Related kutengeserana bato - chii ichi?

The mitemo Russian anopa Implementation zvinokosha muukama - iri muchimiro kwema nezvibereko. Chii specificity yavo? Ko kufarira chikuru nomutemo siyana bhizimisi Russian - LLC uye JSC?

Ndizvo kufanana bato mutengapwe?

Related kutengeserana bato - nomutemo ukama zvinobatanidza masangano pamusoro mabasa izvo vangafarira akasiyana-siyana kumapati rechitatu. Somuenzaniso, kana ari kutengeserana nechokuita nebhizimisi isangano, ipapo hanya pachinhu kwaari angava:

- vakuru sangano;

- the shareholders - kunyanya vaya vane 20% of mugove guru wekambani uye zvakawanda;

- nehama mamaneja uye boka varidzi.

Izvi anosimbisa chokwadi avo vanofarira. Inogona wakaiswa panyaya, kana ivo:

- ndivo zvakananga vanobatsirwa;

- anogona kushandisa migumisiro mabasa mamwe vanobatsirwa - kodzero maneja kana mukutsirani.

Ndeupi kufanana bato kutengeserana, hatina vanozivikanwa. Ngatichikurukurai nzira iyo mashoko anogona kuitwa ukama.

Hurongwa kutengeserana kufarira

Mukuru ezvinhu nokuda Implementation yokupira ukama, mu mubvunzo, - tendero bato chokuita kwema pamusoro chikamu nomazvo womukati yemakambani hurongwa. Somuenzaniso, weboard of directors kana shareholders 'musangano hupfumi muvanhu. Ko kufarirwa vebato chokuita kwema, zvinoenderana achinyanya pamusoro pamutemo wekambani.

Saka, kana kambani inoshanda se Ao, ipapo kufarirwa kwakadaro zvingaitwa nomumwe zvitatu zvinokosha zvenhengo:

- ne vazhinji achipokana vevaya vatungamiri vasingafariri mukuita pachibvumirano;

- vazhinji vatungamirire vasiri kufarira dhiri, asi vane mamiriro kuzvimirira mamaneja;

- vazhinji mavhoti ose shareholders vasiri kufarira kutengeserana.

The mashandiro wokutanga kunoratidzwa kwema chokuita mabhizimisi masangano, iyo inoshanda kusvika 1,000 shareholders pamwe dzokuvhota migove, yechipiri kusashanda kana nhamba shareholders kukasapfuura 1000. Muzviitiko zvacho zvose, ichi chinofanira akagutiswa; nyaya kutengeserana - mumwe kana kupfuura, izvo zvakabatana inofanira kukurukurwa pfuma, iyo ine ukoshi pe2% of yesangano kusvikira pachiyero maererano chizvidavirire Data.

Wechitatu mashandiro umo chisarudzo pamusoro kufarirwa vebato chokuita kwema, akaziva:

- kana nyaya chibvumirano - a chepfuma kuti ane mari 2% bhuku kukosha yesangano iri zvebhizimisi uye zvakawanda;

- mumamiriro ezvinhu umo weboard of directors vakatadza kutora chisarudzo mukati mureza nomazviri akabvumirwa kutengeserana.

Kuri kuti ukama ari kupinda Ltd., kusarudza dzinobvumira kutengeserana pamusoro iyo vanofarira ichi kana kuti munhu atora mukati yechinangwa mukuru musangano havaoni oruzhinji mavhoti vevaya nhengo vasiri kufarira kwemamiriro chibvumirano.

Uyezve, kana bhizimusi sangano rakaumbwa ne Board Directors, chisarudzo pamusoro kufarirwa noukama pamutemo, inova kufanana kutengeserana bato anogona chokuita kugona ari constituent zvinyorwa collegiate utariri muviri. mashandiro ichi, zvisinei, haagoni akaziva, kana uwandu kutengeserana kunodyira kana kukosha pfuma inova nyaya chibvumirano, kukasapfuura 2% of kukosha Company zvomumwe - hwaro mashoko akanyorwa mashoko mari.

Saka taidzidza nzira iyo nomutemo ukama vakatakudzwa kubva pamwe kutora chikamu makambani, izvo zvingaita vanhu vane kufarira kutengeserana. Zvichava kubatsira kufunga kuti zvimwe zvibvumirano haagoni kupiwa akakodzera mhando.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kutengeserana arege kuzivikanwa mubereko?

