Soviet chiedza tangi T-26. T-26: unhu, nhoroondo yokusika, mamiriro

Soviet chiedza kurwisa motokari, anoshandiswa vazhinji anoitika 1930s uye Second World War, aiva T-26. tangi uyu akabudiswa makuru akawanda (vanopfuura 11 000 zviyero), pane mamwe ari kumwedzi. Muna 1930, Soviet Union 53 T-26 dzomutauro kunge yakatanga, kusanganisira flamethrower tangi, kurwisa injiniya motokari, ane kure raitungamirirwa matangi, kuzvicheka-propelled pfuti, atirari tarakita uye warrior vashandi keriya. Twenty-vatatu vakanga kutengeswa, uye vamwe - the experimental yokutevedzera.

British chepakutanga

T-26 aiva kumumvuri - British tangi Mk-E, iyo yakataurwa kambani "Vickers-Armstrong" muna 1928-1929. Simple uye nyore kuramba, zvakanga yakanyorerwa ekisipoti kuti zvishoma yemazuva ano dzakabudirira: USSR, Poland, Argentina, Brazil, Japan, Thailand, China nevamwe vazhinji. "Vickers" nezvehurukuro tangi ake mumabhuku muchiuto, uye Soviet Union akaratidza kufarira kukura iyi. Pasi chibvumirano akasaina May 28, 1930, boka akapa USSR 15 maviri-shongwe michina (Type A, vakabata maviri zvigwagwagwa, "Vickers" caliber 7.71 neMM, mvura-dzaserera) zvizere hwokugadzira mapepa avo vakawanda kugadzirwa. Kuvapo shongwe maviri kuti inogona zvayaitenderera paguyo vakazvimiririra kubvumirwa kuzoposhera zvose kuruboshwe uye panguva imwe chete zvakanaka, panguva iyoyo vaiona zvakanaka zvinobatsira kuti Kubudirira yomunda masvingo. Several mainjiniya Soviet vaiitawo paungano matangi ari "Vickers" fekitari muna 1930. Kusvikira pakupera kwegore rino iri USSR akagamuchira vokutanga ina Mk-E mhando A.

The Kuvamba dzino kugadzirwa

Mune USSR, ipapo chete ndaishanda basa raikosha, ane basa raiva kusarudzwa dzimwe matangi kuti kuberekana. Chirungu Tank Mk-E akagashira zvinyorwa nokuda kwenguva rokuti B-26. In yechando makore 1930-1931 pa nzvimbo pedyo Poklonnaya Gora kuidzwa vaviri michina izvi inoitwa, havana vakabudirira vakapfuura. Somugumisiro, muna February, kwakasarudzwa kutanga kugadzirwa avo USSR pasi T-26.

The tangi yokutanga experimental batch mangé, turrets vakapakata Soviet-yakaitwa, akaedzwa kuti kuramba pfuti uye muchina-pfuti moto mukupera kwezhizha 1931, akanga vanogumurwa kubva nepfuti uye zvigwagwagwa "Bamba" ne kwakajairika uye dzokurwa rinobaya vaitenderera kure 50 metres. Zvakaonekwa kuti tangi wakatsigira moto shoma kukuvara (chete vamwe rivets dzakaparadzwa). Kuongorora makemikari akaratidza kuti kumberi zvombo ndiro dzaiitwa Stainless nadzo, apo padenga uye pasi ndiro shongwe takaitwa zvavo simbi. Nepo zvombo Kugadzirwa Izhora chirimwa, kushandiswa muenzaniso T-26, vakaderera unhu kuti Chirungu yokutanga nokuda nokushayikwa ano metallurgia midziyo muna USSR.

Development wokutanga nadzurudzo muna 1931

mainjiniya Soviet hadzisi kudzokororwa 6-tani "Vickers". Chii chitsva zvinhu zvavanazvo vari T-26? Tank muna 1931, uyewo yaro kumumvuri British, aiva maviri-shongwe configuration maviri zvigwagwagwa, rimwe shongwe neimwe. Musiyano mukuru pakati pavo kwakanga kuti vakanga yepamusoro chete nezvakataurwa slits pamusoro T-26 turret. shongwe Soviet aiva raundi rusesi nokuda Degtyareva tangi pfuti, kusiyana rectangular anoshandiswa chokutanga kuvaka kuti British pfuti "Vickers". Nechemberi muviri rainge zvishomanene.

