Bombay Fani - chii ichi?

The muviri womunhu inozivikanwa kusiyana. Nokuda akasiyana kunotouraya, anowanikwa zuva mumiviri yedu, tinova nomumwe, sezvo vamwe zviratidzo kuti tive, yakasiyana vaya kwokunze uye munyika zvinhu nevamwe vanhu. Panyaya boka iri ropa.

Itsika kuiganhura vachiita 4 marudzi. Zvisinei, zvikuru kashoma, asi vakawana kuti munhu anofanira kuva chimwe boka ropa (nokuda majini zvechadenga vabereki), ane zvakasiyana chaizvo, zvakananga. Hazvitsananguriki kwakadaro anonzi "Bombay chinonakidza".

Chii?

Izwi kunzwisisa majini mutation. Zviri apo neapo - 1 nyaya vanhu mamiriyoni gumi chete. Bombay Fani akawana zita rayo kubva Indian muguta kuBombay.

MuIndia, pane nzvimbo, vanhu iri kakawanda, "chimeric" boka ropa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kutsunga matsvuku eropa maantigen pamureza nzira kuguma zvinoratidzwa Somuenzaniso, wechipiri boka, asi chaizvoizvo nokuda kunotouraya rokutanga munhu.

Izvi imhaka paumbwe imwe recessive Gene dzevanhu majoko N. Kazhinji, kana munhu - heterozygous kuti Gene ichi, chiratidzo hariwaniki, munhu recessive allele haagoni kuita kwayo ushande. Nokuda kuti kururama mubatanidzwa mubereki okutodza vari vakaumba peya recessive majini, uye Bombay chinonakidza kunoitika.

Saka, zviri zvayo kukura?

History of chinonakidza

Zvakafanana Fani akarondedzerwa mumagazini zhinji zvokurapa, asi panenge kune pezana remakore rechi20, hapana kana akaita pfungwa nei zvose izvi zviri kuitika.

gangaidzo Izvi yakawanikwa India muna 1952. Chiremba uyo aidzidzisa, vakaona kuti vabereki rimwe ropa (baba vake aiva wokutanga, uye mai vake - wechipiri), uye aiva mwana wechitatu akaberekwa.

Ukatadza Fani iyi, chiremba akakwanisa kuona kuti muviri baba vake akakwanisa zvimwe mutate, zvichiita kuti kutenda aiva pamberi boka rokutanga. Hazvibetseri nadzurudzo kwakakonzerwa kushayikwa enzayemu kuti synthesize imwe puroteni kufarira, izvo yaizobatsira kuona zvakakodzera antigen. Zvisinei, nguva yakanga asiri enzayemu, ipapo boka yaisagona zvakanaka kuongororwa.

Chiitiko pamusoro vamiririri reEurope dzinza riri zvisinganyanyi kuitika. A ikakuruma kazhinji, unogona kuwana vezvenhau "muBombay ropa" kuIndia.

Dzidziso kwakabva Bombay ropa

Chimwe chikuru dzidziso pamusoro chidzoke ane yakasiyana boka ropa chinhu chromosomal mutation. Somuenzaniso, mumwe munhu ane chechina ropa boka zvinobvira recombination pamusoro alleles pamusoro okutodza. Ndiko, panguva nokuumbwa gametes kwemajini anokonzera nhaka mapoka ropa, anogona kufamba zvinotevera nzira: majini A uye B achange gamete (unozotevera munhu anogona kuwana chero boka kunze wokutanga) uye mumwe gamete haangavi kutakura majini anokonzera boka ropa . Pakadaro zvinokwanisika nhaka gametes pasina maantigen.

The chete chipingamupinyi wayo kupararira ndechokuti vakawanda gametes izvi vanofa pasina kunyange kuita embryogenesis. Zvisinei, zvichida, vamwe vararame, uye kuti zvadaro kunoita paumbwe Bombay ropa.

