The kupatsanura migwagwa. The mazita yeUnited Migwagwa mu Russia

Migwagwa ndiwo chokufambisa migwagwa kuti batanidza nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana uye nzvimbo munyika. Inonyanya kukosha kuti nyika yedu tiri yeUnited mumigwagwa weRussia. Asi uyewo kukosha dzimwe mikuru uyewo wakarerutsa haisi zvakakodzera. Ngatidzidzei kuti aitsaura sei migwagwa, uyewo kuchera mazita Russian batana migwagwa.

The mhando mugwagwa kupatsanura

Chokutanga, ngationei kuti chii chikonzero zvinogona dzikarongwa migwagwa. Zvichienderana zvinodiwa, pane mhando dzakawanda kupatsanura:

• zvine musoro;
• mhando bemhapemha;
• pamusoro pfuma;
• kirasi;
• kubudikidza muchikwata.

Pasi apa, tinotarisa neimwe mhando kupatsanura zvizere.

The kupatsanura migwagwa zvine musoro

Izvi mhando kupatsanura muna Russian Federation rinotsanangura mutemo yeUnited inokosha mumigwagwa, yakabudiswa muna 2007. Maererano naye, mugwagwa rakakamurwa yeUnited Migwagwa Russia, emunharaunda, Inter-matunhu neminisiparati uye nemakanzuru tsika. Izvi zvinoreva tozotaura gare gare.

Russian yeUnited Migwagwa - mikuru iri norudzi kukosha. Vari nemari kubva batana bhajeti.

Regional Migwagwa - mugwagwa nzira, pasi wenharaunda yaitongwa nezviremera kumatunhu. Vane dzomunharaunda, kwematunhu uye mwero kukosha vari mari kubva akakodzera bhajeti. Kana remunharaunda muhwezva kunopa mikana mikuru chokufambisa interchanges nezvimwe zvivako akaoma, Russian kupatsanura migwagwa zvinoratidzwa chivakashure A, uye vose - the chivakashure K.

Inter-matunhu neminisiparati migwagwa kushumira kubatanidza misha mukati miganhu imwe nharaunda asi vane yakaderera pamwero kukosha kupfuura emunharaunda migwagwa, uye zvose zvikuru yeUnited migwagwa Russia. All intermunicipal nzira vanozivikanwa chivakashure H.

dzimwe Migwagwa yose mikuru vomunharaunda kukosha. Kazhinji, ndivo mukati miganhu imwe nharaunda kana munharaunda uye kunokosha ukoshi chete naye. Inotsigirwa kubva bhajeti yekwataigara hurumende, izvo zvinosanganisira.

Types migwagwa iri mhando unhani

In rokufukidza migwagwa zvose vari rakakamurwa mhando mbiri: zvakaoma dare uye pasi. Uye wokutanga rakakamurwa akawanda subspecies Asphalt rwakagadzirira pamwe tichigadzira mabwe, kongiri usina kukonekita nezvimwewo ... Dirt migwagwa havana kubata turf.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Russian mazita yeUnited Migwagwa haisi chikamu chimwe compactor chokufambisa nzira. Uyewo imi musingadi kuwana chero zvakadaro mugwagwa Zara pakati kwematunhu uye Inter-matunhu neminisiparati kukosha. Asi vanogona kusangana migwagwa yemo.

Mhando uridzi migwagwa

By kodzero nzira mashoko muridzi rakakamurwa yenyika dzakapoteredza uye pasiri paruzhinji. Kana tsanangudzo muridzi migwagwa yenyika uye romunharaunda mubvunzo harimuki, hwevatambi nhau dziri siyanei. Saka, vanogona ndezvaJehovha kana chero sangano kana munhu. Zvisinei, cherechedza kuti tsika edzimba mudungwe munzira mu Russia hakusi zvakajairika chaizvo.

Panguva iyoyo zvinofanira kusimbiswa kuti migwagwa zvose zvinosanganisirwa ndandanda reRussia yeUnited mitsetse, muridzi neHurumende.

kupatsanura kirasi

Panewo migwagwa kupatsanura boka. Maererano naye, penzira rakakamurwa mhando nhatu: nomugwagwa, mukuru-nokukurumidza uye kwakajairika njanji.

Musiyano mukuru kubva nyore motorways migwagwa ndechokuti wokutanga mhando pamakwara haabvumirwi kuwana motokari nokuyerera panzira huru adjacently pamusoro chete pachiyero, apo rechipiri mhando zvinokwanisika.

On kwakajairika Makwara wakaiswa nechepazasi nokukurumidza muoti kupfuura apa maviri. Uyezve, mukusiyana kune motorways uye expressways, mumigwagwa yakadaro anobvumirwa mharadzano pamwe bhasikoro, motokari uye chime nzira imwe chete.

Raida chizenga motorways uye expressways - kuvapo mana kana kupfuura Lanes, mumwe nomumwe aine makubhiti 3.75 m.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti siyana vake mugwagwa chete angava kirasi zvakasiyana.

It anocherechedza kuti vose kwemarudzi aya mikuru kuiswawo pakati pemazita wokuRussia yeUnited migwagwa, asi pakati remunharaunda Mugwagwa mikuru kare vasipo.

