Hockey: nhoroondo okukura. History of the World Hockey Championship

Hockey, nhoroondo uye kukura hunotsanangurwa muudzame pazasi, ari kutamba chikwata mutambo, apo vakwikwidzi vachishandisa netsvimbo kuti zvibodzwa zviri puck kupinda anokumhan'arira chinangwa. The chikuru chepfungwa chiitiko anoonekwa kuva kuti vatambi vanofanira kufamba nomugungwa kuburikidza chando Rink pamusoro skates. Zvaiitika chokutanga kutamba netsvimbo uye bhora, musi kudzokera yokuMiddle Ages. Pamwe chete ichi, sezvo imwe yoga rudzi aumbwa makwikwi zvikuru paya.

shanduro chidzoke

Nekuti mutambo wakafanana Hockey mhando iyi, nhoroondo yaiva chimwe chezvinhu akapikisana. Maererano pamutemo shanduro yokwaakazvarirwa ndiro guta Canadian reMontreal. With chibvumirano ichi, kwete nyanzvi dzose ano. Chokwadi kuti zvifananidzo vanhu vanobatanidzwa mune Related Video mutambo uri nechando nemvura, pane zvimwe zvigadzirwa pamusoro Dutch vatenzi kuti ndeyemunguva navatanhatu remakore. Chero zvakanga, masoja yeBritain pashure Canada vakakunda muFrance muna 1763, vakauya kunyika ine bhora Hockey uswa. Nokuda kuti North America kunoratidzwa zvakakomba uye refu dzechando, mutambo aifanira dzakashandisa mamiriro vemo. Somugumisiro, vanhu vakatanga kukwikwidzana kupedza pamusoro yakagwamba nechando Makungwa nenzizi. Kuti gumbo haina rwotedzemuka pamusoro pemvura, kuti shangu akamonererwa kuti chizi vematombo.

debut mutambo

A basa rinokosha kukura mutambo vakaridza Montreal. Zviri muguta rino, panguva Rink "Victoria", March 3, 1875 airidza rokutanga pamutemo kunyorwa yemhuka Hockey. History of kurwa rakanga akatoisa munyaya pepanhau rinonzi Montreal Gazette. The Zvinoumba nechimwe kukwikwidza zvikwata chaiva vatambi mapfumbamwe. Shell mutambo akava yemapuranga Disc uye magedhi aiva munhuwo matombo. Unodzivirira midziyo vechikamu yakatorwa kubva baseball.

Mitemo yokutanga

Mumakore maviri mushure debut Hockey machisi, boka vadzidzi vaibva McGill University of Montreal akazogadzira mitemo mutambo wekutanga. Ivo Chaiva nomwe pfungwa. Muna 1879, zvakanga pave rabha pesin. The mutambo angotanga mukurumbira, saka muna 1883, akanga wataurwa wepagore Winter Carnival muna Montreal. Mamwe makore maviri gare gare, vokuCanada vari zvakanaka yakasimbiswa mudzidzi kushamwaridzana mumutambo uyu.

Muna 1886 zvakanzi streamlined, nani uye yakabudiswa mitemo mutambo pakati Hockey. Nyaya anoenda kuti wokutanga uyo wakanyorwa navo, vakava R. Smith. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti havasi akasiyana zvikuru kubva ano shanduro. Kubva zvino, zvose zvikwata vaifanira kukwikwidzana kuti vatambi vanomwe. Vaiva Vatambi, rwemberi uye pamberi nevanozvitsigira, vatatu kumurwisa rimwe gororo (akasimba Hockey mutambi uyo yakanakisisa scoring zvinangwa). Zvokubikisa game hachina kuchinja. The chete nyaya apo yokutsiva kwakagadziriswa, mumwe kukuvara mutambi. A chinodiwa kuti ayo Implementation ndiyo mvumo kubva chikwata rinopikisa.

Stanley Cup

The vakawanda mutambo rakapfuurira kukura. Muna 1893, wokuCanada Gavhuna-General Ishe Frederick Artur Stenli akatenga mukombe sokunge chinhu inverted Pyramid kuti rine mhete sirivha. Akanga vakafunga kuti paakavapa ari mhare munyika mumutambo uyu akafanana Hockey. Nhoroondo mutambo uyu anoziva zvakawanda nomukurumbira mukombe. Pakutanga, nokuti aigona kurwa kunyange vachidziripira. Kubvira muna 1927, kodzero yokuva Stanley Cup dambudziko vamiririri National Hockey League.

echimurenga zvakagadzirwa

Nhoroondo chando Hockey pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri akanga dzinoratidzwa kugara zvakagadzirwa. Zvikurukuru, muna 1900 pamasuo akatanga kumisa grid, saka kuti uwandu nharo pamusoro tsinga gol kushanda wakaderedzwa kusvika razero. Sezvo simbi pembe rakanamatira miromo yake kutonga kutanga achinja kusvika bhero, uye kunyange kwapera - pamusoro mapurasitiki ishamwari. Paivawo chiso-kure puck. Kuti kuwedzera nokukurumidza uye varaidzo, kwakasarudzwa muna 1910 kubvumira yokutsiva iri kosi yacho mutambo. Panguva chirongwa hama nhatu, Patrick, hockey vatambi akatanga kupa nhamba, kuti Vatambi aibvumirwa kutora wako echando skates uye vatambi - kupa bhora mberi. Uyezve, vakasarudza kuti kushomeka ya mutambo matatu nguva maminitsi makumi maviri.

