Chimiro chezvivakamutauro - ndiwo mashoko nechokunze zvivakamutauro zvinoreva mutauro. Types uye maitiro zvivakamutauro siyana

Mashoko ose ari mumutauro Russian zvakadaro pasi mitemo uye pfungwa chokuita nayo. Mumwe izvi pfungwa ndiyo Chimiro chezvivakamutauro. Mumwe nomumwe wedu, kutanga kudzidza mutauro wokuRussia, nguva dzose atarisana ushe pasi kukurukurwa.

Nokuti Chimiro shoko kunoratidzwa pamberi tsanangudzo dzakawanda. Kunyanya, tsanangudzo zvakawanda kana rakatetepa. Kufunga pfungwa iri yakamanikana mupfungwa, munhu aigona nharo kuti Chimiro - ndiro pakunzi shoko siyana kana chinzvimbo chinokosha mashoko, ayo chimiro. Uye panguva imwe chete, mune zvimwewo mupfungwa, rudzi mazwi mumutauro wokuRussia - lexical nokuzivikanwa ezvinhu akafanana mashoko.

Shoko siyana vanogona dzinosiyana zvivakamutauro rinoreva (muchina - muchina, ambuya - a mbuya, etc ...). Zvisinei, havasi vaiona vakaparadzana zviratidzo (mazwi matsva). NdiEzekieri. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanoumba mumwe paradigms makuru uye simba, musimboti riri pakuti mienzaniso - imwe chiratidzo shoko fomu. Wevakadzidza kubatana chiratidzo chiri kubatana nheyo dzayo inflectional shoko siyana. Kunyange zvazvo mune tsika, ungasangana kunze muchimiro "doublets" phonetic uye morphological (overshoe - Shoe, verenga - verenga). Asi zvinokosha kuti tiyeuke kuti lexical uye zvivakamutauro nezvaanoreva havapo yega, asi vari kuramba kuwirirana.

paradigm

Paradigm - hurongwa unoratidza kusiyana mumwechete shoko pasi pokudzora girama mhando. Pane zvina chikuru akasiyana paradigm:

• Morphological tichigara chikamu, anonzi mudzi;
• lexical (homonyms, anoreva zvakafanana, antonyms, zvichingodaro);
• shoko-inotungamirwa - kwegadziriro nokuumba mazwi kubva substrate;
• nemarongerwo - boka yakasiyana mamiriro mazano kuti vataure syntactic ukoshi itsva.

mutauro Tools

Uye Chimiro - rudzi mutauro maturusi kubatsira kuvaka zvinoreva mashoko. Tools, tichifunga sezvinoita mutakuri zvarinoreva kungaratidzwa pachishandiswa anokosha siyana: suffixes, affixes, harinzwi dzokuAustralia, prefixes.

Saka zvinoita kunan'anura genus, nzufu, uye uwandu emazita, adjectives uye adverbs uye zvisazitasingwi. Suffixes, akavapindurawo, zvichiitirwa kuratidza rechiito iri zvatoitika chimiro PARTICIPLE uye gerunds. Kusimbisa zvinoratidza munhurume, nhamba emazita, shoko rechiito mhando mhuka. Zvireva mwene vanofanira kunan'anura kuti zviitiko emazita, zvisazitasingwi uye sezviverengo.

variability

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro Chimiro iri yakamanikana mupfungwa, muchiitiko ichi, nyaya huru ndiyo variability mashoko. By ichi, mumutauro wokuRussia unonyanyozivikanwa kunzwisiswa sezvo musiyano iri kusiyana mashoko, asi chete mashoko (nekuguma, munhu wacho mashoko, uye zvichingodaro. N.). Somuenzaniso, tii - tii, kana - kana chete. Kana mashoko bindepinde semantically: makeke - makeke (yakasiyana kusimbisa), maakaundendi - maakaundendi muchitoro - muchitoro.

kutaura chikwata

Kana isu nokubatanidza pfungwa, mashoko Chimiro - ane sangano zvivakamutauro zvinoreva pamwe achishandisa mashoko ayo. Chimiro chezvivakamutauro anokwanisa kuratidza vakawanda tsika.

How kuvaka imba kubva zvidhina uye mashoko akaiumba. Vane phonetic Chimiro chavo uye girama zvaanoreva. vari akazivisa saizvozvo dzimwe nguva, asi anoreva zvakasiyana zvachose.