Nyaya T-26 nevanhu shongwe maviri dzakatorwa pachishandiswa warrior ndiro 13-15 mm riveted kuti chakafanana zvesimbi zvikamu. Izvozvo zvakakwana kudzivisa muchina-pfuti moto. Light Matangi of USSR, akaita pakupera 1932-1933, vakapinzwa riveted uye welded muviri. Unogona kutaura pamusoro chigadzirwa itsva. Soviet tangi T-26 budiriro muna 1931 akanga shongwe maviri cylindrical, akatasva bhora mabheyaringi; neimwe pasina shongwe zvayaitenderera paguyo ° 240. Vose neshongwe kungaita kutinhidza nechemberi uye neshure vachiridzira arcs (100 ° neimwe). Nderipi drawback aiva T-26? Two-shongwe musimboti ane zvakaoma yakarongeka, nokuderedza rakavimbika. Uyezve, vose firepower yose tangi vasingagoni kushandiswa rimwe divi. Saka, pakutanga 30-ies munyika vakasiya configuration ose muhondo nemotokari.

A monkey-shongwe chiedza tangi T-26

zvachiri vakanga yekudyidzana hwakavandudzika zvichienzaniswa maviri-shongwe configuration. Yakabudiswa kubva 1933, pakutanga akanga cylindrical shongwe ine pfuti 20k wokuenzanisira, caliber 45 mm uye mumwe pfuti Degtyarev 7,62 mm. pfuti iyi yaiva nani kopi Anti-pfuti 19K muenzaniso (1932), mumwe kupfuura simba kuti nguva yaro. Vashoma dzimwe nyika Matangi akanga akafanana zvishandiso, kana vaiva. Ndezvipi zvimwe zvombo akakwanisa kutakura itsva T-26? Tank 1933 anogona kusvika matatu mamwe 7.62-mm zvigwagwagwa. uku kuwedzera firepower akaitirwa kubatsira vashandi vari kukundwa chaiwo Anti-mapoka, nokuti chepakutanga muchina-pfuti chombo kwainzi kukwana. The Photo pazasi rinoratidza chimwe yokutevedzera of T-26, ine tangi Museum iri Kubinka, ndicho chikamu chikuru muunganidzwa motokari zvechiuto munyika.

Next, ngatimbotaura pamusoro rwokugadzira unhu.

Chii injini aiva T-26

Features zvinosuwisa pakutsvaga padanho injini kunyange 20s remakore rechi20. The tangi akanga akashongedzerwa ane 4-humburumbira peturu injini inokwana 90 litres. a. (67 KW) pamwe mhepo kutonhora, waiva zvakakwana kopi injini "Armstrong Sidley" rinoshandiswa 6-tani "Vickers". Raiva seri tangi. Early Soviet akagadzirwa tangi injini vaiva varombo quality, asi kwakavandudza kubvira 1934. Engine tangi T-26 asina kumhanya limiter, kazhinji zvichiita overheating uye kukuvara mavharuvhu ayo, kunyanya muzhizha. Mafuta tangi 182 litres uye mafuta tangi 27 litres zvaiiswa pedyo injini. Akashandisa yakakwirira-octane, ainzi Grozny peturu; achizadza yakanakisisa mafuta wechipiri aigona kukonzera kukuvara vharuvhu nokuda kwayo detonation. Zvadaro, wakatangwa zvikuru capacious mafuta tangi (290 litres panzvimbo 182 l). Engine kutonhora rusero yave kuiswa pamusoro pawo nyaya inokosha.

Kutamisirwa T-26 raiva chete-Disc yakaoma batira chikuru batira, bhokisi pamwe rachulis mashanu pamberi tangi, chega kuzvidzora asakurirwa, transmissions uye yokupedzisira boka mabhureki. Kutapukirwa raiwanzobatana kuti injini pedyo nemotokari mugodhi anomuitira achitevedza tangi. Lever kushandura rachulis, akanga akatasva zvakananga pamusoro bhokisi.

