Russian Black Sea Fleet: murwiyo uye mazita zvikepe

Pashure zvakaitika 2014 kuCrimea akakwezva zvakare pfungwa kwete chete vokuRussia, asiwo, zvichida, nyika. Uye hazvisi chete mune zvematongerwo enyika chinyadzo pakati penyika mbiri - Russia neUkraine. Uye hakusi kuti swiftness nako Russia akambomisa Crimean oparesheni. Uye kuti pashure kudzoka Crimean Russian Black Sea Fleet awana upenyu wechipiri.

Hazvina kuti mumakore tenzi kubudikidza Ukraine Crimean kumhenderekedzo Crimean kukura seiyi zvikuru pasi muchivande, uye mari kubva hurumende papfuma kwerunyararo Peninsula dzinounzwa zvishomanana. Izvi zvakakanganisa Naval nezvigadziko muCrimea. Nyaya ino edza kutsanangura chii tarisiro Russia anofanira kukudziridza Black Sea Fleet ari Crimean kweItari.

Balaklava Bay. A Nhoroondo shoma

Tinoziva kubva munhoroondo kuti mumunda kuti sezvo Crimea akauya pasi muridzi kweRussia, zviri Balaklava Bay chikepe Russian Black Sea Fleet muAtlantic. Sezvo 1776 Balaklava Greek Navi rechiuto raiva panzvimbo ino. Hwaro rechiuto ichi vaiva vatama, vechikamu protivoosmanskogo Kumukira zvitsuwa Gungwa reAegean. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vakawanda Tsarina Catherine Mukuru, zvakanzi kuzivikanwa kwavo nyasha vakashinga vaGiriki.

Kubva 1853 kusvika 1856, munguva Crimean hondo, Balaklava Bay uye vakanga akabatwa British nemauto. Vakatendeuka muna Balaklava Bay uto nechigadziko uye, chokwadi, kare vakaita nezvakasiyana uye rutsigiro nemauto akanga kukombwa Sebastopol.

In weboka zvikepe pakati kuUkraine uye Russia kwakaita August 1994 Black Sea Fleet muna Crimea aiva zvachose 153rd uye 155th Brigade kuti rechi14 Division.

In ichi 475 fung Division akanga 14 fung guru uye 9th svikiro Ngarava dzepasi pemvura uye zvinoyangarara chawo Ngarava dzepasi pemvura.

Asi ndinofanira kutaura kuti yepasi pemvura "Zaporizhia" (Project 641), ceded kuUkraine panguva weboka zvikepe, kuti michina parameters nokuti Database yakanga kukodzera.

Uye pashure weboka zvikepe, akatumirwa nechiteshi chengarava kuti kugadziridza, iro achiri kuedza kubata Ukrainian Navy.

Mushure 1995 Russian Navy pakupedzisira akasiya mvura Ukraine, Balaklava chawo yakasiyiwa. Uye wake "vanatenzi" chaiko vaiva vavhimi ferrous uye nonferrous nesimbi, sezvo pechingoro ane hombe uwandu zvishandiswa uye michina.

Uye pashure pfupi apo Russian Black Sea Fleet akasiya miganhu mvura kuUkraine nguva, Balaklava pechingoro paiva dzinosiririsa kuona.

Ndizvo chinhu kusora rweguta uye apo panopinda akava chirimwa pevhu kuti kudzorerwa uye yokugadzirisa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura Black Sea Fleet. Top-muchivande chawo vaishingaira kushandiswa Soviet Union panguva Cold Hondo uye sezvo muchitoro zvombo zvenyukireya.

kushandiswa nani chakavanzika pangoro, asi kuti vaite nzvimbo Tours kweuto yepasi pemvura nechigadziko, wokuUkraine zviremera havana kuwana.

It akaparadzanisa Black Sea Fleet

Chibvumirano pamusoro tsika uye mamiriro ezvinhu wokuRussia Black Sea Fleet vari miganhu mumvura uye zviteshi rweUkraine akanga yakasainwa muKiev musi 28 May 1997, pahwaro ane neIntergovernmental chibvumirano. Akadonongodza zvinhu kuzvitsaura of Black Sea Fleet uye nemisha nechokuita weboka iri. Zvinyorwa izvi zvakaiswa chagamuchirwa neHurumende Duma uye Ukrainian Parliament muna 1999

The chibvumirano zvaiita kuti zviparadzanise Russian Black Sea Fleet uye Ukrainian Navy. Huru nechigadziko uye kudzimbahwe, kwakasarudzwa kusiya Sevastopol. A pfuma nharo aifanira kufungwa chibvumirano pamusoro weboka pfuma. Saka Russia akabva 87,7% uye Ukraine - 12.3% rwengarava zvose.

