Doro lämpömittari: muchidimbu zvakanakisisa vagadziri uye mhando

Zvino zvose anozivikanwa doro thermometers. Sezvo vakasimuka, chii marudzi zviridzwa kuripo iye uye sei vari kushandiswa?

Kumumvuri yazvino lämpömittari

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti baba vake aiva Galileo Galiley lämpömittari. Pakupera ari XVI remakore, iye akasika zvimwe akatodzana ano mudziyo unonzi thermoscope. Chaiva chinhu cône uye magirazi chubhu, uye akanga zvakagadzirirwa kuona kana kuchinja mumvura tembiricha. Scale ari mudziyo uyu haana. Saka, kuti tizive kuti zvakawanda zvakaita yachinja, zvakanga zvisingaiti.

Zvadaro hwakavandudzika mudziyo, achiwedzera kwakaita marozari, mhepo yakanga yabviswa, ari cône-bhora akatendeuka kumusoro. Pakupedzisira, mvura yakatsiviwa ethyl doro. It akaita Florentine Torricelli. utsanzi ichi akabvumira kuti aite kuyerwa ari kuoma nechando ekunze. Mushure mvura panguva nechando haisi chete kuzununguswa achitevedza nedanda rechikero. Pachake girazi mudziyo dzinokaroparuka uye yakapararawo. Uyezve, doro lämpömittari yakanga yakazvimirira mumhepo kumanikidzwa. Zvishomanana yekare Florentine thermometers achiripo uye vari Galileo miziyamu.

Division vakanga vaisa pamusoro chubhu neshungu enamel, kakawanda chena, vamwe vatema. Yemanyorero vanosanganisira waibva -10 kusvika +40. The chubhu izere doro uye rakanamwa wakisi. Doro thermometers mumwe tenzi akaratidza tsika pasi pomureza ezvinhu. Asi unogovera mumwe tenzi akanga akasiyana. Pavaiedza kugovera pakafunuka kusvika 100 uye mamwe zvidimbu kuti zvakafanana ukoshi rakakundikana.

Zadza nemekiyuri lämpömittari tega G. kuchipfuura. It akapa pamwero pamusoro nechando pfungwa brine, 32 ° C, 96 madhigirii - tembiricha muviri, 212 kuoma nechando mvura. lämpömittari ichi chakashandiswa kusvikira pezana XX remakore, uye muUnited States anopfuurira kushandisa nhasi.

uvandudze lämpömittari

Pakutanga mashoko XVIII remakore Gilyom Amontons kushandura nokuyerwa hurongwa. The wokuFrance uyo akazogadzira doro lämpömittari, vanotevera rokuchinja mhepo elasticity, vachifungawo kumanikidza. Panyaya iyi, pakafunuka kwave razero tembiricha, iyo yava kunzi Mhedziso razero. Chimwe pfungwa dzose dziri lämpömittari yave kufashaira achitandadza mvura. Asi wokuFrance uyo tega doro lämpömittari, haana kufunga kwomudzimu mumhepo vomanikidza Kubika pfungwa mvura.

In chitarisiko yaiva kusveta chaicho rakazaruka ibvi kumusoro. Pasi aiva mhinduro ine potashi, uye pamusoro mafuta. The tangi rakange rakanamwa.

Scale tembiricha kuyerwa

mudziyo ichi hachisi chaizvo rakafanana ano mweya thermometers kuyera tembiricha. Panguva ino, masayendisiti akawanda akashanda zvakasikwa kana kuvandudzika kwayo huripo yokutevedzera.

Kuvandudzwa mudziyo mumwe wokuFrance. Alcohol lämpömittari Reaumur aiva chikero kubva 0 kusvika 80 inegumi. The chando vakanga vavhunduka 0 madhigirii, uye mvura yakabikwa 80. Akaziva kuti nemekiyuri uye doro vari kuwedzera munyika dzakasiyana, nokuda chikero nokuda thermometers hazvifaniri chete. Asi thermometers ake aiva mukuru uye kusagadzikana kushandisa.

Kubva pakati pezana remakore XVIII kuna XX remakore dzinoverengeka zvinokosha zvakawanwa zvakaitwa. Swede Anders Tselsy chaizvo kunorondedzerwa Kubika pfungwa razero, uye ayo nechando - pfungwa 100. It Vakawana kuti chete chando Kubika tembiricha kunobva mumhepo kufurirwa, uye kuoma nechando haina kukanganisa. Saka, boka raiva chaizvo.

mashoko chaiwo pamusoro chaizvo uyo akashandura pakafunuka "mumusoro wayo" kwete. Vamwe vanoti akaita pacharo Celsius. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi ndiye kuchinja kutungamirirwa kutambudzwa Carl Linnaeus kana Morten Shtremer.

Chirungu musayendisiti Kelvin (Vilyam Tomson) wakasika Mhedziso tembiricha pamwero kubva Mhedziso razero pamusoro Celsius chikero -273,15 inegumi.