Mazuvaano of 1938-1939

Gore rino, iro tangi Soviet T-26 akagamuchira mutsva conical shongwe ine nani nemishonga pamusoro nemabara, asi akaramba zvakafanana welded muviri, kuti ari muenzaniso muna 1933 kuti akanga asina kukwana, kuti inoratidza anopesana vokuJapan militarists muna 1938, saka kuti mota rave upgraded muna February 1939 kamwe zvakare. Zvino vakagamuchira pasi-turret mupanda pamwe vachida (23 °) 20 mm-divi warrior mahwendefa. Rusvingo ukobvu reshongwe yakawedzera kusvika 20 mm pa mafungiro rworwendo 18. tangi Izvi yakadana T-26-1 (inonzi T-26 wokuenzanisira 1939 munezvimwe zvinyorwa). Tevera kuedza kusimbisa pamberi Panel akaramba hadzisi kuzadzika, sezvo kugadzirwa T-26 akanga nokukurumidza akamira vachida mamwe zvivako, akadai T-34.

Sezvineiwo, kurwa kurema T-26 munguva kubvira 1931 kusvika 1939 yakawedzera kubva 8 matani 10.25. The Photo pazasi inoratidza T-26 womuenzaniso 1939, iye, nenzira, nokubva muunganidzwa, chine nyika guru tangi miziyamu muna Kubinka.

Sezvo nyaya akatanga kurwa T-26

Light tangi T-26 kokutanga akatora chikamu mukurwa munguva yehondo muSpain. Ipapo Soviet Union, kuvambira muna October 1936, vakarwira hurumende kwayo Republican, vanosvika 281 yemashoko Matangi muna 1933

The batch mangé Matangi muna Republican Spain yokutanga chakabatwa October 13, 1936 chengarava muguta Cartagena; makumi mashanu-T-26 pamwe haringakupembedzi zvikamu, zvombo, mafuta uye vanenge 80 vazvipiri pasi murayiro mukuru 8 vakaparadzana michini bhurigedhi VaK S. Krivosheina.

Wokutanga muchina Soviet, akaisa muna Cartagena, akanga achida achigadzirira National tangi, asi mamiriro ezvinhu akapoteredza Madrid kwazova kunzwisisa, saka gumi Matangi okutanga akaramba ari tangi kambani, vakatora murayiro Soviet mukuru Pol Arman (wokuLatvia dzinza, asi akakurira France) .

Armand Roth akapinda chiito October 29, 1936 30 km kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero Madrid. Twelve T-26 waenda ne 35? Km munguva gumi-bvuta uye akaita kukosha nezvinhu Frankists (akakundwa anenge maviri squads Moroccan aifamba nemabhiza uye vaviri vaifamba rechiuto; gumi 75-mm munda pfuti, wedges mana CV-33, uye maviri kusvika makumi matatu mumarori pamwe nemauto nenhumbi vakaparadzwa kana kukuvaradzwa), kurasikirwa matatu T-26 peturu kubudikidza mabhomba uye atirari moto.

Wokutanga anozivikanwa nyaya negondohwe kurova pakati tangi hondo yakaitika musi kana tangi platoon mutungamiri refutenendi discount Osadchego akanga atarisana maviri tankettes Italian CV-33, anodonha mumwe wavo duku mumupata. Nhengo dzimwe wedgies vashandi vakaurayiwa muchina-pfuti moto.

Machine Captain Armand chakatsva peturu bhomba, asi vakakuvadzwa wavarwi akaramba kutungamirira boka. tangi ake akaparadza mumwe uye kukuvaradzwa maviri wedges CV-33 kanoni moto. December 31, 1936 Captain P. Arman akagamuchira Star Hero of Soviet Union nokuda kunopamba, uye kushingaira mubasa kudzivirira Madrid. November 17, 1936, veboka Armand aiva matangi shanu chete muhondo akagadzirira.