Zvivakamutauro zvinoreva shoko - payo tinoberekwa mashoko ose pfungwa avhareji non-zvakananga lexical zvinorehwa namashoko aya. Kuti Ndiko husingaoneki, generalized kunzwisisa mashoko.

Chimiro chezvivakamutauro - ndiko, Sezvambotaurwa zvishoma pamusoro, pfungwa rwakafara uye zvakadzika. Categorical kusarura kutaura dzingasiyana-siyana pamusoro nyaya. Somuenzaniso, Madagascar, Madagascar, Madagascar. Munyaya inotevera nyaya anoonekwa kuchinja muchikwata nguva. Somuenzaniso, ngatiende, enda. Uyezve, zviri pamusoro kuchinja muchikwata che munhu. Somuenzaniso, urwa, urwa, chikaparara. Uyewo mumutauro wokuRussia vari bvumidzwa yekupindurwa zvivakamutauro chimiro shoko muchikwata che mafungiro. Somuenzaniso, basa, basa, kuti kushanda.

Zvivakamutauro zvinoreva mashoko ane zvakasiyana mwero abstraction. Somuenzaniso, emazita-siyana Muzviitiko. Zvisinei, kunyange pano pane kunze, sezvo asina ose pazita angachinja fomu kusiya. Somuenzaniso, unogona kutaura altruist - altruistka mukwiri - mukwiri, mudzidzisi - mudzidzisi, munhu mutambi - mutambi. Asi mashoko wepo, purofesa, kondakita, muimbi vanogara chete (mukono) chechikadzi. Muchiitiko ichi declension vaiona kunze vari, vakafanana navamwe shoko.

zvivakamutauro gutsikana

Chimiro chezvivakamutauro - ndiko yaingowanikwa shoko iri zvachose kunorondedzerwa zvivakamutauro kugutsikana. Chii chinorehwa kuti? Somuenzaniso, shoko rokuti "yakadzorerwa" rinoreva rechiito kare, mugumisiro pamusoro pazita yakazonaka rume. Zvinoreva shoko akapfuura mutauro Ezvemutauro. Kunyora shoko-chimiro "sill" iri paku kuchisazitasingwi, zvakakodzera kushandisa -s nemagumo.

A zvivakamutauro rechiito yakazonaka "pendi" aripo ari kutendeuka pachishandiswa kuvhara ja. Mumwe muenzaniso: rechiito "pangozi" pamwe kupedza -at inoratidza imperfective rechiito uye rokuti "motokari" pamwe kupedza -a rinoratidza kuti shoko riri hazvo zvechikadzi, uye ane basa rakasiyana nemamwe nhamba.

Words kureva zviito

The zvivakamutauro rechiito mumutauro wokuRussia kunoratidzwa nhanhatu mumapoka: inzwi, manzwiro, nhamba, nerongo, munhu, nomutsa. Mukuwedzera, mutauro wakashandiswa mhando nhatu Kwemanzwiro verbs:

• inotodiwa (kudya, enda, kukanda), kureva kuti, uchakurati-;
• INDICATIVE, anoita chiito munguva kuitika nguva kubvumirwa, sapamazuva ino uye akaronga (We vagadzire Achauya mangwana Vatori kuwana munhu ..);
• SUBJUNCTIVE rinoreva zvinozoita, izvo zvinokwanisika zvikuru uye anonzwisisa (akadana. Aigona kunge akasara pamba. Ndinoda kutenda).

Category verbs akaratidza zvimwe zvishandiso mitauro. Muenzaniso: "kunzwa - vakanzwa wakadiridza - wakadiridzwa."

Rokuti vane chete verbs munguva zvatoitika. Pano Chimiro shoko Somuenzaniso, ndivo kugumiswa yakajeka. Nekuti hazvina rume. Nokuti mukadzi basa, uye neuter - -o. Somuenzaniso, kumhanya, mhanya, kumhanya.

repakona

Hwaro zvivakamutauro siyana vanoonekwa kuti mitauro zviratidzo vaifanira kuratidza zvivakamutauro zvinoreva shoko. Zvivakamutauro siyana vari rakakamurwa derivational uye inflectional. Forms vari lexical uye girama. Asi chero zvakadaro hakufaniri kuvhiringidzwa chokuita nemashoko zvivakamutauro siyana mashoko. Izvi zvinhu zvakasiyana.

Related Mashoko vane mudzi, asi zvichiri mashoko akasiyana! House, musha, pokugara, kuchengetedza. Kana isu nezvazvo yakarurama Chimiro shoko "musha", uchakurati- Somuenzaniso, musha, imba neimba, dzimba.

