Scientific Revolution: kubudirira uye mikana

Vasati paiva chaiye musayenzi chimurenga, vanhu chakaiswa zvinokosha zvakawanwa kuti chakaratidza kutanga mberi kukuru. Vanhu vakanga atoshandisa nepfuti uye gunpowder kujekesa ukama, vakayambuka gungwa pamusoro ngarava uye makungwa kundotsvaka munyika itsva. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvakagadzirwa - muchina wokudhinda - akaita kuti zvibvire kuti kuchengeta mashoko anowanika, tisingabvumiri vanhu kudzokorora cherechedza nguva. Knowledge akakura, ukama pakati penyika uye nzanga zvakawedzera. Uye zvose izvi nguva dzose pave murayiro mashiripiti akadaro kwevanhu kwebudiriro seyokutanga chimurenga nesayenzi.

History anotiudza kuti chipo unopikisa zvose itsva, remangwana vaifarira. Saka, kutaura kuti kuMiddle Ages sayenzi vaifamba kusvetuka uye miganhu, hachisi zvakakodzera. rwokugadzira zvinhu zvose vane chete inoshanda, vakashandisa hunhu, uye zvikuru itsva pfungwa uye vanhu kuataura, zvaitambudzwa anotyisa. The kutombonaka ndechokuti haina paakaziva cosmopolitans nguva, izvozvo vakabvunza kururama kwemashoko huripo postulates, izvo zvakonzera zvesayenzi chimurenga rechi17. Ngatitorei munhu nemaonero pamusoro zvakasikwa, nzvimbo iyo vanoonekwa Earth. Dzidziso Fall, denga negehena muri chinokosha faniro kereke vatungamiriri panguva iyoyo, aitonga Ages nyika nokutya uye kutambudzwa. Asi imwe nzira maonero Nikolaya Kopernika kuti zvisikwa zvose pasi pano, kusanganisira Earth, Anoisa zuva, pakati pezana remakore rechi16 akatungamirira munzanga ezvinhu nehana. Masayendisiti pachavo panguva iyoyo vakanga vasiri ushingi zvokuti kuti afumure hwake padanda. Naizvozvo, zvichida, mumwe bhuku nesayenzi Nikolaya Kopernika, rakabudiswa pashure pokufa kwayo munyori.

Asi, chero vakati uye ndikaita, ndicho dzidziso nyanzvi huru yaiva danho rokutanga rekuona kuti yokutanga chimurenga yesayenzi zvaitika. Picture wenyika, akaziva achiri zvakaoma uye kusina mubvunzo, yakaparara pamberi vakashamiswa voruzhinji. A muteveri Copernican zvomuchadenga Brahe kuti ndarama uye akadzokorora ayo zvakawanwa kwakarurama Zano nzvimbo miviri makuru yokudenga mukati zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri renyeredzi, kure nomumwe. Saizvozvo wakange chokuudzwa chenyeredzi okutanga.

Uyezve, zvesayenzi chimurenga rechi17 mberi zvikuru mabasa Galileo Galilei. In zvake akanga atova teresikopu akaita muNetherlands, raakanga vakabudirira reconstructed uye hwakavandudzika uye akakwanisa kuona mavara uye craters pamusoro mwedzi, vakaona nomwedzi waZeusi uye maitikiro ose Venus akatsanangurwa. Uye Chechi zvino kutya uye chaizvoizvo akaridza aramu. The nyanzvi yakakurumbira pasi marwadzo rufu, akatongerwa upenyu pasi aigara mumba uye aitofanira kubvuma ake vawana zvose yakakanganiswa.

Zvisinei, hurumende masayendisiti ndotodururwa pavakandirambidza kushamwaridzana nerimwe mavhiri nyaya. Mabhuku Galileo uye zvinyorwa Copernicus ave mumitauro European uye kupararira dzakavakidzana neRoma. Izvi zvakaguma kuwanikwa Kepler kwakaita elliptical Maumbirwe mapuraneti muchadenga. Vakazosunungurwa akaanyora Rudolphine tafura, izvo zvakaita kuti tikwanise mathematically chaiwo Masvomhu pamusoro inofamba kwemiviri yokudenga.

Chimwe chimurenga nesayenzi Rawedzera uye akashamisa nyika mitemo Newton vake, zvidzidzo womunhu muviri zvokurapa uye anatomical, achipa pave nepfungwa yokuti ropa anoparadzira kuburikidza rutapudzo mwoyo ventricles. Uye pakazopera rechi17 paiva mutauro akarongeka, theorem gadziriro zviratidzo wakashamira. Uye, tinogona kutaura kuti yapera wokutanga chimurenga yesayenzi nokusika Pascal kuti karukureta, uye ipapo mberi ne Leibniz uye inokwanisa kubudisa chokuwanziridza maturo.