For kwema izvi, vakawanda, vane pamutemo, kuti:

- chinozoiswa basa sangano anoumbwa rimwe muvambi, uyo ariwo musoro;

- anoratidza kufarira shareholders dzose boka, kupedzisa chibvumirano;

- tiri kwema pasi kwerubwinyo rwakagara rwuripo emptive kodzero kutenga migove nekanzuru kambani;

- vari pamutemo, kunze chete kutengwa uye kudzikinurwa migove wakabudiswa bhizimisi isangano;

- vari kuitwa weboka nokubatanidzwazve - iri muchimiro batanidzo kambani ane bumbiro guta kunopfuura-kumativi matatu ana kurongwazve mabhizimisi;

- zvinodiwa mashoko kuunza zvaidiwa wekambani nezvinodiwa nemutemo;

- zvinoitwa pamusoro mazwi haana kumbosiyana substantially kubva avo kuti unhu kwema yakafanana ne kutora chikamu kwenzanga uye wekuongorora zviri vanhuwo kosi masangano bhizimisi dzaiitwa kuti nguva apo akasimbisa kuti kufarira mumwe munhu ari kondirakiti.

Bato Related kutengeserana - ukama pamutemo, izvo raiwanzosanganisira masangano bhizimisi mamiriro iri Company kana LLC. Makaita yemakambani wokutanga uye chechipiri mhando kunoratidzwa anoverengeka zvinhu. Zvichava kubatsira kudzidza navo.

Bato Related kwema pamwe LLC: nuances

Saka, kutanga mhando mubhizimisi sangano rinogona noukama pamutemo, sezvo kufanana-party kutengeserana - iri shoma kuita kambani. Zvibvumirano, rimwe divi chiri Company vanofanira kutevedza zvinodiwa mitemo yokudzora mabasa makambani aya - ari chiitiko kuti kuMudzidzisi zvibvumirano vanoonekwa ne mubereko.

Kunyanya, zvinodiwa sezvo dzakatangwa mutemo Company anofanira zvinoenderana kwema umo aifarira richinzi:

- munhu kubva Board Directors, imwe pati ukama;

- General Director;

- collegial Executive mutumbi sangano, nhengo vanhu, iyo muridzi 20% vazvo mavhoti kana kupfuura vari boka;

- munhu ane simba kuti ape mirayiridzo pamusoro upfumi muvanhu, ndichisunga.

The kufarira kutengeserana iri vakati vanhu chinosimbiswa maererano dzekuziva kuti anotsanangurwa muna LLC Law. Zvikurukuru, chokwadi ichi akatsunga kana ataurwa vagari nehama dzavo, uyewo vanhu vemumapato navo:

- pamutemo chiito kana bato anomirira zvido mapato wechitatu gadziriro pamwe upfumi masangano;

- bata 20% kana kupfuura kuchengetedzeka kana guta guru mvumo pamusoro repamutemo riri bato kuti ukama pamutemo anomirira zvido kumapati wechitatu kudyidzana hwavo kambani;

- akabata zvinzvimbo chekambani utariri hurongwa, inova bato kuti kutengeserana kana anomirira zvido mapato wechitatu gadziriro ukama dzemabhizimisi sangano, kana muri pamusoro Mamaneja of Management Company kuMudzidzisi repamutemo.

Dzakakudzingai raanotaura mutemo pamusoro kambani nhandare, chokwadi pamusoro vafarire vamwe pamusoro kuguma chibvumirano anogona kuzivikanwa chero chikonzero. Kunyanya, nzira idzo inogona tsunga nemapoka vaifarira kutengeserana kungadiwa munyaya dzinoti kushamwaridzana ane kuita kambani shoma.

vagari Vaya vanonzi munyaya kutengeserana iri nhandare vaibata, anogona kutakura zvinoverengeka sungiro kunorondedzerwa mutemo. Ngationgororei navo.

vanofarira mapato mitoro pasi mutemo LLC

The chikuru zvinosungirwa kumapati vanofarira, sezvinoratidzwa Mutemo musi Limited kuita Companies, iri chokwadi kuti vagari izvi vanosungirwa kukurumidza kuudza mukuru musangano shareholders:

- mumwe repamutemo umo vanhu ava uye hama dzavo 20% kana kupfuura guta mvumo;

- pamusoro emakambani umo vagari izvi uye hama dzavo kuchengeta zvinzvimbo utariri mugadziriro;

- mashoko pamusoro anozivikanwa vanhu ukama pamutemo yavanofanira vangazivikanwa sezvo vane chekuita.