Road Kuparara ne muchikwata

Road kupatsanura Categories zvinogona kuonekwa zvakaoma nokuda kirasi Zara.

migwagwa yose IA chikamu, migwagwa - IB, asi zvatinosiita nzira kamwe rakakamurwa muzvikamu shanu - IC, II, III, IV uye V. IC yakasiyana nedzimwe Mapato ose kwakajairika nezvemakwara ndechokuti kunoda fanira pamberi nekupatsanurwa kwake nyora kuti motorways uye Express migwagwa. Mumwe chikamu migwagwa kwakajairika mhando zvisingapindirani uwandu motokari Lanes vavo widths. Uyezve, kusafanana nedzimwe embodiments, inocherechedza Categories IV uye V anobvumira kuti mharadzano pamwe njanji uye chitima makwara chete chechetere.

Migwagwa All IA muboka, kureva mugwagwa, pandandanda yeUnited Migwagwa reRussia.

batana nzira

Zvino ngatitorei vanyatsoona chii makwara vari pandandanda yeUnited motokari mumigwagwa muRussia. Unosanganisira chaizvoizvo zvose huru kuti nhengo Moscow pamwe misoro mamwe masangano ehurumende, kana unobatanidza pamwe nechepakati maguta Russian Federation. Mukuwedzera, muna pandandanda Russian yeUnited mikuru dzingasanganisira nevezvokutengeserana dzaibatanidza administrative nzvimbo munzvimbo dzakasiyana, kana mukuru ane kukosha. Uyewo pazvinhu izvi dzimwe nguva kwaisanganisira chinokosha unobatanidza migwagwa, kunyanya avo kuti vanopa napo kusvika kupfuura motokari panosangana kana kukurukurirana ane yeUnited ukoshi, semuenzaniso, kuti makuru zvengarava.

Federal Migwagwa Russia vari zvikuru kukosha kuti nyika nezvifambiso zvinosvika.

Kupatsanura pakati batana Migwagwa

Zvose Migwagwa vanobatanidzwa ndandanda yeUnited migwagwa Russia, vane zvavo yoga kupatsanura. On zvazvinoita, uye akaramba zvataitaura.

Russian Migwagwa yeUnited vari rakakamurwa mhando mbiri huru: paruzhinji uye European pakutengeserana.

Uyezve, chiverengero migwagwa unobatanidza Moscow pamwe misoro kana nharaunda nzvimbo vatorwa vaishandisa chivakashure M. For mitsetse avo, izvo kubatanidza nechepakati kumatunhu uchi guta, R. chivakashure akashandisa Russian Federal migwagwa zvikuru sezvo kuwana kubatana uye inoverengwa prefixed pamwe A.

List pamusoro yeUnited Migwagwa pamwe chivakashure M

Zvino ngatitorei Kutarira pasi pacharo Russian batana migwagwa. Federal mumigwagwa vakawanda kukosha, unobva Moscow pamwe misoro European uye Regional nzvimbo dzine mazita anotevera:

• M1 - muna Minsk.
• M2 - muna Yalta.
• M3 - muKiev.
• M4 - Novorossiysk.
• M5 - kuChelyabinsk.
• M7 - Ufa.
• M8 - kuna Arkhangelsk.
• M9 - muna Riga.
• M10 - muSt Petersburg.
• M11 St. Petersburg - Moscow (pasi kuvakwa).

List pamusoro batana Migwagwa

The mazita yeUnited motokari mumigwagwa yacho Russian Federation, izvo batanidza mumwe musimboti maguta vainotonga, rinosanganisira 34 makwara. Kukosha izvi zvinosanganisira:

• P23 Belarus - St. Petersburg.
• P56 muPskov - Novgorod.
• P92 Eagle - Kaluga.
• R119 Tambov - Eagle.
• P120 Belarus - Oryol.
• R132 Ryazan - Kaluga.
• P208, R209 Penza - Tambov.
• P216 Stavropol - Astrakhan.
• R217- "eCaucasus".
• R239 Kazakhstan - Kazan.
• R298 - Kursk nzira P22.
• P351 Tyumen - Yekaterinburg.
• P402 Omsk - Tyumen.
• P404 Khanty-Mansiysk - Tyumen.
• P600 Ivanovo - Kostroma.

Federal Migwagwa yacho Russian Federation, izvo vashumire maererano uye kuwana, vane mazita 75. Unonyanya kukosha, uye ivo ndeinotevera:

• Shelkovskoye A103 mugwagwa.
• Ilinskoe A109 mugwagwa.
• A113 Ring Road.
• A164- "Transkei".
• A181- "dzekuma Scandinavia".
• A375- "East".

migwagwa European

Uyezve, pane yeUnited Migwagwa muRussia, vane mamiriro European zvifambiso pakutengeserana. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinotevera mutsetse:

• E18 Finland - Saint-Petersburg.
• E20 Estonia - St. Petersburg.
• E22 Latvia - Ishim.
• E28 Poland - Kaliningrad - Lithuania.
• E30 Belarus - Omsk.
• E38 Ukraine - Voronezh - Kazakhstan.
• E40 Ukraine - Volgograd - Kazakhstan.
• E50 Ukraine - Makhachkala.
• E58 Ukraine - Rostov-on-Don.
• E77 Poland - muPskov.
• E95 Saint-Petersburg - Belarus.
• E97 Ukraine - Georgia.
• E101 Ukraine - Moscow.
• E105 Norway - Yalta.
• E115 Novorossiysk - Yaroslavl.
• E117 Georgia - Mineralnye Vody.
• E119 Moscow - Azerbaijan.
• E121 Samara - Kazakhstan.
• E123 kuChelyabinsk - Kazakhstan.
• E125 Ishim - Kazakhstan.
• E127 Omsk - Kazakhstan.

