Mabhakitiriya putrefaction uye manyowa

Utachiona kurarama kwose kwose: panyika uye pamusoro mvura, pasi pasi pasi mvura, mumhepo, mune mitumbi zvimwe zvisikwa zvakasikwa. Saka, somuenzaniso, mumuviri akura mumiririri ane utano evanhu anogara vanopfuura zviuru 10 emaruva zvigare, uye avo zvachose kurema anobva 1 kusvika 3 muzana zvachose muviri uremu. Part nemaziso zvisikwa sezvokudya kushandiswa organics. Pakati pavo nzvimbo akakurumbira inogarwa putrefaction utachiona. Vanoparadza zvasara zvitunha zvemhuka uye zvinomera, zvokudya panyaya iyi.

rwokuzvarwa muitiro

The manyowa pane makemikari nyaya chinhu dzinongoitika muitiro uyewo kwairayirwa, sokunge zvakanaka vakaronga zvisikwa. Pasina kuora zvaizova zvisingabviri riparadzirwe zvinhu Panyika. Uye chero zvazvingava, zviratidzo manyowa kureva chidzoke upenyu hutsva, kutanga zvichiitika. Utachiona dzinoorera pano - VIPs! Pakati pfuma yose zvipenyu siyana ndivo mhosva nguva-pakuzadza uye chinokosha muitiro.

Chii kuorera mazviri

Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti zvakaoma anotanga kupinda nyore zvinhu zvavo sezvamunoita nyaya. Modern kumiririrwa masayendisiti pamusoro muitiro kuti anochinja Organic yeimwe kupinda inorganic, anganzi sezvinotevera:

• Utachiona nhaka kuora metabolic, kuti rinovhuna makemikari nzira kukurukurirana Organic mamorekuru ane senitrogen. Kwacho kunoitika muchimiro simba kubatwa mapuroteni uye amino acids.
• Makemikari kuti yakatanga zvinenge panguva cleavage kusunungurwa amoniya, amines, rehydrogen sulfide kubva mapuroteni mamorekuru.
• Products kupinda muviri kuora utachiona, anoshandiswa kuwana simba.

kusunungura amoniya

The senitrogen kutenderera - chinokosha chezvinonhuwira upenyu Panyika. A Micro-zvinenge zvinobatanidzwa mariri - chimwe chezvinhu zvakawanda mapoka. Dzinongoitika zvinhu zvipenyu, ivo basa guru mukudzorera ivhu mineralization. Saka zita - decomposer (zvinoreva "kudzorera"). Kune nevakawanda kumiririrwa utachiona kudzikisirana uye putrefaction ammonifying, i.e. vanokwanisa kwokusunungura senitrogen kubva kuvakafa makemikari nyaya. It asporogenous enterobacteria, bacilli, spore-zvichiumba clostridia.

bacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis - mumwe rakajairika, uye vaongorori vakadzidza utachiona. Kurarama muvhu, chaizvoizvo anoita afemeruke uchishandisa oxygen. Muviri sezvamunoita - a sero yenyukireya-free. microorganism uyu zvakanaka guru, mufananidzo iyo inogona kuwanikwa kungowedzera. Kupa unobereka uswa bacillus runovharidzira mamwe - catalyzing makemikari kuti vanogara rokunze goko nemasero ayo. Kushandisa makemikari Mabhakitiriya anoparadza sechivako puroteni Morekuru (peptide tsapo amino acids), amino boka saka vasunungurwa. Kazhinji, izvi kunoitika mumatanho akawanda, uye kunoita kuti kwetunhu simba muchitokisi (ATP). Kudzikisirana anokonzerwa utachiona (kuora), aine paumbwe chepfu yeimwe izvo zvinokuvadza vanhu.

Chii fuma ichi

Wokutanga ndiwo magumo zvibereko amoniya uye rehydrogen sulfide. Uyewo, kana kukwana mineralization akaumba:

• cadaveric chepfu (cadaverine Somuenzaniso);
• inonhuwirira hunhu remubatanidzwa (skatole, indole);
• panguva kuorera mazviri amino acids ine sarufa, thiols kuumbwa, dimethylsulfoxide.

