama mamiriro, kakawanda pathological ezvinhu yakarurama hunhu mbiru riri anozadziswa vamwe kukanganisa kubva vaikunga ichi umo vanosangana shanduko uye kuchinja saizvozvo ivo kusika mamiriro. Mukuwedzera, paumbwe anorwadza kuchinja kwakawedzera kwomuzvarirwo makakombama kuripo mumamiriro ezvinhu utano. Zvadaro kunowedzera vakafugama kudzika chaiyo kadhi, somugumisiro izvi rakabudisa runoenzanirana kuchinja mune zvimwe zvikamu musana mbiru.

Madhipatimendi sezvo chikamu musana mbiru

The nomuzongoza iri muzvikamu shanu: remuromo, thoracal, lumbar, sacral (sacrum), coccyx.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vanhu marangwanda mbiru makakombama vane ukama nomuzongoza. Lumbar uye remuromo nomuzongoza vari curved mune mberi akananga (kana lordozis), thoracal uye sacral azvaitwa neshure (kana kiphosis).

The remuromo nomuzongoza ane nomwe yoga vertebrae, uye ane yokusafa kugona kumukuru mufambo. The utano Muviri anokwanisa kubereka-siyana oblique uye muhombe fambisa musoro, ivo rotational kwebasa mutsipa chikamu ane zvakakwana guru kutsauka. Ichi mukana wokushandiswa incredible anosika nemamiriro remuromo chidimbu, zvakawanda chaizvo, mavambo maviri vertebrae rokutanga:

• ari atirasi, iyo inopiwa Maberere maviri, isina muviri;

• epistrophe ane wayo yakarongeka odontoid pfupa, kumativi okupedzisira akabudiswa ari rotational kufamba pamusoro atirasi.

thorax

The nemamiriro thoracal nomuzongoza zviri nyore chaizvo. Spine ari thoracal vertebrae zvinosanganisira gumi zvichiratidza kurutivi kumicheto. Nechemberi pose muviri nerumbabvu akwirwe kuburikidza sternum uye nokudaro kuumba anonzi bhokisi - inotungamirwa kuti rakavimbika kudzivirira inokosha zvomukati - mwoyo nemapapu. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nemamiriro thoracal mugove womunhu mumhanyi akafanana mammalian vertebrates. All gumi vertebrae thoracal zvikamu zviri zvakafanana anatomical marongerwo. Chete achiwira lumbar nharaunda, vertebral muviri anowedzera kukura uye akaita zvakawanda akakura.

Lumbar chidimbu uye sacrum

The musana Mbiru (maumbirwo) ari lumbar anosika zvinhu kuti kuita zvakasiyana-siyana injini mabasa - muviri akatendeuka, rotations uye tilts kwakasiyana-siyana. The nomuzongoza ari lumbar nzvimbo iri anozadziswa rinonyatsooneka mutoro. Saka, vertebrae pakarepo yakakura zvikuru kupfuura yapfuura zvikamu muviri parameters dzichiwedzera kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi (kubva pakutanga kusvika rechishanu).

Panguva yokuberekwa womunhu nomuzongoza iri sacral dhipatimendi mashanu yoga vertebrae. Asi zvishoma nezvishoma Zera kukura nomuzongoza zvichizoita coalescing nokuita vertebrae rwevanhu STRUCTURAL zvikamu - the sacrum.

coccygeal dhipatimendi

The musana mbiru mune coccygeal dhipatimendi chinosanganisira matatu shanu yoga vertebrae. Chii coccygeal vertebrae ari chidimbu inogona vakatsunga chete rinokosha chishandiso kuzviongorora (X-ray kana tomographic).

The nemamiriro vertebral mbiru

Connection pakati vertebrae zviviri, akamira pedyo, rinoitwa achishandisa intervertebral discs, vane yakasiyana chisarudzo. Anopa mapurasitiki pabango uye elasticity. Kudeuka dhisiki akapa lumbar uye remuromo nzvimbo nomuzongoza womunhu muviri. Zvisinei, nokuda kufamba zvakanaka, uye dhisiki vanokwanisa pakati zvikamu izvi zvikuru pachena kuti kukuvara. Panewo kazhinji kuumbwa herniated discs uye yakasiyana chisingaperi zvirwere zvetsandanyama nemapfupa hurongwa. The zvirwere zvikuru vasangana mhando ndiyo osteochondrosis - chinopedza-dystrophic pathological muitiro womunhu intervertebral discs.

