Natural manyuko Mahydrocarbon: mukuru unhu uye kushandisa

Zvinonzi akacherechedza kuti sezvingatarisirwa kuitika Mahydrocarbon kwakapararira. Most Organic zvinhu zvinobva dzinongoitika zvinyorwa. Panguva kwetunhu Organic yeimwe sezvo mbishi zvinhu rinoshandiswa dzinongoitika uye munyaya magasi, marasha, lignite, mafuta shale, peat, zvibereko mhuka uye muriwo mavambo.

Natural manyuko Mahydrocarbon: rwokuzvarwa magasi.

Natural magasi - wechisikigo musanganiswa Mahydrocarbon zvakasiyana siyana marongerwo uye zvimwe magasi nouipi (rehydrogen sulfide, rehydrogen, carbon dioxide) iro uzere dombo dombo goko paNyika. yeimwe aya inoumbwa hydrolysis of Organic zvinhu panguva zvikuru pakadzika mu pakukora Pasi. Ivo kuitika mune vakasununguka mamiriro muchimiro hombe masumbu - gasi, gasi condensate uye minda mafuta uye gasi.

The chikuru STRUCTURAL chezvinonhuwira ari combustible negasi ndiye CH4 (methane - 98%), C2H6 (ethane - 4,5%), propane (1,7% S3N8-), butane (C4H10 - 0,8%), pentane (0 S5N12- , 6%). Related peturu gasi zvaisanganisira mumafuta murwiyo ari ichiputswa rehurumende uye asunungurwa nayo nokuda kufurirwa rutapudzo pa nokusimudza mafuta pamusoro pemvura. In gasi uye mafuta minda mumwe tani yemafuta unotora kubva 30 kusvika 300 sq. M gasi. Natural manyuko Mahydrocarbon - inokosha mafuta uye mbishi zvokuvakisa makemikari kwetunhu indasitiri. Gas iri akapa kuti gasi kubudiswa miti, uko recyclable (mafuta, yakaderera-tembiricha adsorption, condensation, uye rectification). Rakakamurwa vakaparadzana zvinoriumba, chimwe nechimwe rinoshandiswa mamwe zvinangwa. Somuenzaniso, ari methane yakabereka rehydrogen, kwetunhu gasi, izvo zvinokosha mbishi zvinhu hwokubereka vamwe Mahydrocarbon, acetylene, methanol, methanal, chloroform.

Natural manyuko Mahydrocarbon: mafuta.

Oiri - kunzwisisa musanganiswa randinogara chaizvoizvo kuti naphthenic, paraffinic uye zvinonhuwirira Mahydrocarbon. The mafuta sezvamunoita unotora Asphalt-anotsvedzerera anobuda pamiti nemakwenzi zvinhu, naphthenic acid, mono- uye disulfides, mercaptans, thiophene, thiophane, rehydrogen sulfide, piperidine, pyridine rayo homologs, uyewo zvimwe zvinhu. Pachishandiswa zvigadzirwa mafuta yokuchenesa achibatsirwa petrochemical usage nzira inotengwa zvigadzirwa siyana pamusoro 3000, kusanganisira ethylene, benzene, propylene, ethylene dichloride, vinyl chloride, styrene, panyaya iyi, isopropanol, butylene, siyana mapurasitiki, chakaita zvokugadzirwa fibers, madhayi, detergents, zvinodhaka, zvinoputika, etc.

Natural manyuko Mahydrocarbon peat.

Peat - emadhaka kuti muriwo mavambo. Izvi zvinhu waishandiswa sezvo fuel (zvikurukuru simba zvinomera), kemikari mbishi zvinhu (nokuti kwetunhu zhinji Organic zvinhu), zvisaora nemarara mumapurazi kunyanya mu yehuku, chikamu fetiraiza nokuti mubindu cropping.

Natural manyuko Mahydrocarbon: xylem, kana matanda.

Xylem - zvinyama kuvakuru zvinomera, izvo mvura ukaparadzawo zvokudya zvinobva midzi kusvika Mashizha ezvinhu, uyewo dzimwe nhengo yacho chirimwa. Inoitwa mikukutu goko masero kuti vane vascular introducer hurongwa. Zvichienderana mhando matanda rine uwandu pectin zvinhu uye chicherwa yeimwe (kunyanya karusiyamu munyu), lipids uye zvinokosha anonhuwirira siyana. Wood senzira huni, rinogona synthesized kubva methyl doro, atsetantnuyu acid, cellulose, uye zvimwe zvinhu. Dzimwe mhando huni kupa madhayi (sandalwood, logwood), tannins (pomuouki), Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti uye balsams (nemisidhari, nemipaini, misipuresi), alkaloids (zvirimwa mhuri Solanaceae, Poppy, Ranunculaceae, Umbelliferae). Vamwe alkaloids anoshandiswa sezvo zvinodhaka (chitin, caffeine), sora (anabasine), zvipembenene (chikakananda).