Munguva yose iyi zvinoenderana ari pamutemo of Black Sea Fleet yaro unozotevera mugumo, Chokwadi, isakarurama nedambudziko ravo yetsiva kugona. Vazhinji kubvira 1991 kusvika 1997. chiitiko kuonekwa sechinhu chokwadi chokuti Sea Black Fleet Russia iri zvishoma nezvishoma asi zvirokwazvo kufa.

Black Sea Fleet vari Glance

Fananidzo kusanganiswa Zvinoumba iyi vasingagoni kusimbisa morale pakati vashandi.

Saka, enzanisa nhamba.

1. The Black Sea Fleet mugore 1991:

- Revashandi - vanhu 100 zviuru ..

- The Nhamba zvikepe - 835 zvose zviripo zvidzidzo:

• Ngarava dzepasi pemvura - 28;
• chombo ngarawa - 6;
• Anti sevatsvaki vemapuranga - 2;
• BOD II chinzvimbo, vaparadzi uye chikwata ngarava II giredhi - 20;
• TFR - 40 inokwana zviyero;
• diki chombo magwa uye zvikepe - 30;
• trawlers - 70;
• Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika zvikepe - 50;
• Naval Aviation - kupfuura muzvikamu zvina.

2.Chernomorsky Russian zvikepe muna 1997:

• Kuwanda vashandi - vanhu 25 zviuru .. (Pamunoita 2 zviuru. Man muhondo ndege uye Marine Corps).
• Kuwanda zvikepe - 33.
• Of ndege mu zvikepe - 106 (izvo 22 yetsiva).
• Warrior motokari - 132.
• Command namagwatidziro - 16 (yaiva 80).
• Communication Zvivako - 11 (kubva 39).
• Electronic basa Zvivako - 11 (yaiva 40).
• Zvinhu shure - 9 (50).
• Ship kugadzira Zvivako - 3 (7).

Under chikamu 1997 of Ukrainian Navy aiva:

• Warships - 30.
• Ngarava dzepasi pemvura - 1.
• Combat ndege - 90.
• Special chinangwa zvikepe - 6.
• nechokwadi Court - muzvikamu 28.

Mamiriro Black Sea Fleet

Black Sea Military rengarava Russia kwagara uye inoramba mumwe chikuru zvinokonzera rakatsiga nokuchengeteka kumaodzanyemba gungwa kuenda mirayiridzo. Black Sea Fleet warships chete kuita zvose zvinobvira nechokwadi kuti mabasa aya dziri kumuganhu Sea Black uye reMediterranean.

Asi Gungwa Black rengarava anokwanisa kuita kurwisana mabasa uyewo siyana kumatunhu munyanza.

Russian Black Sea Fleet ngarava zvinobudirira mabasa vari muGungwa Japan, pamwe kuBaltic Fleet. Court of chikwata kuti muchirongwa chokufambisa rengarava Nokuraramisa akavhiyiwa kutakura muSiriya namakemikari zvombo muGungwa reMediterranean.

On ziendamberi hwaro inonzi Black Sea Fleet ngarava vari kubudirira musangano matambudziko rokurwisa piracy.

Kuwedzera padanho muhondo

Crimea Dzokai maumbirwo Russia Achawedzera kuvandudza kurwa kubudirira Black Sea Fleet. Russia iri vakaronga hwaro aiva nomukana zvakanaka kukudziridza Navy pamusoro Crimean kweItari.

Mauto wengarava pachaiswa muna Crimea, ane Integrated hurongwa, izvo zvinosanganisira uye nyika zvigadziko. Russian Black Sea Fleet awana huru umbowo pekugara ngarava - Sevastopol.

Basic misimboti akkommodasie anotsanangura hurongwa uye wengarava kwezvivako - yokugutsikana uye functionality. Unofanira kuzodzosera kushongedzera nzvimbo muBhaibheri pamusoro zvikepe uye Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, riri pamhenderekedzo kudzivirira mauto ose pakuraramisa zvakakwana basa uye upenyu.

List reBlack Sea Fleet ngarava

The bhuku rinotaura zvakawanda mashoko pamusoro dzatinogona kufungidzira chii Russian Black Sea Fleet nhasi.