The nomuzongoza yevanhu iri yakavakwa anatomical Zvivako hotera - the vertebrae, intervertebral discs uye articular majoini (majoini).

Mashandiro anoita vertebral dzevanhu mbiru

The nomuzongoza ndiyo huru zvetsandanyama nemapfupa ezvinhu murume. Rinoratidzawo kuti zvibvire kuti kuchengeta pakuenzanisa muviri, ndiye akabatana ari injini uye kuita kuchengeteka chaitika. Tsandanyama of nomuzongoza pavanoparidza epfungwa, nokusika zvinhu nokuda kuzadzika zvinotevera:

• tilts kwakasiyana-siyana;

• extensor uye flexor hvizheny;

• ari rotational sangano kumativi ayo akabatana;

• bipedal pakufamba.

mugove remuromo (wechitatu rechinomwe vertebrae), thoracal uye lumbar intervertebral rusununguko chete nemamiriro kunze dzakachinjwa vekutanga nevechipiri remuromo vertebrae majoini, uye sacral chidimbu mugove womunhu muviri ari akura wehurumende (inoitwa shanu fused vertebrae uye zvachose mira).

Intervertebral majoini dziri pamusoro musana pezvakaitwa nokusika zvinhu nokuda Mobile mbiru vanokwanisa. Kutama imwe vertebra kushanda zvisingaiti, sezvo apo mumwe vertebra Huru vatamire zvakananga pedyo. Rusununguko rukuru mufambo muromo wechibereko urege uye lumbar nzvimbo, vamwe vertebrae anogona kufamba chete zvishoma.

Kupfuura vasangana chirwere nomuzongoza: anatomi ukama

Anatomy of remuromo chidimbu pamusoro musana unoita kuti simba pfungwa nokuda kwaita chinopedza Disc chirwere. zvokurwara Iri dystrophic-chinopedza pezvakaitwa mu intervertebral discs vasiri anogumbura hunhu. In muitiro uyu chirwere anobatanidzwa connective zvinyama uye shwashwa. chirwere Similar ikabuda iri lumbar nomuzongoza, thoracal chidimbu iri zvaanokuita statistically zvisingawanzoitiki.

Lumbar uye remuromo munzvimbo kubatwa herniation pamusoro intervertebral disks - SHmorlja. Izvi zvinoratidzwa muchimiro musimboti pulposus goho Disc muganhu. zvokurwara kwakadaro kuwedzera nokuti vabereki nezvinetso kweropa uye huta enyika, sezvo miganhu izvi zvinogona tsonyera midziyo ropa iri musana (vertebral) nemidzi tsinga pakukoka kubva musana. Zvapedzisira kuomesa unonzi Sciatica, somugumisiro compression nokuda zvomoto midzi.

Human musana Mbiru anogona pasi kushoma (kusanganisira autoimmune maitiro kana kunotevera ..) In majoini - chearthritis.

Akaora, vakawanda zvirwere nomuzongoza kunoitika pamwe yakawanda marwadzo, ungaderedza mufambo nezvimwe chomupepanhau unhu.

zvirwere zvose izvi zvinoda yakakodzera kurapwa, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange pakarepo kupindira.

Risk kukuvara uyewo vertebral mbiru.

rubatsiro rokutanga rokuziva vakuvara

Zvakakodzera kupa vakuvara pamwe kufadza chinjikira kuswatura musana uye Kuchakati zii vasati vasvika amburenzi. Zvinonzi rambidzwa kumanikidza akatambudzwa kufamba uye zvokufambisa, nekuti pane zvinoita chidzoke kukuvara itsva uye somugumisiro matambudziko. Akatakura vakakuvara zvaibvumirwa aakatipa zviitiko - panguva ngozi apo kusiya panzvimbo.

The vertebral yevanhu Mbiru - yakasiyana nedzimwe chivakwa mumuviri, izvo rusununguko mutsigiri, anodzivirira, motokari mabasa. Saka, kutarisira utano ezvinhu, kudzivirira pathologies vavo rakakodzera kurapwa zvakafanira aponese utano. Vertebrae uye musana mbiru pamwe mavambo mamiriro avo, dzimwe nzvimbo vanobvumira munhu kuti bipedalism uye kudzikamisa mutoro ndikaita rokuti zvikamu nomuzongoza, uye kuramba injini unyanzvi hwose.