Possible kutyora Gene uye kuparadzira panguva pavaipfuura zygote kana mudumbu (somugumisiro kutyorwa rwaamai zvokudya kana kushandisa kunyanyisa doro).

The mashandiro okukura uyu ezvinhu

Sezvo yave akati, zvose zvinoenderana magene.

genotype kwevanhu (yakatarwa majini zvayo zvose) zviri zvakananga novimba mubereki, kana kupfuura zvazviri, vakapfuura vorudzii zviratidzo kubva vabereki vana.

Kana ukatarira zvakadzama kupinda Zvinoumba maantigen, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti ropa mhando iri nhaka kubva vabereki vose. Somuenzaniso, kana mumwe wavo wokutanga, uye mumwe - wechipiri, mwana uchava chete rimwe mapoka aya. Kana dzichiri Bombay Fani, zvose zvinoitika zvishoma zvakasiyana:

• Chechipiri ropa dzinodzorwa Gene uye mutoro kwetunhu wakananga antigen - A. Munhu wokutanga, kana zero, hapana majini chaizvo.
• Reongororo Uye nokuda Zvakaitwa antigen H chromosome nharaunda mhosva Kusiyanisa.
• Kana paine kukundikana munyika DNA nharaunda, kuti maantigen haagoni zvakanaka kusiyanisa, nokuti mwana anogona kuwana kubva mubereki antigen A, uye wechipiri kuti kuona allele havazokwanisi kuti genotype peya (conventionally akaritumidza nn). chiito ichi anovanza recessive mhute mugove A, mauri mwana ndiye boka rokutanga.

Kana zvose generalize, zvinoitika kuti mukuru muitiro kusarudza Bombay Fani - recessive epistasis.

non-allelic kudyidzana

Sezvambotaurwa, hwaro Chiitiko nhema Bombay nonallelic Gene mukukurukurirana - epistasis. Iyi mhando nhaka yakasiyana pakuti mumwe Gene anovanza zvinoitwa nomumwe, kunyange kana vakawanda allele ndihwo.

The majini hwaro ndechokuti chiri kukura Mumbai - epistasis. The peculiarity kwaiita nhaka recessive epistatic Gene kuti akasimba kupfuura hypostatic, asi kuziva boka ropa. Naizvozvo inhibitor naGene kuti anobereka kudzvinyirira haasi kukwanisa kuumba chero unhu. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, mwana anozvarwa aine boka "kwete" ropa.

kudyidzana kwakadaro kuvabereki, saka zvingangodaro kuziva pamberi recessive allele kubva mumwe mubereki. Kukanganisa kukura boka ropa kwakadaro, asi kunyanya saka hazvibviri kuzvishandura. Saka, vaya vane Bombay chakajairika ose muupenyu zano kunodzidzisa vamwe mitemo, vachiona kuti vanhu vakadaro vanogona kurarama upenyu uye Musatya kuti utano hwavo.

Kunyanya hwevanhu vane mutation ichi

Kazhinji, vanhu-vatakuri Bombay ropa hakuna kusiyana senguva. Zvisinei, matambudziko angamuka kana raida ropa (rinorema oparesheni, tsaona kana chirwere ropa hurongwa). Tichifunga dzakananga antigenic Zvinoumba vanhu ava havagoni kudira imwe ropa kunze kuBombay. Kakawanda zvikanganiso izvi zvichiitika zvinhu zvaipisisa, kana pasina nguva yokuongorora kwazvo kuongorora murwere masero matsvuku eropa.

Rodzafungwa zvokuratidza Somuenzaniso, yechipiri boka. Kana kuwedzerwa ropa kuti murwere boka iri zvingamuka intravascular hemolysis, zvichikonzera rufu. Imhaka kusapindirana ichi maantigen murefu zvinodiwa chete Bombay ropa, nguva dzose pamwe chete tsoko anahwo.

vanhu ava vane makore 18 kuchengetedza ropa ravo, kuti akanga kuti kumbozorora kana yokushayiwa. Zvimwe zviri zvakafanana mumuviri vanhu ava havana. Saka, tinogona kutaura kuti Chiitiko pamusoro Mumbai - a "mararamiro" pane chirwere. Kuti vararame naye sezvinobvira, zvinofanira chete Rangarirai "yokusiyana" zvavo.