Vamwe nuances chakaitika nzira pakati Nokubvumira kutengeserana maererano noMutemo musi Limited kuita Companies. Kumusoro isu akatarisa zvakafanana pfungwa nzira. Tichakurukura kuridzidza muudzame tichitarisa ari pamutemo zvokudya mumutemo.

Nokubvumira kwema pasi mutemo Company: yacho nuances

Maererano huru chimedu mitemo yokudzora basa LLC, kufanana bato kutengeserana - ukama pamutemo, izvo zvinogona kuitwa kubvumirwa Mutongo nekambani varidzi misangano. It unogamuchirwa kazhinji vazhinji nekuvhota kwe varidzi avo kuti havasi kufarira kondirakiti. The runoenzanirana Kugadzirisa (kutengeserana bato anogona akafanosarudza kudiwa pakugadzirira magwaro akasiyana-siyana supplementing chibvumirano) anofanira kuurayiwa somunhu yoga tsime, sezvamakaropafadzwa:

- nezvezviratidzo ivavo vanoita sezvo mapato kana vanobatsirwa mune zvemitemo ukama;

- inoratidza nyaya kutengeserana uye zvinokosha mazwi ayo.

ari LLC Act anobvumira zviremera administrative dzesangano kuita chisarudzo mubvunzo, pasi kwema zvingafananidzwe akapedzisa mune ramangwana sezvo chikamu chekambani huru zveupfumi mabasa. Panyaya iyi chisarudzo musi kufarirwa bato chokuita kwema ngadzirambe kufadza mari inogona ngadzirambe dziri akakodzera kondirakiti. Host kambani anotonga mutemo chinonzi kusvikira nhambo apo hondo pamusangano unotevera shareholders - kunze dzimwe mirayiro haripi chigadzikiso Mamaneja kuti dzinobvumira kondirakiti.

ari LLC Mutemo: umo dzenguva akabvumirwa kwema hanya haina kunodiwa?

Pangava nyaya umo mutemo bato chokuita kwema anobvumira basa kambani hakuiti kusarudza pamusoro kufarirwa kuMudzidzisi ukama. Saka, zvinokwanisika iri chiitiko kuti zvinhu chesungano hadzisi vangasimudzira vakasiyana parameters yakafanana kwema kwakaitika pakati upfumi muvanhu, uye nzira imwe kana mumwewo aifarira kosi zvavo mabasa kambani. Asi vanofanira kutora nzvimbo sangano asati anofarirawo vachagamuchira zvakakodzera munzanga. Zvisinei, vakabvumirwa iri shoma. Zvinogona chete anoshanda kwema yaakaita nguva apo nyaya kufarira, akagashira mamiriro munhu nezvake, uye kusvikira rinotevera 'shareholders musangano.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kwema zvikuru uye vebato chokuita kwema yakakodzera mhando maererano mutemo LLC anogona rakadzima. Funga zvino, zvikonzero nei ichi zvinokwanisika.

ari LLC mutemo: kuzivikanwa kuti kufanana dzebato kwema maturo

Muchiitiko ichi tiri kutaura pamusoro kuzivikanwa pamusoro kutengeserana haichashandi nematare. The chikonzero mudare nhengo kusarudza vari:

- munhu nekusimba chokwadi vhoti kusafarira kambani webato, umo izwi rake haana simba pamusoro Zvaizobuda musangano;

- kushaya uchapupu ndechokuti kutengeserana haana anoteverwa infliction zvokurwadza kuti Kudyidzana kana kuti kugadzirisa kuti pati dare, kana kuti mukana panowanikwa nemigumisiro panyaya idzi;

- Kuwanikwa nenguva achinzwa uchapupu hwakazotevera chisarudzo pamusoro akabvumirwa chibvumirano, izvo nemhaka mitemo iri mutemo wekambani unofanira rakadzima;

- uchapupu pakuti vamwe noukama bato haana kuudzwa pamusoro kutengeserana, rakanga akagumisa vari kutyora dzemunharaunda kusimuka LLC Law.