Kunzwisisa kwakaita fomu

Zvivakamutauro siyana vakasiyana kunzwisisa uye iri nyore. Kazhinji, pamitemo yemitauro siyana vakasikwa tichibatsirwa mitauro zviratidzo - affixes harinzwi. Kana vari kugadzikana mune mamwe embodiments yokudzokorora. mutauro Ezvemutauro. Somuenzaniso, diminutive chimiro anoratidza suffixes -tuples, -ek, -ochek. Somuenzaniso, hari, mwanakomana, vazukuru, ruva.

Creation uye kuchinja mashoko - kunzwisisa uye polysyllabic muitiro. Paradigms mamwe mashoko vaiona yakaoma. Kwakadaro zvivakamutauro siyana, sezvo ari kudzidza mutauro, uye tsika, zvakajairika mazuva. Somuenzaniso, ari pazita nyaya paradigm - munhu symbiosis kuti nyaya wordforms zvose kuchisazitasingwi uye muzvizhinji siyana. Complete paradigm chinosanganisira kwete asingasviki shanu private paradigms.

Zvakanyorwa nenzira yakasiyana pane richinzwika

Zvakakodzera kuziva zvimwe zviri girama siyana. The tsamba "g" unorira "B" iri harinzwi ari genitive rume uye neuter adjectives uye zvisazitasingwi. Somuenzaniso, zvangu, Spicy, simba, kutsanya. Kana - inosvika nhasi. In zvavo kukurukurirana, vamwe sezviverengo vari kutaurwa se zvakasiyana pane zvakanyorwa. Somuenzaniso, chiuru (tyscha), makumi matanhatu (Shays), makumi mashanu (Pace).

Panewo chaiyo siyana mashoko kutanga ane mbiri, dvug- kana maviri. Tinofanira kuyeuka kuti anyore kuti: maviri misoro, chine nyanga mbiri, couplet,-gore maviri mavhoriyumu, mbiri-humped they, mavhoriyamu maviri, vaviri-chinhu, dvugrivennik. Tinofanirawo kuyeuka mataurirwo emashoko mashoko akadai vanobhadharwa, akaripira, akabhadhara. Uye kwete uplOchenny, zaplOchenny, oplOchenny.

zvakasiyana siyana

In Russian, akapa zvinotevera mhando zvivakamutauro siyana:

• Nemarongerwo. Nemarongerwo shoko fomu rakaumbwa kare. It kunoratidzwa hapana mumwe, asi nzira dzakawanda shoko inotungamirwa, kufungisisa zvakasiyana-siyana ruzha uye chiperengo. Kazhinji, munhu chakaita zvokugadzirwa chimiro mashoko akashandiswa zvinoyevedza werudzii, sezvo ivo vanoonekwa zvikuru wokufananidzira, pamwe unoshamisa nenzira. Zvishoma inowanzoshandiswa mumutauro sayenzi. Dzimwe nguva nokuda rokutendeutsa zvose mitemo mutauro wokuRussia shoko wana syntactic chimiro dissonant kana rurimi-mamiriro kana vakawana zvakanyanyisa mashoko refu.
• Morphological. Izvi zvinozoita vari rakamuka-kamuka lexical uye zvivakamutauro uye inflectional siyana.

Features zvivakamutauro Mapoka vari zvakananga novimba sei inesungano chikamu chimwe chokutaura. Somuenzaniso, nhamba iri inoitika chete kuchinja pamusoro nyaya. Okufananidza dhigirii muri adjectives, adverbs, uye mashoko anoreva hurumende. Verbs vari kuri mumashoko zvinenge zvose Mapato. Zvisazitasingwi - chechikadzi chete, nhamba uye nyaya.

kungotaurawo

Maererano nemitemo yedu mutauro ravakwa kunzwisisa, zvivakamutauro mamiriro kutaura kunobva, kunyanya, pane dzimwe mitemo uye mitemo inotungamirwa uye kuchinja mashoko. Kuti vazive mitemo, zvinokosha kudzidza Morphology, ndiko zvose chokuita paradigmatic shoko chaihwoihwo kuziva zvinoreva mashoko. Shoko - nderei chairema yomutauro. Chine ane Audio zvinoriumba, asi lexical zvinoreva uye chepamutemo zvivakamutauro specificity. A Chimiro - kwete kuti mumwe, sezvo mutauro wemasaini, iro rinobatanidza zvinhu divi uye husingaoneki pfungwa. A kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro chimiro makabuda zvivakamutauro zvaanoreva.