St. Michael wemamonk: tsananguro, nhoroondo, magadzirirwo, Pamifananidzo uye mosaics

St. Michael wemamonk, chitsvene wedangwe kunogara Kiev, unosanganisira kwazvo kunzwisisa temberi yakavakwa nezita Mikaeri Ngirozi Huru, iye vaichengetedza kweguta. Kuwedzera kune undoubted zvinoyevedza uye mapurani zvemashoko Church, ayo peculiarity ndechokuti aiva wokutanga kuRussia mutemberi rising zvinenge zvakazara nendarama. Izvi akapa zita akazara wemamongi yakaoma.

Cathedral, yakaitwa Prince Svyatopolk

Zvakaita kuti kudavira kuti pakuvaka wemamongi chokuita nezita Metropolitan pakati Kiev, Mikhail, munhu akakurumbira zvechitendero kuti X remakore. Zvisinei, kuvakwa yakakurumbira-domed goridhe Church vakatanga pashure chete remakore, paitonga Prince Svyatopolka Izyaslavicha. Kubhabhatidzwa, akanga chakazonzi Michael, uye kuvakwa chechi yaiva chiratidzo kuyemurwa kwake vanozvininipisa yaakapiwa paari anorichengeta kudenga.

Chakavakwa muchinda wakazvipira kuti Cathedral akabata rinokosha nzvimbo muupenyu vagari uyewo Kiev aiva pasi patronage pakati Arhangela Mihaila vokudenga. Haasi masanga St. Mikayeri Golden-Domed wemamonk, ari kuwanda raakanga ari nhengo, kubva XII remakore rakava nzvimbo mhuri kwomuchinda vanhu kuvigwa. Yaiva mhando pantheon, kuratidza pamusoro tombstones dzavo yakati rebei munhoroondo Kievan Rus.

First goridhe Dome muRussia

Muna 1108 imwe chiitiko chinokosha chakaitika muupenyu wemamongi: kubva Byzantine guru Constantinople zvaiendeswa kwaari zvisaririra St. Barbara, uyo akava mukuru neKijuni wemamongi. To iyi vaongorori vanoti uye kuzvarwa patsva panguva mapurani netsika gilded mazibota. Church of St. Arhangela Mihaila aiva wokutanga Russia, uko ezvivako kunge chinozoiswa utsanzi ichi.

Nechisimba Tatars uye Polish utongi

Kukanganiswa njodzi wemamongi panguva nechisimba vatorwa nechisimba. Pakati pavo, mukuru kukuvara wemamongi akaita gurusvusvu Tatars vakakunda Kiev muna 1482. Vakaparadza zvivako zvakawanda kumonasitiri uye vakaparadza inokosha Monuments of Old Russian kupenda uye kunyora.

Apo St. Michael wemamonk, pamwe yose Kiev, akawira pasi wenharaunda yaitongwa nemadzimambo Polish, akanga charters kuti akapa kodzero vasanangurwa kubva abbots uye rinopa rusununguko kubva Ecclesiastical masimba mabhishopi uye gavhuna zvemasanga. Izvi zvakaita kuti ayo kukura, uye, maererano nenhoroondo zvinyorwa yaitonga, kusvikira pakati XVI remakore, wemamongi akava kupfuura uye yakapfuma rechitendero muzinda Kiev.

Kurwisa Uniates

Vapupurire kunoshamisa zviitiko St. Michael wemamonk rakatanga kumavambo XVII remakore, apo Mambo kwePoland akamupa nhaka Uniate - vamiririri Greek Catholic Church, ari kuedza kuparadzira nawo kumaodzanyemba uye kumaodzanyemba-vokumadokero kumatunhu Russia.

mukuedza kwavo kubvuta matunhu enzvimbo wemamongi iye hwogumisa kuti Cossacks mumaoko avo vaidzivirira madzibaba avo 'nzvimbo.

Ropa rakadeurwa nevanozvitsigira kwete vakagara pasina. Nemhaka kwavo ushingi yemamongi raiiswa neChechi yeOrthodox, uye ayo abbot Job Boretsky akanga pakukwana Metropolitan. Kusiyiwa kurarama mukati mamasvingo wemamongi, zviri saizvozvo yekudyidzana wakawedzera chinzvimbo chacho, zvichiita kwemakore akawanda zvechigarire yakagara Metropolitan.