International Ice Hockey Federation pamutemo mvumo mitemo mutambo muna 1911. The hwaro yeCanada mharidzo akabatwa. Muna 1929, chikwata kuti Vatambi, "Montreal Merunz" Clint Benedict yakatanga kushandiswa chifukidzo. Makore mashanu pashure pacho pamutemo akasuma mutemo kana kufirwa. Multi-mavara zviedza vane sairini kuti ndizvidavirire yakarurama zvinangwa akatanga kushandiswa 1945. Panguva iyoyowo nemirau Akave nokuvandudza kuti pakutonga katatu.

Wokutanga nhandare

Nhoroondo Hockey Handingambofungi pasina pakuvaka zvakakodzera kwezvivako. Pakutanga makwikwi Arena kumirira munhu wechisikigo echando rinks. Saka haina zvinonyauka pamadziro zvezvivako zvinoitwa gwanza kuburikidza izvo kuuya chando mhepo mukati. Muna 1899 iri Montreal, izvozvo akavaka wokutanga Skating Rink pamwe chakagadzirwa turf. Mune thirties remakore rechimakumi maviri muCanada neUnited States akatanga chakavakwa nhandare nokururamisira guru. Chimwe chezvinhu chinozikamwa vavo panguva yaiva "Sports Palace" kuti yakavakwa Chicago muna 1938. Arena ane zviuru 15 zvigaro.

nyanzvi chikwata uye sungano yokutanga

Muna 1904, Canada akasika wokutanga nyanzvi Hockey chikwata chenyika. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti panguva iyoyo kwakasarudzwa kutamira mutsva mutambo gadziriro, maererano iyo chikamu nomumwe vechikamu pamusoro mutambo chaiva vatambi matanhatu. Uyezve, wakaiswa uye chiero kadikidiki nzvimbo 56h26 mamita. Makore mana pashure kuti nyanzvi dzakanga pakupedzisira vakaparadzaniswa kubva vachivakuza.

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri muEurope zvazova mukurumbira chaizvo mutambo akadai Hockey. Nhoroondo kukura kwayo muna Old World iri pamutemo yakatanga kusvika 1908. Yakanga iri Congress Paris rakavakwa International Federation nokuda mutambo. Chaiva pakutanga zvinosanganisira mana inoti - Great Britain, Belgium, Switzerland uye France. The Canadian Hockey Association akasvika makore mana gare gare.

National Hockey League (NHL) yakavambwa muna 1917. nokukurumidza yakava mutungamiriri panyika. Izvi hazvishamisi, nokuti pane shasha. Uyezve, zvakanaka zvinangwa munhoroondo hockey, kunowanzova kuzadza nayo mukati NHL.

makwikwi

Yokutanga dzakawanda machisi pakati North America uye Europe iri gadziriro chepamutemo mutambo kwakaitika muna 1920. Ipapo chikwata Canadian akunda chikwata muUnited Kingdom. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nhoroondo yenyika Ice Hockey ushasha yakatanga yeOlympic, kuti vakundi iyo uye akabata musoro yakasimba panyika. Tournaments akaparadzaniswa mumwe uye vakava yakazvimirira chete muna 1992. Panguva iyo International Federation yakasarudza kubvisa European Championship.

The chaizvo munhoroondo yenyika Championships mu Hockey anoziva dzakawanda pamusoro mutambo. Pakutanga makwikwi akatora nzvimbo mukombe hurongwa, uye gare gare - mudenderedzwa (imwe kana kupfuura nzendo). Nokufamba kwenguva, paivawo mitambo ari kutiza - ". Playoffs" Kuwanda nhengo dzeboka ranged kubva masere kusvika gumi.

Russian Hockey

Zvino pamutemo akagamuchira December 22 kuti nhoroondo Hockey muRussia akatanga, 1946. Zuva iroro, nemaguta akawanda Soviet, machisi National ushasha wokutanga. Muna 1954, boka kubva USSR debut kukunda muna World Cup, achirova vokuCanada wokupedzisira machisa. Mune nineties remakore rapfuura nokuda kwokushayiwa kugadzikana vatambi vakawanda vakaenda kushumira kunze munyika.

Nhoroondo Russian Hockey chikwata anoziva zvakawanda kukundikana uye zvayakawana. Musoro chikwata rakasimba munyika akunda zvakawanda muna 1993. Zvisinei, inotevera wenyaya mafeni aifanira kumirira kwemakore gumi nemashanu. Zvino chikwata wokuRussia iri chakakodzera vaiona mumwe akasimba munyika uye nguva anoratidza migumisiro yakanaka.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Saka apo kuridza puck hachibvi, zviri kuita chando isati mutambo.

Ruzhinji rwakapindura vatambi vakarasikirwa zino kanenge imwe panguva zvesimba.

Vavariro yokutanga yakanga dzakaenzana.

Airspeed Hockey projectile anogona kusvika padanho 193 km / h.

Zvino the washers wakaumbwa vulcanized rabha.

Bandy

History bandy ane yakatangira pakati rokupedzisira remakore. Mazuva ano kududzirwa kwezvinhu mutambo mhando iri muchikwata mutambo pamusoro chando, iro unofanira kuomerera zvibodzwa bhora mumumbure mudzivisi waJehovha. Nokuti anoshandisa rectangular nharaunda, inova kunonyanyisa kukura 110h65 mamita. Match inoumbwa mbiri nguva maminitsi 45. The Zvinoumba chikwata chimwe nechimwe zvinosanganisira vatambi gumi (kusanganisira 4 padivi uye 1 Vatambi). Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nhamba kutsiva havasi. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinofadza pakati mitemo mutambo uyu kuti mutambi ari nehafu anokumhan'arira wacho kusango pacharo (kwete kusanganisira Vatambi), kutora bhora haagoni kuwana. Chero zvakanga, pamusoro Hockey uku hakusi nevakawanda sezvo iri mhando Hockey.