Runodiwa kuti Kamchatka

Chimwe chezvinhu kure kumatunhu Russia ndiyo Kamchatka Peninsula. The Vagari ichi chikamu nyika zvikuru heterogeneous mune dzinza sezvamunoita, kunyange ane predominance pachena Russian. Izvi dzinza wakatanga pamusara iri munharaunda chete kubvira pakutanga XVIII remakore. Asi zvemo Vagari Kamchatka, vanhu vaigara kare pamusoro Peninsula, kureva zvishoma zvazvichanyungudutswa zvavo vakawanda. Ngatidzidzei zvakawanda pamusoro izvi madzinza ose Kamchatka nharaunda.

General wevanotungamirira unhu

Asati achipfuura kuti adzidze zvemo vanhu vanofanira kuziva chii vanhu Kamchatka nhasi zvavo. Izvi zvichaita kuti tinzwisise kukosha uye basa zvizvarwa zvemo munzvimbo ano upenyu nharaunda.

Chokutanga, unofanira kuziva kuti uwandu hwevanhu vari Kamchatka. Ichi chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha wevanotungamirira zviratidzo. The Vagari Kamchatka zvevakomana yatovapo 316,1 chiuru. People. Chinongova 78 miniti yevanhu 85 kumatunhu Russian.

Asi nzvimbo Kamchatka Krai anotora nzvimbo rechigumi munyika pakati vanotongwa Federation. Hazvina 464,3 zviuru ba. M. ? km. Kuziva vagari Kamchatka yayo nharaunda, zvinokwanisika kuverenga arambe achirema. chakarurama ichi chiri kukurukurwa chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvinoumba wevanotungamirira nhamba. The arambe achirema zvokuwedzera muna Kamchatka panguva vanhu 0.68 chete / ba. M. ? km. Uyu ndomumwe chepasipasi Russia. Maererano chokuratidza ichi Kamchatka nharaunda anopindura 81 fung nzvimbo pakati kumatunhu 85 munyika.

National sezvamunoita

Ikozvino tinofanira kutarisa vemo Kamchatka mune madzinza chikamu. Izvi zvichatibatsira kuziva zvemo vanhu nharaunda kubva rwevanhu vakawanda.

Ethnically, ivo vanhu Kamchatka ane rupi kuti anobata kupfuura pamusoro pevamwe vose. Izvi Russian. Nokuwanda rakawandisa kuti 252,6 chiuru. People, kana kupfuura 83% of Kuwanda vagere nharaunda. Asi Russian - ichi hachisi yeko vanhu Kamchatka.

The rinokosha rokuumba vanhu pamusoro Kamchatka ndeyakewo Ukrainians. Vari yekudyidzana zvishoma pane Russian, asi rudzi urwu chechipiri pakukura madzinza mudunhu, nekurangarira kuti anopfuura 3,5% of zvachose Vagari mudunhu.

nzvimbo Third - iri Koryak. rudzi urwu ichitova chizvarwa nevanhu Kamchatka. mugove yaro zvachose guru vanhu mudunhu iri pfuurei 2%.

Other marudzi, zvakadai zvizvarwa uye vasiri zvizvarwa zvemo, vamiririri vanorarama pamusoro Kamchatka Peninsula, zvikuru vakaderera nhamba nhatu marudzi aya. The zvachose mugove neimwe asingadi kunyange kusvika 0.75% of zvachose kwevanhu. Pakati ushoma marudzi aya Kamchatka chinofanira dzinounzwa Itelmen, Tatars, Belarusians, Evens, Kamchadals, chukchi, vokuKorea.

zvizvarwa zvemo

Saka chii vari zvemo rupi muna Kamchatka? Kuwedzera Koryak, izvo takakurukura kumusoro, kune marudzi womunyika Peninsula, tiri Itelmens.

Mirai kubva Kamchadals kuti vari subethnos vanhu Russian akakuumba zvavo zvitupa iri Kamchatka.

On nechimwe avanhu ava, tichazotaurirana zvizere pazasi.

Koryak: Vhuṱanzi

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, Koryak ndivo rechitatu pakukura rupi Kamchatka, uye nokudaro, rokutanga nhamba vamiririri zvemo vanhu kuchamhembe nharaunda.

Uwandu rudzi iyi 7,9 zviuru. People. Of navo vanogara Kamchatka 6.6 zviuru. Pers., Ndiwo pfuurei 2% pakati uwandu hwevanhu mudunhu. Ainyanya yaigarwa kupiwa nyika iri kuchamhembe Kamchatka Territory, apo muruwa Koryak. Kazhinji munharaunda Magadan uye Chukotka.

Most Koryak ikozvino uchataura Russian, asi avo enhoroondo mutauro ravapo Koryak. Rinowanikwawo pabazi chukchi-Koryak chukchi-Kamchatkan mutauro mhuri. Zvikuru chokuita nayo uye mutauro chukchi ndiye Aliutor. Last kuonekwa nevamwe nyanzvi dzemitauro somunhu subspecies of Koryak.

rudzi urwu rakakamurwa madzinza vaviri achinaya mvura uye kumahombekombe Koryak.