Kutaura zvazviri, mukati yechinangwa kudzorwa kutapata manyowa hadzichatori - chikamu zvomudumbu muitiro mhuka dzakawanda uye vanhu. It kunoitika kakawanda muna muura, uye utachiona zvinokonzera kuora, kutamba chikuru mumabasa. Asi kunogona nenjodzi kunoguma pamwero mukuru chepfu zvokudya kuorera mazviri. Murume ari kukurumidza kurapwa, kugeza ura uye kudzorera microflora mishonga. Uyezve, kuunganidza amoniya mumuviri zvinogona kukonzerwa mamwe mabhakitiriya, kusanganisira E. coli. Somugumisiro, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri -wedzera amoniya. Asi chakaipa nokushanda kwenhengo zvose hurongwa zviri chokuita urea uye yabudiswa kubva mumuviri womunhu.

saprotrophs

Putrefaction bacteria raireva saprotrophs, pamwe chinovira nemabhakitiriya. Vose ozeyewa Organic yeimwe - senitrogen uye kabhoni, ukuwo. Muzviitiko zvacho zvose, simba asunungurwa kuti inoshandiswa simba uye rutsigiro upenyu tusingaoneki. Pasina chinovira mabhakitiriya (semuenzaniso, mukaka), vanhu vangadai vasina kugamuchira zvokudya zvinokosha zvakadaro yogati kana chizi. Uyewo zvikuru vakaita kushandiswa pakubika uye winemaking.

Asi saprotrophic mabhakitiriya anogona kukonzera kuora uye spoilage. Izvi kakawanda aine zvakawanda kusunungurwa carbon dioxide, amoniya, simba, munhu zvine chepfu, uyewo muchidziisa substrate (dzimwe nguva kusvika pakuzvinyengera kuvesa). Saka, vanhu vakadzidza kusika zvinhu pasi iyo kuorera mazviri utachiona vanorasikirwa kugona kwavo zvichiberekana, kana kungoita kufa. zviyero izvi anodzivirira zvigadzirwa zvinosanganisira mbereko uye pasteurization, naro kuchengetedza inogona kuchengetedzwa kwenguva pfupi refu. Vanorasikirwa ehupfumi dzavo utachiona uye -oma zvigadzirwa. In kare, kana asati kuzivikanwa nzira ano kubva spoilage pathogenic microflora zvigadzirwa vakadzivirira kushandiswa kuomesa, salting, saccharification, sezvo munyu uye shuga svikiro tusingaoneki chiregai zvavo anokosha uye panguva nokuomesa anobvisa yakawanda mvura zvakafanira kuti kukura utachiona .

Mabhakitiriya kuora; kukosha Micro-zvinenge zviri biosphere

Basa utachiona zvakadaro zvose upenyu Panyika haagoni dzakanaka. Muna biosphere, nokuda kugona kwavo ammonifiers kurarama nguva dzose ari mubishi manyowa miti akafa uye mhuka uye kwavakazoita mineralization. Akaumba somugumisiro nyore zvinhu uye yeimwe ane inorganic hunhu, ramakagadzwa carbon dioxide, amoniya, rehydrogen sulfide nevamwe munyaya riparadzirwe zvinhu zviri zvokudya zvinomera, pfupi kuchinjwa simba kubva mumiririri rimwe nemiti uye fauna of dzenyika kune vamwe, ichipa mukana woupenyu hutsva .

senitrogen haasi kuwanika kusunungurwa yepamusoro zvinomera, uye pasina nezvokupindira utachiona putrefaction vaisagona zvizere zvokudya uye kukura.

Putrefaction utachiona avepo ivhu inotungamirwa pezvakaitwa, decomposing makemikari zvinhu akafa kupinda chinoumba kwayo nhengo. Hazvina pfuma yavo inoita inokosha basa mune zvokurima uye mamwe mabasa evanhu.

Pakupedzisira, basa zvigare pasina akati pose, kusanganisira mvura dzoga, asingadi yakazara decomposing mitumbi yemhuka uye zvinomera, uye vakafa nokuda yakawanda nguva, kuvapo panyika!