Izvi yeUnited migwagwa Russia zvinokosha kwete chete nokuti rinopa motokari motokari mukati nyika, asi kuti pave akatsiga mudzimu international zvifambiso.

Asian migwagwa

Uyezve, pane Asian dzakawanda mugwagwa. The kupatsanura vanozivikanwa nokuda chivakashure AN. Asi zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Asian migwagwa uyewo Classified panguva prefixes M, P uye A, zvichienderana chii ukoshi anopiwa nzira.

Somuenzaniso, nzira R258 "Baikal" Achitambanudzira kubva Irkutsk muna Chita, chikamu Asian mugwagwa AN6 Belarus - Busan (Republic of Korea). Saizvozvowo M10 Mugwagwa St. Petersburg - Moscow (rimwe zita, nokuti mumugwagwa - "Russia") chikamu huru Asian AH8 Finland - Iran uye panguva imwecheteyo chikamu European nzira E105 Kirkenes (Norway) - Yalta.

chivakwa migwagwa

Pakati Migwagwa vanobatanidzwa ndandanda reRussia yeUnited migwagwa, mumwe chete kuvakwa panguva - M11 St. Petersburg - Moscow. Its chikuru basa richava kutapudzwa aibuda motokari mumugwagwa mukuru M10 "Russia", iro anomhanya anenge yakafanana uye rinobatanidza misoro miviri Russian. Maererano nechirongwa, dzimwe nzvimbo itsva mukuru-nokukurumidza mutsetse zvichabviswa kubhadharwa. Muna 2014, chikamu chekutanga mugwagwa yakavhurwa kuti vatyairi. Pakuvamba kwaiva kwakarongwa kuti huru achaurawa zvakazara kushanda muna 2018, asi nokuda vanobva zvoupfumi munyika sezvo kunogona yekudyidzana kufamba.

Uyezve, pane vakawanda dzinonakidza zvirongwa, izvo, kana chinozoiswa, vangadai akagamuchira mamiriro batana mikuru. Asi panguva vanongova panguva pfungwa rwakazara.

mugwagwa ezvinhu

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vakawanda yeUnited migwagwa inogutsa unhani. Kana Makwara, izvo omurume vatariri nharaunda uye munhu makanzuru, avo ezvinhu akasiyana chaizvo. Zvose zvinoenderana chii chikamu Russia dziri, uye zvakadini mari yokugadzirisa kwavo uye kudzorerwa anogona govera hurumende dzeko.

Zvechokwadi, muna Russian Federation, migwagwa yakawanda dzomunharaunda vari mumamiriro ezvinhu hahwo asi pane nhamba yakakwana Zara, mamiriro chiri nemafashamo, rinoda pakarepo kugadzirisa jira.

Management pamusoro batana mikuru

yeUnited mugwagwa Kutarisira iri mumaoko pamafudzi hurumende kambani "Road Service" kana sezvo zvimwe inonzi, Federal Road Agency. kambani iyi yakavambwa muna 2004 uye ndiko omurume Bazi Transport of Russian Federation zvakananga. Kubva 2012 kusvika nguva ino ndiwo musoro Roman Viktorovich Staroviyt. "Rosavtodor" anoyera unhu yeUnited migwagwa uye anotora sarudzo dziri kugadziriswa, kana zvichidikanwa. The kambani iri kuronga purogiramu kugadzirisa migwagwa.

Mukuwedzera, muna 2009, rakavakwa musangano wehurumende "Migwagwa Russian", musoro ndiro S. V. Kelbah. The kurapa sangano zvaitambidzwa pamusoro M1, M3 uye M4.

Zvichireva Migwagwa batana

Zvakaoma kuona kukosha iyo nokuda nezvifambiso zvinosvika munyika vari Russian batana migwagwa. The Pamazita akauya kwokutanga kunoratidza kuti vakaisa pamwe anokosha nokuda Russian Federation vokuparidzira nzvimbo uye kukurukurirana. Saka zvinokosha chaizvo kuti kupa kugutsikana kwavo mune inogutsa chimiro, kudzivisa kuparadzwa, zvakakodzera kuparadzirwa motokari.

Uyezve, kuti optimize aibuda mugwagwa chokufambisa, zvinofanira kuva kuvaka mamwe nhamba mikuru yeUnited Mugwagwa, kuvakwa vangatongera kuitika munguva yemberi iri pedyo.