T-26 vakanga kushandiswa zvinenge zvose kushanda muchiuto of Civil War uye akaratidza ukuru German Panzer Division uye Italian chiedza Matangi tankettes CV-33, vakabata chete ane zvigwagwagwa. Munguva Hondo Guadalajara T-26 ukuru zvakanga pachena zvokuti rokuItari vagadziri vakafuridzirwa kukudziridza yokutanga Italian svikiro tangi yakafanana "Fiat M13 / 40."

"... uye isu nendege pasi Samurai pasi kumanikidzwa simbi uye moto"

Mashoko ava nomukurumbira pakati rokupedzisira remakore, nziyo dzinoratidza chikamu Matangi chiedza T-26 Soviet-Japanese kurwisana, izvo akaramba kurwa nhoroondo matangi. Chokutanga izvi aiva kurwisana muna July 1938 pedyo Lake Hassan. Kuriita 2nd michini bhurigedhi uye vaviri vakaparadzana tangi battalions vaiva 257 chete Matangi T-26.

2nd michini bhurigedhi akanga achangobva akagadzwa murayiro mutsva mudonzvo, 99% yayo dzekare murayiro mamiriro (kusanganisira bhurigedhi mutungamiri P. Africa) vakasungwa mumazuva matatu sezvo vavengi vanhu kuti sarudza kuti kurwa nzvimbo. Izvi akava inokanganisa zvakaitwa bhurigedhi panguva yokurwisana (somuenzaniso, matangi ayo vakabata maawa 11, kuti kubudikidza 45-? Km kufora nokuda kusaziva nzira). Munguva uuraye Japanese-akabata Vasina uye Zaozernaya zvikomo Matangi Soviet akasangana neboka rakanyatsorongwa Anti-tangi kuzvidavirira. Somugumisiro, mashoko dzehondo 76 9 yakanganisika kupiswa. Mushure kurwisana kwacho, 39 dzehondo idzi dzave akapora ari tangi zviyero, uye vamwe - akagadzira pasi chitoro pauriri.

A vashoma T-26 matangi flamethrower kunobva kwavari akatora chikamu hondo kuzorwa Japanese mauto musi Khalkhin Chinangwa muna 1939. Michina edu hondo dzaiva pangozi kuti tangi vaparadzi Japanese zvikwata, vakapakata Molotov cocktaileja. Kana kbps welds kuramba Makwanza vari dzokurwa ndiro, uye kupisa peturu nyore kunyorova mu vaunoshanda mupanda uye injini mupanda. 37mm kanoni mhando 95 Japanese zvemapapu tangi, pasinei mwero wayo mediocre akanga kunobudirira pamusoro T-26.

Pausiku Yechipiri World War

Pausiku pamusoro 2nd World War, Red Army akanga vanenge 8500 T-26 okunatsiridza zvose. Panguva iyi, T-26-e vari kunyanya akaparadzana zvikwata chiedza Matangi (neimwe chikwata 256-267 T-26) uye vakaparadzana tangi rechiuto kuti pfuti kupatsanurana (10-15 Matangi). Yakanga mhando tangi zviumbu kuti muchirongwa chirongwa kumadokero munzvimbo muUkraine uye Belarus muna September 1939. Combat Nokurasikirwa kuPoland vakanga T-26 vaMwari gumi chete. Kunyange zvakadaro, 302 dzehondo akatambura hwokugadzira kukundikana kufamba.

Vaiitawo Winter Hondo December 1939 - March 1940 pamwe Finland. Light warrior brigades vakanga vakapakata siyana yemashoko matangi, kusanganisira vaviri uye monkey-shongwe configuration, yakabereka kubva 1931 kusvika 1939. Vamwe battalions vakanga vakapakata ekare michina kunyanya kugadzira 1931-1936 gg. Asi vamwe tangi zviumbu vakanga vakagadzirira pamwe muenzaniso idzva 1939. Muna yose, chikamu Lenvoenokruga vakaverengwa pakutanga hondo 848 vamapoka T-26. Pamwe chete Bt uye T-28 aiva chikamu chikuru zvazvinoita simba panguva yokumbozorora mutsetse Mannerheim.

hondo iyi yaratidza kuti T-26 ndiye nderechinyakare uye ayo nepurani reserves aneta. Finnish antitank pfuti caliber 37 mm uye kunyange 20-mm antitank nepfuti nyore kupinda dzakaonda antipulevuyu dzokurwa T-26, uye nhengo takashongedzerwa navo, vakatambura zvinokosha nezvinhu panguva budiriro iri Mannerheim Line, iyo murazvo-nokukanda muchina pahwaro of T-26 chassis wakapata basa rinokosha.

