Ko mavara ezuva anokanganisa kuonekwa kwemavara emucheka paganda here?

Ichokwadi kuti maitiro emasvikiro anooneka pane chiedza chedu nguva nenguva, inotaura izwi rakakurumbira, kuratidza pfungwa yokuti hakuna munhu uye hapana chakakwana munyika: "Uye pane mavara pazuva". Zvinhu zvakadai zvakave zvichengetwa kwenguva refu uye neziso rakashama, uye zvinyorwa zvinopupurira izvi. Semuenzaniso, vanyori veRussia vanotaura kuti mavara paSu aigona kuonekwa "ako misumisi." Uye ndezvechokwadi, kana iwe ukatarisa nyeredzi huru yegadziriro yedu kuburikidza nekusvuta girazi, unogona kuona huwandu humwe humwe, dzimwe nguva kuungana mumifananidzo yehukuru kana hudiki hukuru. Chiitiko ichi chii, uye chinokanganisa sei vagari venyika?

Chokutanga pane zvose, ndinofanira kutaura kuti kuti ndione sunspots isina teresikopu, inofanira kunge yakaita mamita ane zana emakiromita, iyo yakawanda kanomwe pane yakakura kukura kwepasi redu. Uye zvakajeka kuti dambudziko guru rakadai haringagoni kuonekwa zvisingaonekwi pasi pano, nokuti hupenyu hwepasi redu hunoenderana nesimba rezuva. Saka chii chiri kuitika ipapo pamoto unopisa, mamiriyoni emakiromita kure? Vanhu vakabvunza mubvunzo uyu zvisati zvaitika. Galileo Galilei akacherechedza zvakaratidzwa masikati, uye akacherechedza kuti haana hanya. Izvo zvinosanganisira nheyo yakasviba (Galileo akaitumidza semumvuri) uye nharaunda-yemumvuri (penumbra).

Musayendisiti akangwara aiva mumwe wekutanga kutarisa kuti sunspots inoonekwa isina kufanana kwose kwose, asi pamakore ekukwirira kwayo. Zvinoratidzika kuti dzinotangira pamapuranga, uye zvino "kuputira" kuEquator, asi haigoni kusvika pairi. Muna 1841, masayendisiti akagumisa kuti "patchiness" yakadaro yevhenekeri ine nguva yayo-inenge makore gumi nemana. Pakutanga, zvisingawaniki, zvakapararira, maduku maduku anooneka, zvino anowedzera, anowedzera mumapoka, mune mairi makuru makuru-masikati - kumabvazuva uye kumadokero kwekunze kweboka. Mushure mokudzidza chirevo chezviitiko izvi muzana remakore rechi20, masayendisiti akasvika pakupedzisira kuti vakafanana nemapuranga maviri akatarisana magnetti.

Nei zuva richiuya? Vanyori vanoongorora nyeredzi vanobatanidza chiitiko ichi nekuwedzera mune basa re magnetic field of the star (iyo, nenzira, inewo periodicity yemakore 11). Kuwedzera kwekupararira kweplasma yezuva, kubuda kwevakawanda kwevakakurumbira kunokonzera kuonekwa kwemaitiro emaginiti. Izvozvi, zvinotungamirira kune chokwadi chokuti mune imwe nzvimbo nzvimbo yekupisa yemarara inowira nehafu nehafu haundi madigiri pakuenzanisa neainge akapoteredza pamusoro pezemafoto. Sezvo majekesa ari mu "nzvimbo inononoka" inowedzera simba, ziso redu rinoona nzvimbo iyi serati rima.

Unoita chero ipi zvayo inokurumidza uye inonyangarika mamiriro erima pamusoro pezuva re disk inobatanidzwa mune zvehupenyu hwezuva nezuva pasi pano? Nevamwe, zvichida kwete. Asi sezvo sunspots inopupurira basa rinowedzera renyeredzi, vanoshumira se "kunyeverwa nedutu" kwatiri, vanhu. Mafungu emhepo uye kuwedzera kwezvikamu zvinokanganisa kwete chete kuwedzerwa kweropa, iro rinokonzerwa nehuwandu hwehutachiona, kwete kungowedzera ngozi yehutano hwemwoyo kune avo vakafanirwa kwavari, asiwo kunotungamirira kumusoro uye kunzwa kwekunzwisisika kusanzwisisika kwevanhu vane utano hwakanaka. Uyezve, basa rezuva rinogona kukanganisa nekushandiswa kwemasvingo ekuparadzira, kutaurirana kwevatyairi vepambisi nevatongi vepasi uye kuputsa kushambadzira kwefoni.

Asi kuvevara kwemavara kubva kunezuva kunoratidzika zvakananga. Ichinhu cheganda chinokonzerwa nekugadzirwa kwemaranin uye kupenya kweganda (muchimiro chetanowanzoti kana kuti sechinhu chinotadza) chinobudiswa pasi pesimba remirairo ye ultraviolet. Kuwanda kwemasikati aya tinowedzera, iyo inowedzera maranin inobudisa ganda. Asi mhirizhonga yedu ine mazai eUV inofanirwa, pane kudaro, kwete pazuva, asi pakudzivirira pasi nemhepo yakadzika. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ozone - mhedziso yekusava nehanya kwedu kwezvinhu zvipenyu - inogadzirisa nzvimbo yakachengetedza yemhepo, saka irradiation ne ultraviolet inowedzera. Nguva dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushisa kwemhepo dzinokosha zvakare. Somuenzaniso, munguva yegore (May-June) nheyo dzepamusoro dzisati dzichipisa, uye zuva rinowanzove rakakwirira. Saka, May May ndiyo inonyanya kuipa: inogona kutungamirira kunzvimbo dzisina kudiwa uye kupisa kwezuva.