Tundra Koryak vane kuzviremekedza chavchuveny, iro anoshandura se "poro" uye vari kunyanya anongofamba upenyu yakakura achinaya mvura kuburikidza ruminant poro. mutauro yemadzitateguru avo ari Koryak mu yakamanikana racho. Chavchuveny akakamurwa zvinotevera subethnos: Parenzo, Kamenz, apukintsy, itkantsy.

Coastal Koryak Have kuzvidzora nymylany. Ivo, kusiyana chavchuvenov, ndakagara. Chavainyanya basa - hove. Original mutauro dzinza - Aliutor, ratinotaura ambotaurwa. Huru mapoka Sub-madzinza nymylanov: Alyutors, karagintsy, palantsy.

vatendi Most Koryak zvino - vaKristu Orthodox, kunyange zvazvo ndichiri simba zvikuru zvisaririra pechishamani vaibva tsika dzokunamata vanhu.

Housing ndiye yaranga Koryak, yamakaramba inotakurika tende chinokosha.

Nyaya Koryak

Zvino ngatifambei nyaya Koryak. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti madzitateguru rinogarwa nharaunda Kamchatka kare Muchiuru chemakore chokutanga AD. Vakaburuka munhau sezvo vamiririri vanonzi tsika Okhotsk.

Koryak zita vakatanga kuonekwa pamusoro mapeji magwaro Russian kubva XVII remakore. Izvi zvakakonzerwa Russian pachine kupinda kuSiberia uye kuFar East. Wokutanga kushanya Russian nharaunda inoreva 1651. Sezvo kuguma XVII remakore vakatanga kukunda Kamchatka, Russia. Vladimir akatanga ayo Atlas, uyo, pamwe nemauto ake akakunda misha inoverengeka Koryak. Zvisinei, Koryak kwete kamwe akamutsa kupanduka. Asi pakupedzisira, vose nokumukirana dzisabudiswe. Nokudaro, vanhu Kamchatka, kusanganisira Koryak, akava Russian vanotongwa.

Muna 1803, ivo Kamchatka Region rakaumbwa muna Russian Empire. Koryak akararama kunyanya Gizhiginskaya uye Petropavlovsk mumaruwa pakati administrative chikwata.

Pashure October Revolution muna 1930 akapa National Koryak kuzvionera. Nokudaro Koryak zvionera District yakatangwa. Muna 1934 vakava nhengo Kamchatka nharaunda, apo kuramba kuparadzana kwavo. Muzinda yaiva mumaguta musha Palana.

Pashure pokuwa kweSoviet Union muna 1991, Koryak zvionera District, apo dzasara Kamchatka Region, vakagamuchira kodzero Federation. Muna 2005, rimwe referendamu wakaitwa, zvakazoita ra2007-M rakanga rakazara kubatana zviri Koryak zvionera District pamwe Kamchatka nharaunda. Ndiwo mashandiro Kamchatka nharaunda. Koryak zvionera District akanga kubviswa somunhu nyaya Federation, uye panzvimbo yayo yakaumbwa Koryak ruwa - miganhu Unit, inova chikamu Kamchatka Territory, uye ane chinzvimbo chinokosha, asi isina aimbova rusununguko. Mitauro pamutemo pamusoro miganhu chikwata vari Koryak uye Russian.

Panguva iyoyo, Russian vanoumba 46,2% yevanhu vari Koryak dzoruwa, uye Koryak - 30,3%, izvo zviri kupfuura kumwe muna Kamchatka Territory.

Itelmen: mukuru unhu

Chimwe zvemo vanhu Kamchatka vari Itelmens.

nhamba yavo zvachose anenge 3.2 zviuru. Man. Izvi, 2.4 zviuru. Living muna Kamchatka nharaunda, zvichiita 0,74% of zvachose vakawanda, saka ari wechina pakukura dzinza mudunhu. Vamwe rudzi urwu vanogara reMagadhani mudunhu.

The hombe Itelmens kusimbiswa Milkovsky uye Tigilskiy nzvimbo Kamchatka Territory, uyewo yaro muzinda - Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

Kunyanya Itelmens vanotaura Russian, asi avo chetsika rwechiHebheru yatovapo Itelmen, iyo inoreva Itelmen kubazi chukchi-Kamchatkan mutauro mhuri. Zvino mutauro uyu ndezvako kufa.

Itelmens Kubvuma Orthodox Christianity, asi, sezvo pakati Koryak, vane runako tsime dzakabudirira vakasara yekare ezvitendero.

The chikuru basa Itelmens kuti dzisina vakatamira kuguta uye vanogara mutsika gadziriro, ndiye hove.

History Itelmens

Itelmen - vekare vanhu Kamchatka. Vazhinji vavo vanogara kumaodzanyemba hafu Peninsula, kuchamhembe achipa Koryak. Pakazosvika nguva pakasvika Russian, nhamba yavo semutongo vanopfuura 12,5 zviuru. Pers., Zvanzi kwazvo magetsi uwandu 3.5 nguva.

