Soil dondo Russia

Ndima Russian rakanyatsojeka yakakura. Ndicho chikuru nezviripo nharaunda. nyika yaro vawedzere anenge gumi nerimwe zviuru makiromita kubva kumavirira kumabvazuva. Okunze uye ivhu munyika vari zvakasiyana. Climate - kubva utsinye peArctic kuti subtropical. Ivhu, zvinozoita - nechando chando arctic mumarenje kuchamhembe kuti oma Semi-mugwenga kumaodzanyemba.

inowanzorimwa mapazi

Zvichienderana zoning uye okunze munyika, ivhu pakavha achiumbwa ane zvakasiyana unaku uye kubereka.

Ndima Russian rakakamurwa zvinotevera dzakadaro :

• Arctic mumarenje;
• achinaya mvura;
• dondo-achinaya mvura;
• taiga;
• broadleaf uye masango vakavhengana ;
• inowanzorimwa;
• inowanzorimwa;
• gwenga;
• subtropics.

Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nzvimbo zvinangwa okurima vanoonekwa kuti kumatunhu sango inowanzorimwa, inowanzorimwa uye subtropics.

Inowanzorimwa mapazi kunoratidzwa ne alternation kwesango uye inowanzorimwa nyika. Munzvimbo iyi pane pevhu-podzol, Marsh, wachena dondo ashed, munyu inonanzva uye zvakafanana dema nevhu.

Forest ivhu uye avo inotungamirwa

Sango-inowanzorimwa - munhu wechisikigo nzvimbo yaiva pakati sango uye inowanzorimwa zoning wongoramba. Inowanzorimwa nharaunda Anotambanudza mhiri East European Plain uye West Siberian Plain chikamu, uyewo nomunharaunda yacho Southern Urals. Dzimwe nzvimbo dondo dziri mukati Pannonian Plain.

Russian dondo ivhu rakaumbwa muna refu muitiro ivhu-dzichiumbwa kutenderera. Kutanga paumbwe mapazi chokuita nguva kuvhara glacial kumwedzi. In Eastern Europe uye Western Siberia dondo nharaunda zvakanaka kuumbwa uye nenzira kubva kumabvazuva kusvikira kumavirira rakakamurwa munzvimbo nhatu: Kure East, kuSiberia uye Eastern.

dondo ivhu ehupfumi akasiyana mune sezvamunoita dzavo uye mavambo, ndiko, uyewo, anosarudza kwerunyararo basa okurima dzevanhu uye ayo specificity.

Forest-inowanzorimwa - yakanakira hondo chinogona weRussia

The zvachose nzvimbo mapazi uyu hectares vanenge mamiriyoni 150, kana vanenge 7% of zvachose nzvimbo ehurumende. Mamiriro ekunze zvazvinoita zonal hunhu nezvokuti worudzii ivhu musango dzaitongwa, zvichienderana kunonaya, tembiricha uye uswa viomak. Mamiriro ekunze musango kuchinja kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba, dzinoratidzwa dzematunhu kusiyana, izvo anosarudza sei ivhu inowanzorimwa Russia angave zvikuru akasiyana mune unaku uye suitability. Ivhu mhando yakaiswa pamusoro manyowa jengachenga. Kuvapo manyowa rukoko asingasviki makumi maviri masendimita anonzi chiratidzo murombo nevhu. Vanopfuura makumi mana - ivhu ndizvo zvakakodzera kuti mufambiro hwokurima.

Kudeuka nzvimbo yakakodzera nyika inowira pasi Russian inowanzorimwa. Wevhu yacho kurimwa kuti makumi masere muzana. Nokuda mukuru wembereko uye manyowa rukoko ane ruzhinji zvirimwa vari akura. Nokuti chikuru chikamu zviyo dondo ivhu akanaka. In ichi vematunhu, gorosi, rye, chibage, Buckwheat. kurimwa maindasitiri zvirimwa zvakakwana yakatanga: sunflower, bhiti, oilseed chibharo.

Inotungamirwa uye mhando nevhu musango-inowanzorimwa mapazi munyika

Forest ivhu rakaumbwa muna ezvinhu kukura kwemasango uye paMaare.

Soil pabutiro dondo mapazi kuumbwa panguva kuora kuti chirimwa residues nemiti uye rekushongedzesa nemiti. Biomass hardwood kumatunhu vakawanda munda agrocenoses uye kunosvika kubva 100 kusvika 500 matani muzana hectare, zvichienderana muti zera. On dondo residues dondo ivhu pagore anogamuchira kubva 2 kusvika 30 matani muzana hectare akaoma nyaya dzine kubva 50 kusvika 700 makirogiramu muzana hectare dota vomumatunhu. Upfumi hardwood residues senitrogen (50-85 makirogiramu / ha) uye calcium yakawanda (70-95 makirogiramu / ha) anosarudza Kuwanikwa ezvinhu zvakanaka paumbwe rakaorera nevhu.

Kuchamhembe zvikamu musango-inowanzorimwa mapazi ivhu pakavha richinzi kunyanya kuchena dondo nyika, leached uye podzolized chernozems. On wachena dondo nevhu riri kuitwa ndichibvunza kurima. 55% of nzvimbo kurimwa, asi pasi vatema pasi - vanenge 40%.

By ea hova, matanda, dzegirini uye zvanza, akapa pedyo pasi (1,2 mutinhimira), vari aumba glei ivhu manyowa uye pevhu glei pakati pratensis kumafuro uye nemiti. Ivo zvinoshandiswa sezvo hayfields uye mafuro.

Pachena nzvimbo medium- uye silnosmytyh ivhu nharaunda hakuiti kupfuudza 5%, ukuwo munzvimbo dzakakwirira sezvo mukuru sezvo 20% kana kupfuura.

Kumaodzanyemba zvikamu dondo, nyika okurima Anonyanyowanika riri leached uye zvemo chernozems. Kurimwa vanenge 87% of zvachose panyika nzvimbo. Unorema kubva arable nyika iri pamusoro munyoro materu. Strong mvura kukurwa kwevhu pachena kuti vanenge makumi matatu kubva muzana arable nyika, kusvikira 40-50% mari mune dzimwe dzimwe nzvimbo.

Kuderera hwevhu - nokukuvadzwa ramangwana

The kuderera simba ari kuorera ivhu vatema kunoita kuti zvachose rutapudzo nezvinovaka muviri. Chikonzero ichi ndicho ndichibvunza kurima. A unopinza kuderera zviri manyowa ivhu yakawedzera panyama arambe achirema, Kushatiswa nemamiriro uye zvivako mvura-kurapwa panyama nokuda rinorema papurazi muchini.

dondo Russia nhasi ivhu iri nedanho ndichibvunza dzokurima zvinopfuura 30% varasikirwa chokubereka wayo. Izvi zviri kuonekwa kusingarapiki. Paumbwe imwe sendimita topsoil kunotora anenge 125-400 nemakore ari dzomusango. Zvakakanganiswa murume, hwakakura kwazvo. Zvadaro, pasina kucherechedza zvakakodzera ukama kuti inokosha reserves venyika munyika akashatirwa mararamiro zvakasikwa. Izvi zvichaita kuti kunyangarika ivhu rakaorera inotevera 40-50 makore. Tinovimba akangwara uye pfungwa nzanga haazobvumiri idambudziko rakadai pose kuitira mukutsvaga mari mikuru.