Events XVII-XVIII emakore

Chinotevera Danho rinokosha muupenyu wemamongi rakatanga muna ra1654, apo paiva kubatana pakati Kiev vake pasi ndima kune Russian mamiriro. Pasinei chokwadi kuti Mikayeri yemamongi akarasikirwa chikamu munyika yayo Estates, iyo vava enzvimbo Commonwealth, kurasikirwa yakanga kupfuura ndanyarara hangu pamwechete hetman uye Cossack navatariri, Unsubscribe nhaka mamongi nzvimbo huru, iri kuruboshwe-kumahombekombe Ukraine. Kubvira 1800 wemamongi ndiyewo yakagara mumiriri ari Kyiv Diocese.

Panguva XVII-XVIII amakore kunzwisisa yose zvivako kwave kuchiita chikuru kugadzirisa iri sezvairi iyoyo Baroque manyorerwo. Somugumisiro mabasa vekare zvikuru pre-Mongol chechi raisanganisira Cathedral of Ngirozi Huru Michael St. Michael wemamonk. Kubva vaiva chete nearitari apse, zvimedu masvingo uye nechepakati rising. Cherechedzai rwakabhadharwa kuna mosaics vekare uye Pamifananidzo kuti vashongedze masvingo etemberi. Wakakwanisa akadzidza neumhizha kare, havana kubva zvabviswa uye yakadzorerwa.

Kuyeuka kuti pre-echimurenga nhoroondo wemamongi, tisingatauri nayo zvaiva wemamongi yakavakwa pedyo Kiev, uye ari pedyo ake eponymous chechechi, rakashandurwa muna 1712 pamusoro mupendero. Izvi yemamongi mutsvene akanga nheyo chokuremekedza musande aive muguta - Arhangela Mihaila.

Kuparadzwa Cathedral panguva Soviet nguva

Hakuna Tartars, kana dzimwe vakundi St. Michael wemamonk haana kutendera irreparable nezvinhu zvakadai, zvose kubva vagari vayo akanyorwa munguva Soviet kupenga kuti hakuna Musiki. Kana Ukrainian guta rikashamiswa kubva Kharkov kuna Kiev, uye zvaida nzvimbo kuvakwa kwezvivako muhofisi, vakuru Republican zviremera akarayira kuti vaparadze yekare Church.

Pasinei zvose kuedza kuponesa unyanzvi kubva kuparadzwa nemamwe yekare Monument, muna 1934-1936, basa rayo dismantling rwaiitwa. Mosaics uye Pamifananidzo St. Mikayeri Golden-Domed Monastery Church yakanga yapera kuponeswa. Vakasimbiswa pachishandiswa itsva uye akaisa pamusoro St. Sophia Cathedral, riri pakati Kiev.

dzinoyera Orthodox, izvo zvava miziyamu zvidimbu

Kuti aponese waMosesi seinäkartta "Eucharist" aifanira kuvaka indoor inoratidzirwa hall St. Sophia Cathedral rusvingo, chaizvo rinozvibereka kuti hurukuro tsvene apse Michael Church. Other zvimedu mosaics uye Pamifananidzo zvaisanganisira ari muunganidzwa mumamiziyamu muMoscow, Leningrad uye Kiev.

Munguva German rokurwa mosaics uye Pamifananidzo pakushongedza St. Michael wemamonk, vakaendeswa Germany. Pashure pehondo vakadzokera kunyika yedu, asi kwete kuna pamahombekombe Dnieper, uye miziyamu kuunganidza mune mamwe maguta. Zvisaririra St. Barbara, kwemazana emakore akawanda, Nde neKijuni wemamongi, kubva pakutanga sixties vari akavigwa kuna Vladimir Cathedral muKiev. WaMosesi mufananidzo St. Michael wemamonk anogona kuonekwa muMoscow, Leningrad uye Novgorod.

Zvinofanira kudonongodzwa zvakasuwa chokwadi. The chirongwa avake administrative chivako panzvimbo kare raiva chikuru Cathedral St. Michael wemamonk, kumboiswa rakatangwa. Kuparadza chinokosha Monument yekare temberi mapurani, simba perimwe dongo panguva Soviet nguva anoratidza zvavo ufuza mafungiro nenhoroondo dzavo.

akararamazve rutumba

Yakavakwazve mukupera nineties parutivi mapurani Yu Lissitzky, temberi yakanga yavakwazve musi May 30, 1999. Yakadzoka zvinhu zvizhinji aimbova kushongedzwa, zvitoro kusvikira iyoyo nyika mamiziyamu uye pediment wakashongedzwa kopi yekare chivezwa Arhangela Mihaila.

The belfry, anosikwa maererano nomufananidzo wekare, akaisa ano chiridzwa - munhu carillon. Achibatsirwa nevaimbi vanoita yakaoma zvokunamata sezvamunoita.