Mushure pakutanga kukunda Kamchatka Itelmen nhamba nokukurumidza ipfupi. Wokutanga yavaitora vanhu vakatanga zvose zvakafanana Vladimir atirasi. Akafamba Peninsula kubva kuchamhembe kusvikira kumaodzanyemba. Pashure umhondi wake, yake navo vari 1711 nyaya yokukunda akaramba Itelmens Daniel Antsiferov. Aiva inoverengeka hondo yakavapo Itelmen, asi muna 1712 chakatsva navo, pamwe chete ake kukupfura.

Kunyange zvakadaro, zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti amise kufora wokuRussia Empire pamusoro Kamchatka Itelmen uye akanga pakupedzisira kukundwa. Muna 1740, pakundopambara pamusoro Vitus Bering dzateyiwa pasi pakati kupararira Russian kuchinja Peninsula - Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

Pakutanga akatumidza Russian Itelmen Kamchadals, asi zvino akapa zita chavasina kuti mamwe madzinza, izvo tichakurukura pazasi.

Ndivanaani Kamchadals?

Mumwe mapoka Kamchatka, iro kutorwa vangasimudzira Sub-dzinza vane Kamchadals. chikwata ichi anoita se nhungirwa dzemadzinza Russian rudzi. Kamchadals - zvizvarwa tanga kugara Russian pamusoro Kamchatka Peninsula, zvishoma anyatsopinda vomunzvimbo, kunyanya Itelmens, iyo yaimbova pachavo rinonzi Russian ethnonym Data.

Pari uwandu Kamchadals anenge 1.9 zviuru. Man. . Of izvi, 1,6 zviuru upenyu muna Kamchatka, uye vanenge 300 zvakawanda vanhu - vari reMagadhani mudunhu.

Kamchadals vanotaura Russian, uye nemhaka tsika yavo tsika titular rudzi Russia. Zvisinei, vamwe kunokanganisa pairi, uye zvizvarwa zvemo, nokuti kworutivi Itelmens.

Anthropological zviri runodiwa

Zvino ngationei iyo boka marudzi ndivanamwari zvemo vanhu Kamchatka.

Koryak uye Itelmen zvinogona zvakanaka anonzi low peArctic nhangemutange. Mune imwe nzira nayo inonzi eskimo uye kuchamhembe bazi guru Mongoloid nhangemutange. Izvi subrasa pedyo anthropological zvinhu kwete Continental Mongoloids, uye kune Pacific.

Zvikuru zvakaoma zvakadaro kune Kamchadals sorudzi urwu ndowenyika yakavhenganiswa rudzi. In Kamchadals vakabatana nezviratidzo Caucasoid uye Mongoloid nemifananidzo, sezvo chokwadi, boka iri kwemadzinza mugumisiro vachisanganisa Russian rwekare vanhu Kamchatka. Izvi mhando rudzi inonzi Ural.

uwandu hwevanhu emuchina

Mumakore zana apfuura, nhamba ravaIndia vanhu Kamchatka ane yekudyidzana achidzikira. Izvi kwakakonzerwa zvinoverengeka.

Munguva Colonisation yeRussian Empire Kamchatka rinokosha mukuderedza vomunzvimbo airidza idenda, uye kuparadzwa zvizvarwa zvemo mugadziriro yechinangwa mutemo Colonisation. Pave paya pane tsika kuitwa. Zvakanga zvakafanira kuti kuva mumiririri zvizvarwa zvemo yave undervalued. Saka, vana yakavhenganiswa Dzimba vanosarudza kuzviti Russian.

tarisiro

The tarisiro pakuzadzisa zvemo vanhu Kamchatka ndiye kujeka chaizvo. hurumende yeRussia akatanga kukurudzira kuzvitonga chavagari munzvimbo vachifarira simbiso rupi Koryak, Itelmen kamchadalskoy kana rudzi nevamiririri ava madzinza wandei zvinobatsira. Asi ichi ndicho pachena kwete zvakakwana, sezvinoita nokuzvidzora kuziva munhu vamiririri vashoma National hakuiti kuti yepakutanga tsika dzavanhu zvikuru zvinozivikanwa. Somuenzaniso, kana uwandu Itelmens parizvino kuruoko 3.1 zviuru. People, riri kupfuura kaviri mufananidzo 1980, nhamba nevakurukuri mutauro Itelmen ane vanhu 82 chete, izvo zvinosimbisa kutsakatika kwayo.

Munharaunda inoda mari mari muchivigiro tsika diki pamarudzi zvokuti vazhinji vanhu vanoda kudzidza Kamchatka.

General mhedziso

Tadzidza runodiwa pakati Kamchatka, vanhu okumusoro-rokumabvazuva kumiganhu nyika yedu. Chokwadi, panguva iyoyo kukura yepakutanga tsika emadzinza kunosiya zvakawanda anodikamwa, asi masangano ehurumende vari kuedza kuita zvose izvi vanhu, mitauro yavo netsika vasina anyangarika chose.

Ngatikurukurei tariro kuti mune ramangwana nhamba vamiririri ravaIndia vanhu Kamchatka chete kuwedzera.