Hondo Yenyika II - hondo yacho T-26 wokupedzisira

T-26-E anoumba hwaro warrior ehondo Red Army mukutanga kwemwedzi ari German nechisimba Soviet Union muna 1941. On June 1, chitundumuseremusere chakasvitsa yakanga 10.268 chiedza Matangi T-26 yokutevedzera zvose, kusanganisira warrior motokari iri chassis yavo. Vazhinji vavo chaiva kuhondo motokari mune Soviet michini Corps mumaruwa pamuganhu zvechiuto. Somuenzaniso, mashoko Western Special Military District, akanga 1136 michina yakadaro 22 June 1941 (52% kuti matangi zvose muruwa). Yose zvayo, kwakanga 4875 Matangi kwakadaro kumadokero muchiuto maruwa musi June 1, 1941. Kunyange zvakadaro, vamwe vavo havana vakagadzirira kurwisana nokuda kwokushaya zvikamu, zvakadai semabhatiri, makonye nehonye mavhiri. zvainovhiringidzawo kwakadaro zvakatungamirira kuti kusiyiwa vanenge 30% of anowanika T-26 kuti kungopeta maoko. Uyezve, vanenge 30% of iripo Matangi vakanga kugadzirwa 1931-1934 uye aneta upenyu hwavo basa. Saka, muna shanu Soviet vokumadokero vemauto maruwa akanga akapoteredza 3100-3200 T-26 mienzaniso zvose zvakanaka (anenge 40% of midziyo), yaiva chete zvishoma isingasviki nhamba Matangi German aiendeswa nechisimba Soviet Union.

T-26 (Model 1938/1939 wacho. Kunyanya) aigona kutsungirira zvikuru Matangi German muna 1941, asi akanga akaderera muenzaniso Panzer III uye Panzer IV, muchirongwa "Operation Barbarossa" muna June 1941. Uye vose tangi zviumbu of Red Army akatambudzika inorema nezvinhu nokuda wakakwana mhepo ukuru "Luftwaffe" German. Vakawanda T-26 dzakanga dzarashika mumwedzi hondo yokutanga, kunyanya kutokonora dzomuvengi atirari uye mhepo nenjodzi. Vazhinji akaputsa kuti michina zvikonzero uye nokuda kushaya kupembedza zvikamu.

Zvisinei, mumwedzi hondo yokutanga, uye tinoziva zvakawanda Zvikamu umhare kurwisa zviri tangi Soviet T-26 kuti yechiFascist nechisimba. Somuenzaniso, gungano 55 rechiuto Panzer rinoumbwa eighteen monkey-shongwe T-26 uye gumi navaviri-shongwe, apo akafukidza munhu shure 117th pfuti nokupesana munzvimbo Zhlobin akaparadza namanomwe michina German.

Pasinei kurasikirwa, mubato 26 vachiri chakaita kuti chinokosha chikamu warrior ehondo Red Army mumatsutso 1941 (yakawanda zvigadzirwa vaibva munyika vemauto mumatunhu - Central Asia, ivo Urals, Siberia, pamwe kubva East Far). Munguva yehondo, T-26 vakanga yatsiviwa nekure kupfuura T34. Naivowo muchirongwa achirwa vokuGermany dzavo nevatsigiri pakurwa pakati pedyo Moscow muna 1941-1942., In Hondo Stalingrad uye Hondo kuCaucasus muna 1942-1943. Vanoverengeka tangi zviumbu of Leningrad Front vakashandisa Matangi dzavo T-26 kusvikira 1944.

The kukundwa vokuJapan Kwantung Army muna muManchuria muna August 1945 Wakapedzisira uto kuvhiyiwa mavakanga kushandiswa. Kazhinji, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa, nhoroondo Matangi - a kuziva chinhu.