Saka taidzidza nzira iyo mhedziso anoitwa uye kwema akaoma pamwe kufarira shoma kuita makambani. Ngatichiongororai huru zviri ukama izvi mune mamwe makuru zveupfumi masangano - vadyi vapfuwi makambani. Chaienzanirana mhando kutengeserana pasi zvokudya imwe yoga mutemo pamusoro kwemajoini wemari makambani. Zvichava dzinonakidza kwazvo kudzidza chii chii vari dzemunharaunda pamutemo chiito tichitarisa tsanangudzo mubereko.

The Company Law: tsanangudzo mubereko

Kuonekwa izwi iri JSC Mutemo kunoratidzwa pamusoro zvakafanana mune normative chiito yokudzora mabasa makambani dzine kuita. Kufarira iyi angava:

- Manager, chikamu nekambani revatungamiriri vatungamirire;

- CEO;

- Manager, kuita mabasa mugadziriro ari collegial Executive muviri, muridzi 20% kana kupfuura migove eungano;

- munhu ane kodzero kupa vashandi pamusoro JSC zvirevo dzinoshanda.

Panyaya iyi, chokwadi pamusoro mubereko izvi vanhu kunozivikanwa mune chiitiko kuti ivo, hama dzavo kana vanhu vemumapato navo:

- ari mubato kuti kutengeserana;

- ndivo munhu anoyamurika, nhume kana mumiririri ari gadziriro pamutemo ukama;

- vane 20% kana kupfuura muzana mvumo guru yemakambani kushumira mubato kuti kutengeserana;

- vane chinzvimbo kambani ndechei, inova nyaya mumatare ukama, munhu anoyamurika, nhume kana mumiririri.

The Company Law: tsanangudzo kusafarira

Uyewo, kushaya kufarira kutengeserana kubudikidza default chinorondedzerwa nenzira Company Law:

- nekuda vadyi wemari kambani, iyo ine chimwe mukutsirani, uyo panguva iyoyo sezvo mukuru wekambani;

- pamutemo ukama, izvo kuitwa zvido vechikamu vese vari pamwe wemari kambani;

- Kana rikaisa kambani kuchengetedzeka kuburikidza pachena chinopiswa, uyewo pre-emptive kodzero kutenga migove wakabudiswa;

- nomutengo kana kudzikinurwa kudanda kambani pamwe akabudisa kuchengetedzeka;

- in nokubatanidzwazve zvoupfumi sangano muchimiro batanidzo kana nenzvimbo;

- in kwema kuti inofanira kuitwa nokuda mitemo Russian - mutengo uye tariffs, wakasiyiwa hurumende yeRussia;

- nokuti yepamutemo, kuitwa maererano noMutemo pamusoro Electricity;

- nekuda mipiro nokuda shareholders wekambani iri pfuma yaro.

Zvii dzinoratidzwa nokufarirwa nzira pasi kufunga pamutemo ukama mubvunzo? Pfungwa, mutemo pamusoro vadyi wemari kambani yose kunoratidza zvakafanana mazano sezvo kufarirwa bato chokuita kwema kuti vaionekwa kumusoro pakutanga ino. Features chaizvo kusarudza kungaenderana kuwanda shareholders, uyewo kukosha kutengeserana panyaya zviratidzi kuti tinyatsonzwisisa maererano chizvidavirire nemishumo.

Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti mumutemo unotarisana nehukama hwepamutemo mubvunzo, muna 2017 pachava nekuchinja kukuru. Kutengeserana neine chido kunotungamirirwa nemitemo yepamutemo mukati memiganhu yemitemo inogona kugadziriswa zvakanyanya neveMutemo pamusoro penguva. Izvi zvinogona kuva nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana. Semuenzaniso, kudiwa kwekuwedzerwa kutarisana pamusoro pehukama hwepamutemo huri mumiganhu inogadzirwa uchishandisa mari yebhajheji. Muenzaniso wekuda kufambidzana kwekambani kunogona kuonekwa nehukuru kana kuti kudukusa kukosha kubva pakuona kwevatongi, asi mitemo inowanikwa kune marudzi ose ehukama hwepamutemo inobvumirana inobvumira kushanda kwavo kwakanaka. Uye, kana zvichidikanwa, zvinobvira kuwedzera nzira dziripo dzepamutemo kuitira kuti udzidzise kutengesa chero kupi zvako.