Strontium 90: Half-upenyu. Strontium - radionuclide

Muna 1787, kwete kure wokuScotland kugarwa Strontsian ari wangu dzokubudisa mutobvu kuwanikwa kusvika nguva kuzivikanwa chicherwa. In kukudzwa musha zvakanzi zita strontianite. Uye zita kwemakemikari chinhu strontium masayendisiti vakapa rokukudza chicherwa ichi. Ndezvipi zvachiri kupfuura fuma angabatsira kana ngozi?

Zvidzidzo rokutanga strontium

Pashure okutanga masayendisiti strontianite vaiti chicherwa ichi kuti mhando dzakasiyana. Vamwe vakafunga kuti yedzinza fluorite, vamwe - kuti witherite. Zvisinei, gare gare pane zvijeke pazviri chaitwa ne wokuScotland kemisiti T. hop. Zvino zvakanga asingazivi kuti bvunzo fuma angava nehafu-upenyu. Strontium kwakawedzerwawo chinhu kudzidza kemisiti Lavoisier, uye Gemfri Devi. A rakakura kuwanikwa ichi zvinhu rainge pasi nokuda musayendisiti wokuRussia Toviem Lovitsem. Iye zvisinei Western dzomuzana, akaratidza kuvapo simbi iri rinorema spar.

A vakasvimha dzidziso. Chii hafu-upenyu?

Munhu wose anoziva kuti pane radionuclide rinonzi radioisotopes nhasi. Ndechipi hafu-upenyu? Radionuclides Munokudzwa nezvimwe zvinhu pakuti havana kusagadzikana neerekitironi. Over nguva yokuputsa - chirongwa kuora radioactive. Panguva iyi, mwoyo vari dzikwanise mamwe isotopes, uye nokudaro akabuda radioactive mwaranzi. Other radionuclides vane yakasiyana siyana volatility. Kune pfupi uye refu-vakararama isotopes. kuora pfupi nokukurumidza: ichi zvinotora mumasekonzi, mazuva kana mwedzi. Kwemazana refu rinodiwa, zviuru, kana kunyange mabhiriyoni emakore. Kuti sei akaiswa kana isotope Makakamura hafu fuma yaro, nguva dzose zvaida imwe nguva - kunonzi hafu-upenyu.

Ndechipi hafu-upenyu strontium-90?

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, ivo radionuclides uye isotopes vane ngozi zvikuru noutano zvinhu. Kana strontium, ayo akatsiga isotopes iri kushanda hapana ngozi kuvanhu. Asi radioactive isotopes anokwanisa kuparadza zvose upenyu. Chikonzero kuti chimwe chezvinhu ngozi siyana strontium - Sr-90 - ndiko ngozi - zviri zvayo hafu-upenyu. Strontium-90 decays kwemakore 29, uye izvi nguva dzose pamwe nokubudiswa yakawanda nemwaranzi. chaikosha ichi anokwanisa nekukurumidza wakazopinzwa ezvinhu zvipenyu uye rinoita.

ehupfumi kuti strontium

Strontium mudenga nokukurumidza zvaanoita nemvura, akafukidza tsvuku oxide firimu. In vakasununguka chimiro, maatomu akafanana izvi hauwanikwi zvakasikwa. deposits guru reko dziri muRussia, Arizona, California (USA). Strontium chinhu nyoro simbi - zviri nyore kucheka banga nyore a. Asi ayo utsotso tembiricha iri 768 ° C. Alloys vane sezvamunoita zvaisanganisira strontium, anoshandiswa pyrotechnics. Uyewo chaikosha ichi chinoshandiswa kuwanazve uranium exchange.

The kupinda kuti strontium mu zvipenyu

Maererano zvavo makemikari ehupfumi Strontium zvakafanana zvikuru zvisingatomboiti karusiyamu - maatomu akafanana izvi anenge ane analoginen kwayo. Strontium-90 iri nokukurumidza iiswe pfupa, mazino, uyewo mvura mvura. Mune kuora ari chinhu chiri kuumbwa mwanasikana isotope yttrium-90 ayo ane pfupi chaizvo hafu-upenyu. Strontium mu parameter ichi hazvigoni kuenzaniswa yttrium-90, izvo decays mumaawa 64 chete.