Payroll pamusoro ngarava ramakumi matatu kutozopesanisa

• Guards chombo ngarawa "Moskva".
• "Kerch" - antisubmarine guru chikepe.
• Gwaro chikepe "Sharp-witted".
• Chikwata chikepe "OK".
• Chikwata chikepe "aida kuziva".

The Kuronga kumhara zvikepe 197th Brigade:

Large Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika zvikepe:

• "Nikolai Phylchenkov".
• "Orsk".
• "Saratov".
• "Azov".
• "Novocherkassk".
• "Kesari Kunikov".
• "Yamal".

The Kuronga 68 ndipo Brigade Guard zvikepe:

Small antisubmarine zvikepe:

• "Aleksandrovets".
• "Muromets".
• "Suzdalets".

Sea trawlers:

• "Kovrovets".
• "Ivan Holubec."
• "Turbinist".
• "Mutevedzeri-Admiral Zhukov."

Ngarava dzepasi pemvura:

• "Rostov-on-Don" - B237.
• "Novorossiysk" - B261.
• (Vanoratidza "Zaporozhye") - B435.
• "Alrosa" - B871.

Chombo magwa 41st Brigade:

• "Bora".
• "Sandstorm".
• "Akadzikama".
• "Mirage".

The Kuronga 295-fung kupesana Sulina:

Chombo magwa:

• "P-60".
• "P-71".
• "P-109".
• "P-239".
• "Ivanovets".

The Kuronga 184th Brigade (Novorossiysk)

Antisubmarine zvikepe:

• "Povorino".
• "Yeisk".
• "Kasimov".

trawlers:

• "Zheleznyakov".
• "Valentin Pikul".
• "Vice Admiral Zakhar'in".
• "Mineral Water".
• "Refutenendi Ilyin."
• "RT-46".
• "PT-278".
• "D-144".
• "D-199".
• "D-106".

Hazvina kunge kutsvaka nzvimbo apo kumuzinda Russian Black Sea Fleet pachaiswa. Sevastopol chainyanya akakodzera ichi (panzvimbo apo, kusvikira March 19, 2014 rave anamira uye dzimbahwe wokuUkraine Navy).

Tarisiro kukura yepasi pemvura rengarava

Mushure matare muGungwa Black chikamu iri aine yepasi pemvura - Diesel "Alrosa".

To musi, Russia ine chirongwa kuti danho kugona yepasi pemvura muchiuto of Black Sea Fleet. Matambudziko ari Implementation izvi nokuedza, reRussia Black Sea Fleet yepasi pemvura vachaona kare muna 2016.

Panguva iyi inotarisirwa okuguma itsva Diesel Ngarava dzepasi pemvura matanhatu. replenishment ichi yepasi pemvura rengarava achachinja pakuenzanisa mauto muGungwa Dema.

BSF zvino achakwanisa kugadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana-siyana ari pasi pemvura yakadzika nokusika mapoka kuti vabudirire kurwisana zvinangwa.

Kudzidzira kufamba mazuva nokuti kupinda Ngarava dzepasi pemvura zvakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, kare 22 August 2015 muSt Petersburg akarerwa St. Andrew kuti mureza pamusoro Diesel-emagetsi yepasi pemvura "Novorossiysk". Pashure wenguva pamwero nemiedzo pagungwa siyana Northern Fleet, iye pasina mubvunzo kutungamirirwa nzvimbo musha-refu.

Chechitatu yepasi pemvura yacho munhevedzano midziyo nokuti Black Sea Fleet chepurogiramu 636 - "vanha Oskol" - kwakatangwa musi August 28, 2015 Pashure kuita uye mamiriro akaoma yokuedzwa "vanha Oskol" kuchaitika yayo sechinhu chikamu Black Sea Fleet.

Asi kwete ndizvozvo zvose. Kuramba kuvakwa yepasi pemvura Hull, "Krasnodar" uye kuchipedzisa raparurwa "Rostov-on-Don".

Vachanzi vakaisa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura maviri chirongwa kusimbisa Black Sea Fleet yepasi pemvura - "Kolpino" uye "The Great Novgorod".

6 Ngarava dzepasi pemvura All "636 Diesel" chirongwa - zvemagetsi uye kusvikira 2016 vachanzi hwakatamisirwa Russian Black Sea Fleet. Crews pamusoro Ngarava dzepasi pemvura izvi achiumbwa uye vakadzidziswa mukurovedza ari nzvimbo yacho Navy.

deck-inobva ndege

Chokwadi, Gungwa Black rengarava vanosungirwa kuva zvizere uriri ndege. Zvino zvinoita kuwedzera mwero rengarava kuvandudzwa wengarava avhiyesheni. Zvinonzi aronga kushandura Su-24 ndege iri itsva Su-30 MS.