Nezvinetso baba

Bombay Fani - a "dutu kuroorana." Huru dambudziko riri pakuti kutsunga ubaba, pasina anokosha zvidzidzo hazvibviri kuratidza kuvapo chinonakidza.

Kana pakarepo munhu akasarudza kujekesa ukama, ipapo kuva nechokwadi kuti vazivise naye kuti zvinobvira kuvapo mutation akadaro. Kuongororwa nemagene machisi pakadai chinofanira mberi kuwedzerwa, pamwe kudzidza antigenic Zvinoumba Ropa uye masero matsvuku eropa. Zvikasadaro, mai vomwana anomhanya ngozi yokuva woga, pasina murume.

Fani iyi ndiidze chete pachishandiswa masero miedzo uye kutsunga boka ropa mhando nhaka. Kudzidza zvinodhura chaizvo uye havana kushanda pari kushandiswa kwakapararira. Naizvozvo, kana mumwe mwana anozvarwa aine boka ropa yakasiyana inofanira vanofungidzirwa Bombay chinonakidza pakarepo. Husiri nyore, nokuti vanoziva nezvazvo nhau vakawanda vanhu.

Bombay ropa rayo kuitika pari

Sezvambotaurwa, vanhu vane kuBombay ropa hadziwanzowaniki. In kuvaRungu, kwakadai ropa kushanda hakuitiki; VaHindu sezvo ropa uyu anonyanya (paavhareji, vokuEurope kuitika ropa ichi - Kana munhu vanhu miriyoni 10 paavhareji). Pane dzidziso kuti chiitiko ichi achikura kuva rehondo National uye zvechitendero peculiarities pakati vaHindu.

Munhu wose anoziva kuti pane India tsiru iri mhuka chitsvene uye nyama yayo asingabviri kudyiwa. Zvichida nokuti chokuti nyama ine mamwe maantigen anogona kukonzera kuchinja majini code, kuti Bombay ropa kazhinji anooneka. VokuEurope vakawanda vanodya nyama, ndicho chinodiwa kuti kwaita dzidziso kudzvinyirira pakati antigen recessive epistatic Gene.

Zvichida kuvhiringidzwa okunze, zvisinei, dzidziso iyi pari kuitwa kudzidzwa, saka uchapupu kwayo kwokururamiswa kwete.

The zvinorehwa Bombay ropa

Zvinosuruvarisa pamusoro kuBombay ropa zvino akanzwa shoma. Fani iyi zvinozivikanwa chete hematologists uye masayendisiti kushanda mumunda magene okugadzira. Ivo chete vanoziva pamusoro kuBombay Fani kuti, sei chinoratidza pacharo, uye anofanira kutorwa kana chinozivisa. Zvisinei, saka kure hazvitaurwi chaiyo chinokonzera chiitiko ichi.

Kana ukatarira nemaonero shanduka, kuti Bombay ropa riri zvisingafadzi. chikonzero. Vanhu vazhinji vapone dzimwe nguva zvinoda kuwedzerwa kana kutsiviwa. In kuvapo Bombay ropa dambudziko iri kutadza kwayo kutsiva rudzi ropa. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, kazhinji kuva zvinouraya zvaitika vanhu vakadaro.

Kana kutarira mhiri dambudziko, zvinokwanisika kuti Bombay ropa zvikuru akanatswa kupfuura ropa mureza antigen sezvamunoita. ehupfumi Its havana aizvinzwisisa, saka hatigoni kutaura chii chinonakidza kuti Mumbai - kutukwa kana chipo.