Yttrium-90 anogona emit Beta inoramba. Uyewo nokukurumidza kunokanganisa pfupa uye kwazvo nehanya kwake mwongo. Nokupesvedzera simba mwaranzi chero chipenyu muviri kuwana chinokosha vasiri kuchinja. Kuchinja Sero sezvamunoita, sero mamiriro vo anetseka kwazvo, chinoguma nokuchinja muviri. Saka, mubvunzo sei kare nehafu-upenyu strontium-90, hakusi simbe. Pakupedzisira, izvi zvinotungamirira nekenza eropa (neleukemia), uye mapfupa. Uyewo unogona kuva nesimba rokuchinja sechivako DNA uye genetics.

The velocity kuti kupararira zvakasikwa

Chirwere pamwe strontium-90 kunoitika munguva pfupi, sezvazvakanyorwa ane pfupi chaizvo hafu-upenyu. Strontium akaumba pashure channel Ngwavaira chinopfuudzwa pamusoro zvoutachiona ngetani zvokudya nokuti zvinosvibisa pasi uye mvura. Isotope uyewo chinopinda nyore kupinda kufema turakiti mhuka uye vanhu. strontium-90 kubva pasi nokukurumidza anopinda muviri remhuka, zvinomera, uye ipapo mumuviri vanhu vari kudya zvakasvibiswa. Kunze isotope ichi unogona kwete chete kuparadza mumwe muviri, asi wakarebesa kutapurira zvizvarwa zvayo. Strontium-90 chiri chinopfuudzwa kubva mukaka waamai kuti mwana.

isotope ichi ave achishingaira munyaya muviri zvinomera. Ivo Stuff anowana kubva muvhu kuburikidza nemidzi yavo. A guru kwazvo yakawanda strontium kuunganidza marudzi aya zvinomera zvakadai bhinzi, midzi uye tubers. Muvanhu, strontium rinoungana kunyanya marangwanda. With zera, nhamba dzakamirira strontium akatura. In varume isotope anounganidza kupfuura vakadzi.

The isotopes kupfuura ngozi

Pamwe necesium-137 Strontium-90 ndicho chimwe chezvinhu ngozi uye simba kupfuura radioactive utachiona ane rokutsanya hafu-upenyu. Strontium-90 rinowanzoshandiswa asunungurwa zvakatipoteredza somugumisiro tsaona panguva renyukireya simba zvinomera uye miedzo zvenyukireya. Mamiriro rakaoma nokuti kuvapo isotope izvi zvakaoma chaizvo kuziva, kunyange ivhu ivhu. Kusiyana necesium, wegamma nemwaranzi ari kuona zviri nyore chaizvo kuona Sr-90 zviri ivhu runodiwa pavhiki kanenge.

Panguva kudzidza ichi nzwisa ivhu kana masayendisiti okurima akapisa neimwe nzira, uye chete pashure kuti tinogona kutaura kuti pane izvi mharidzo strontium. Nzira iyi ndiyo zvachose kwete akakodzera kana unofanira kuziva uwandu isotope yokuita zvinoitwa muviri womunhu. Nokuti chirwere remasayendisiti Belarusian kuumba nezvengowani chaiyo, kunyoresa Beta nemwaranzi.

Related strontium-90 eremendi

The pedyo ehupfumi yayo ichi neruremekedzo nesimbi necesium-137 uye strontium-90. The hafu-upenyu makore 30 ndiye necesium-137. Kana mwaranzi njodzi, zvinhu izvi zviviri kusika kupfuura nhamba matambudziko. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti migumisiro yakaipa ari paChernobyl tsaona wegamma-basa necesium mhaka kupfuura strontium. Tichifunga hafu-upenyu izvi zvinhu, zvinogona kunzi kuve makore anenge mazana matanhatu muna paChernobyl mapazi achasiyiwa pamusoro isotopes izvi.

The hafu-upenyu isotopes Features

Nokuti fuma nechimwe zvachose kunorondedzerwa isotope hafu-upenyu. Strontium-90 ane makore 28. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kuti zvose kwemaatomu ayo vachanyangarika pashure pemakore 56. Unoitawo basa kutanga chitsama isotope. Panguva pokuwa mamwe strontium inogona kuchinjwa, akatendeuka kupinda raita zvinhu. Kana hafu-upenyu radioactive strontium makore 28, ichi chinoreva zvinotevera.

Kuburikidza ichi nguva kubva kutanga chitsama isotope achava hafu. Kunyange pashure pemakore 28 - kota, uye zvichingodaro. Zvakaratidza kuti strontium inogona kushatisa zvakatipoteredza kwemakumi emakore. Mamwe masayendisiti vakagumisa nhamba iyi achiratidza kuti hafu-upenyu strontium - makore 29. Kuburikidza iyi nguva hafu pamusoro fuma, asi zvakakwana strontium kupararira kure mhiri tsaona.