Zvinokoshawo Haazombokanganwi kuti muCrimea ibhuku rakasiyana akagadzirwa shinda. Kwemakore akawanda, ndege ndege inotakura eBhaibheri pamusoro Northern Fleet muCrimea kunge honed unyanzvi hwavo panguva iyi yakasiyana nedzimwe yakaoma.

Uyewo kuwedzera mwero yokugadzirisa huripo zvikepe zviri Black Sea Fleet. izvi zvose kuchaita kuti asvike akafanorongerwa sandara uye zvinopa ndege Russian Black Sea Fleet. The Kuronga ndege vakagadzirira kuita kurwisana mishoni kuva mukati 80% of kwaida uwandu.

Recreating yakavakirwa hurongwa

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti recreate pamusoro Crimean Peninsula, musha hurongwa kuti achazadzisa zvose zvinodiwa chokupika muhondo mishoni mudunhu.

Home garo rimire Sevastopol, saizvozvo zvinhu nokuda nekutumirwa kwemauto of Black Sea Fleet vachaparadzwa muAtlantic.

Mukuru chinodiwa kuti placement yakavakirwa hurongwa huri hwavo rusununguko zvakakwana pahwaro functionality uye kugutsikana. Pachiteshi, apo Russian Black Sea Fleet pachaiswa, murwiyo zvikepe, zvose nomumativi pemvura, zvichataurwa zvose unofanira kutakura wakakwana webasa uye upenyu.

Saka nezvinomera Crimea munguva pfupi nguva zvichaparadzwa akamisa kwakadaro inogadzirwa nzvimbo kuti aizosangana ano zvinodiwa uye michina. Kuti vashumire Newest zvikepe, izvo vanosvika pamusoro Russian Sea Black nezvikepe, anotanga munhu phased yokutsiva idzva muchina michina.

Zvino, yeUnited unitary zvebhizimisi munyika Sevastopol chaizvo vapenyu. Rave pakugadzira huru Anti-yepasi pemvura zvikepe maviri Northern Fleet (vari chikamu basa rehondo Navy muGungwa reMediterranean).

Uyewo panguva chirimwa vari kushanda inogadzirisa Diesel yepasi pemvura "Alrosa". Uyezve, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mubayiro vashandi 'chaitwa kuna-Russian zvose chechetere.

Zvino Russian Sea Black Fleet muna Sevastopol kuwana ano kugadzirisa nechimwe.

Basa iroro riri kuitwa Novorossiysk pamusoro yeUnited nangananga chirongwa rini kusvikira 2020. Pasi pechirongwa, rine kuvakwa Novorossiysk nzvimbo nekutumirwa kwemauto of Black Sea Fleet mauto. Saizvozvo, uyewo Sevastopol, chengarava yayo isingawanzowanikwi fence Pier, zvirokwazvo uchava mumwe hondo nzvimbo nekutumirwa kwemauto ngarava Russian uye Ngarava dzepasi pemvura.

yokusimbisa ngarava nokuti Black Sea Fleet

Kuti ave nechokwadi kuchengeteka wekushandisa muGungwa Dema nharaunda, yeGungwa Dema Fleet achaita hydrographers guru-siyana mabasa. Zvichava zvakafanira kuitisa zvidzidzo chinoratidza zviri yegungwa, izvo zvichaita kuti kuchinja kwakaita rwendo mepu. Hydrographic Kuongorora ngarava BSF tarisa kushanda redhiyo nemasaisai mugadziriro, zvichiteverwa kugadzirisa uye mazuvaano.

Izvi zvakaoma chose mabasa zvichaita yekudyidzana sei kuchengeteka wekushandisa mudunhu kuti, zvichaita rugare reRussia Sea Black nezvikepe, rinoumbwa ngarava iri kuramba achiudza.

Saka, kuti kushongedzera zvakaoma pasi pemvura Ngarava dzepasi pemvura uye pamusoro ngarava Black Sea Fleet richatsikwa vaisanganisa kubudikidza midziyo nhanhatu, izvo pasina mubvunzo tirambe kukanganisa kuzvidzivirira kugona uye kubvumira kuita mabasa kwete chete munzvimbo basa, izvo rinobvumira Black Sea Fleet, asiwo kumwe.