"Smart": fanano, noruvara zvinoreva, kushandisa yezvinoreva mazwi

Kupfuma uye expressiveness chero mutauro takatsunga kwete chete nenhamba mashoko ayo akafanana, asi nzvimbo kwokushandisa kwavo, akasiyana-siyana kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro, associative nezvaanogona, uyewo achishandisa kuumbwa zviratidzo matsva nemhaka munazvo. Zvakafanana uye antonymous nokukurukurirana uye paradigm chakajairika unoreva zvakawanda vanobatsirawo kukura mutauro. Nokuda kwayo yakakura zvaangaita, mutauro Russian ari mupenyu, kutamira chinoshamisa vanoteerera kwemasayendisiti zvose kuitika munharaunda uye kuratidza navo. Naizvozvo zvakarurama vaiona kuti upenyu vanhu zvinoratidzwa pakutanga, nomutauro wake.

Zvinorevei kuva "vakachenjera"?

Chimwe chedzidziso Dzidziso lexicology - yokusiyana uye unoreva zvakawanda. Nyanzvi dzakaona kuti shoko rose rinogona kuva nomumwe kana kupfuura kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro tsika, chikuru zvacho zvinorondedzerwa muna maduramazwi. Inoratidza zvirevo zvavo kunobatsira chechinyorwa ezvinhu anofanana pamisara. Somuenzaniso, shoko rokuti "akangwara". Fanano pacho anosarudzwa "kufamba" - anoziva. Zvisinei, izvozvo hazviratidzi yose chikuva tsika, uye ayo duku chikamu. Kutaura zvazviri, shoko kushamwaridzana rakawanda.

Ngano pamusoro King

In yakakurumbira munyori Hans Christian Andersen rungano ikoko ostrosatiricheskoy yakanyorerwa kunyange vana kuti vakuru - anenge mambo pamberi vanhu mushwi. Vanyepedzeri tailors akamuudza kuti poshyut chinoshamisa hembe kwenyaya iyi, izvo zvinogona kuona chete akangwara (anofanana muvhangeri iyi - ine nzvimbo) vanhu. Kana yaAugust munhu, kana ake courtiers ndisingadi kubvuma kuti havasi kuona uye hungiso mumaoko mbavha. Pashure pezvose, hapana anoda zvakaitika benzi, akagara mumwe cheya kana chigaro mufundisi. Yakanga chete mwana, mweya uye pfungwa dzaiva vakaperera uye kwaitika, kwete kutya kudanidzira kuti mambo - kupfeka! muenzaniso uyu anotaura chimwe mumumvuri zvinoreva shoko "akangwara", inova fanano - "vakatendeseka, chokwadi, akanaka, akatendeseka."

etymological date

Edza kuumba sei chiratidzo vakapinda matauriro edu. Maererano duramazwi Vasmer, anouya kubva kwechiSlavonic chimiro "neIkoniyumu." Nekuti mutauro pangoro, zvakajairika necheSalvic marudzi ose, uye pakanga yokuRussia shoko rekare "Um", Old kwechiSlavonic musiyano wezvinyorwa, ipapo Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, etc. Mashoko "akangwara" uye rakafanana nerokuti nemidzi Latin - «aumuõ», kureva, pfungwa, uye «aumenis» - «ndangariro», uyewo yakati demonstrable nezvichaitika yayo Old kwechiSlavonic midzi.

Digression mumaduramazwi

Zvino funga kuti chiratidzo ikarapwa mune maduramazwi. Izvi zvichakubatsira patsanura noruvara zvarinoreva uye zvichiita nzira yokushandisa kwayo pakutaura, mabhuku, etc.

• Ngatitange pamwe duramazwi, rakapepetwa vaEfuremu. Mariri kududzirwa shoko rakapiwa pachishandiswa ayo mukukurukurirana zvokuyamura. Somuenzaniso, kana tiri kufunga chisazitasingwi "akangwara", zvarinoreva ndeiyi :. "Munhu ane pfungwa yakajeka, akangwara, zvakanaka ' Kana somunhu chipauro, zviri correlated pamwe runoenzanirana rokuti "akangwara -. Murume / unyanzvi, rokunyengedza mhuka" Ichi zvakananga ukoshi. Asi panewo inotakurika. Maererano naye, rakafanana nerokuti "akangwara" - ane unyanzvi (unyanzvi maoko), vakangwara (akangwara muchina kombiyuta), vakadzikama musayendisiti.
• Collegiate Collegiate Dictionary - mairi shoko zvichishandurwa se "ane zvaiti, kushandisa pfungwa, akangwara." Somuenzaniso: "Tema, kuva vakachenjera, kwete kudaro!"
• Duramazwi Kuznetsova kusiyaniswa kukosha chiratidzo, zvichienderana uyo pane kutaura - nezvomunhu kana mhuka. Muchiitiko chokutanga, kududzirwa vakadaro "akangwara - munhu ane pfungwa," wechipiri - ". Vakachenjera, vakangwara" Somuenzaniso, imwe "musikana akachenjera", "nomuvuki katsi." ukoshi ichi kutanga iri rinonyanya. Secondary chete rinobva unoenderana tsanangudzo "vakachenjera -. Akaberekwa pfungwa, mwero mutongo, dzidzo" Mienzaniso: "akangwara firimu - anodzidzisa; akangwara chinhu - hunonzwisisa ".
• Mumwe vanoremekedzwa zvikuru uye zvinokosha zvinyorwa zvemitauro mabhuku - Dictionary Ozhegova uye Shvedova. Dudziro mashoko mairi "akangwara" pedyo kududzirwa Kuznetsova. Kureva, inokosha :. "Smart - ane pfungwa kana anoratidza ake" Somuenzaniso, imwe "akangwara chitarisiko, munhu, chipangamazano." Mupfungwa yokufananidzira kunge "akangwara pepa", "kutaura akangwara". Secondary zvinoreva: "munhu anonzwisisa akasika pfungwa" - "nomuvuki chiito."

Yegwara anoreva zvakafanana uye antonyms

The Kuongorora lexical zvinoreva shoko tiri kufarira kwaizova kukwana pasina kufungisisa Links ayo zvakafanana uye antonyms paradigm. Kuzviziva, kamwe zvakare isu nyaya maduramazwi. Chii fanano kweshoko vatungamiriri "akangwara" kupa? Izvi "akangwara," "benzi," "vakachenjera," "vakachenjera," "akangwara," "akangwara," "smyshlony", "kufunga" zvokukurukura "brainy", "brainy", "brainy". Vose vane sema "kuvapo pfungwa". Saka, Griboyedov ari mutambo "nhamo kubva zvaiti" FAMUSOV rinotaura Chatsky kuti "musoro muduku / Uye rinobwinya anonyora, anoshandura." Mumwe unoshamisa muenzaniso synonymization - dimikira "musoro pamafudzi ake." Upotreblonny mupfungwa yokufananidzira (nezvekumwe idioms), izvozvo zvokurimisa zvinoreva zvakafanana: "Munhu haangatongopfuuri muupenyu huno, kana ane musoro pamafudzi ake. Kubva chero nzvimbo outputs uchawana chimedu chechingwa uye nguva dzose ichabereka. " Kana antonyms, ipapo vari pachena: "benzi," "benzi," "vanokanganwa," "unready", "benzi", "musoro".