Muzana XVIII remakore doro thermometers vave rinoparadzirwa mu Europe. Vakatanga kutengesa pamwe nevamwe zvinhu. Nepo tembiricha chikero yave kuzivikanwa nokuda 19. Naizvozvo, M. Lomonosov akapa ake, pamwe 150, uye Lambert - pamwero pamwe 375 mumapoka, rimwe nerimwe raiva akaenzana navane kuzviuru dzedenga kuwedzera.

remakore XVIII Kunoonekwa nokuva zvinokosha matongo mumunda zvisikwa uye uvandudze pamusoro zvishandiso, kusanganisira doro thermometers.

Pakupera ari XX remakore akatanga kubuda, mirayiridzo mitsva uye zvokuridzira kunobva siyana nenheyo chiito.

marudzi thermometers

• Liquid.
• Mechanical anoshanda ari ichocho, asi pane kushandisa mvura bimetallic ubvise kana zononoka.
• Electronic simbi inoshandiswa shanduko kuramba pasi pokudzora tembiricha. Rakashandiswa Platinum waya kondakita kana ra pamusoro zvedongo. Akayera kubva -200 ° C kusvika 850 ° C.
• Optical chakarondedzera inobva nenhanho kuchinja kana zvimwe parameters. Izvi zvinosanganisira michini gauges tembiricha muviri waishanda pasina nevanhu.
• Manometer, kuwedzera thermometers, pyrometric, thermoelectric.

Technical thermometers

Izvi zvinosanganisira mano kwakavakirwa ose kuyerwa. Vari ichazivikanwa noku yakawedzerwa anochinjika kuti mamiriro ezvinhu kushandiswa. Hazvina zvokurimwa, uye vibration-voga nokuda nizkogradusnye spetskamer kuti zvigadzirwa mafuta uye murabhoritari. Ivo inoshandiswa kuisa mune muridzo unoridzirwa, siyana matangi ari zvemakemikari uye zvokudya Mazinga, zvikurukuru mune shuga bhiti kugadzira.

Kuzvishandisa, uye mudzimba kuongorora tembiricha iri kugona siyana.

Vanogona kuva tote uye chisina kutsetseka. The zita kunobva mhando rezasi chikamu: nayo yakananga kana angled.

The kushanda nheyo michina doro thermometers inobva chokwadi kuti nokushanda mhinduro anowedzera kana akadzokera pasi pokudzora tembiricha.

Asati vanotenga ichi tambo mudziyo zvinokosha kuti vazivane zvachiri.

Technical doro lämpömittari anogona kuyera munhu tembiricha inobva -70 ° C 600 ° C.

Alcohol lämpömittari kuti madhigirii 100 haisi akakodzera canning. Saka jamhu anonzi wakagadzirira apo tembiricha kwayo rinosvika 106 ° C. Batsirai kuyera ayo doro lämpömittari kufusha TK-1 iliTK 110 muna simbi nyaya.

achizadza thermometers

Liquid thermometers inoshandiswa izare nemekiyuri uye doro. Asi nemekiyuri vapor vane ngozi chaizvo nokuti muviri. Ivo kuumbwa, kana isu aizopwanya chokuyeresa temburicha. Saka zvino, nemekiyuri thermometers havana kushandiswa.

Outdoor thermometers

Zvino guru mumugwagwa doro thermometers ava dzakakurumbira. kureba yavo inogona kusvika masendimita 80 uye zvakawanda. Vanogona munoshongedza masvingo muhofisi, chitoro kana bhengi. Chakafanana anokosha huni, mapurasitiki kana simbi anotarira mupfumi uye yepakutanga. Scale zvedongo girenayiti kuenzana uye hwakavimbika.

Kwakadaro doro lämpömittari matanho tembiricha kunze kubva -53 ° C 51 ° C.

Thermometer "Grape mashizha" Makambani German TFA Dostmann GmbH anoitwa dzakarukwa simbi. Rinogona kushandiswa kwokunze kana zvemukati. Kureba 385 cm.

kambani German anganzi Moller-therm GmbH. Ivo vakaita yepamusoro nechomukati thermometers. The garandi pamusoro pavo - 2 years.

Zvinowanzoshandiswa mukaravhani panze thermometers zvidiki. Vari vasiyana hwindo kana Velcro kuti womuti nhengo mahwindo uye madhoo pamwe screws. Popular makomba kaviri vanototsigira Velcro doro thermometers ane chikero, izvo zvinogona kuonekwa kuburikidza girazi hwindo. Pashure pezvose, kuti vazive tembiricha mumugwagwa, havafaniri kusiya mufurati. Mumwe mugadziri - Penosil (Russia).

Kune mhando pamwe epurasitiki dzimba.

Kuyera tembiricha mvura

Doro lämpömittari anogona kuyera mvura tembiricha iri kugeza kuti kugeza mwana. Kuti aite izvi, inofanira kuva zapapayan ari epurasitiki mhosva.

Vanhu vazhinji vanoshamisika kana doro lämpömittari kuyera tembiricha kwemvura, iyo mamota? Kwete, nokuti doro mamota panguva yakaderera tembiricha pane mvura. Asi pane zvikuru chisimbiso uye calibrated thermometers iyo kuzviita. Naizvozvo, doro lämpömittari kuti madhigirii 100 Celsius. Uye vemu sub-razero tembiricha kwezvatiri kupfuura nemekiyuri. Pashure nemekiyuri yaita chando pa 39 Celsius. Nepo doro kunogona uyere tembiricha kuti madhigirii 70 Celsius.