Rinoreva phraseologism "bhachi". Popular okuti "Procrustean mubhedha"

Chii fuma mutauro wechokwadi? Sezvo akanyora NM Karamzin, hachisi vakawandisa mazwi kana mashoko mazhinji, uye kukwanisa kubudisa pachena tsika pfungwa uye manzwiro. Mumwe achishandisa mashoko anogona kunzi kuwedzera-phraseological dzakabatana - akatsiga mubatanidzwa mashoko, vanonzi kutukana Masvomhu kuti inopenya, muchidimbu uye zvakarurama kuona mafungiro, manzwiro uye nemanzwiro mutauri.

Rinoreva phraseologism "Procrustes mubhedha"

Chero mutauro, pane yakatsiga okuti, vakagadzirira mubatanidzwa mashoko regai chete shongedza nayo, uye kubatsira mukurukuri kutaura mafungiro avo zviri kuitika. In zvemutauro, dzinonzi Mitsara. Mumwe zvinhu wavo unoreva zvakawanda. Panguva iyoyo vane zvakananga uye wokufananidzira zvinoreva, zvakapesana pakuverenga chaiwo. Kubva panguva iyi maonero chinhu chinofadza ukoshi phraseologism "Procrustean mubhedha". Chaizvoizvo - muchirumbidza hofori tsotsi kubva mungano yechiGiriki, uye zvokuridzira rwake chairwo pakati kurwadziswa, nenzira yokufananidzira - nechisimba kukodzera chinhu pasi mwero yakasimba.

"Mavhitaminzi" Kutaura

Mitsara - davi wemitauro (sayenzi mutauro), iyo anobata Mitsara kana phraseological dzakabatana. Sei kudzidza ichi mitauro chakajairika kuumba nhungamiro zvemutauro? Chokutanga, gakava mubvunzo zvisaririra, chii wakatsigira mitsara zvinogona kunzi Mitsara: zvirevo, mashoko, idioms, mashoko, etc. Uye chechipiri, kuwedzera kudzidza nzira inotungamirwa dzavo, mitsara iri mubasa zvinokonzera kwakabva zvimwe zvirungamutauro ... Maererano nechitarisiko majana chomutsara mutauro wokuRussia akakamurwa nemakore wokuRussia uye rakumbirwa.

Primordially Russian uye chikwereti

Sources iri primordially Russian tsika yekare Slavs, upenyu, tsika, zvitendero, ngano, uyewo mabasa nevanyori Russian, "mugore rimwe" - kare kare, kare kare; "Musaregerera" - kugara shure; "Pasina mambo musoro wake" - munhu kuita zvinhu zvakapusa. Asi nhasi ichakurukurwa zvishoma pamusoro pavo, nekuti tiri kuziva okuti "Procrustean mubhedha" rinoreva vakakwereta Mitsara. Sezvo sainzi, yokupedzisira vakauya kwatiri kubva zvebhaibheri-Dudziro zvinyorwa ( "chibereko wakarambidzwa" - muedzo unorambidzwa), kubva muRoma uye mungano yechiGiriki ( "Gordian fundo" - avhiringidzika, chinoshamisa mubatanidzwa ezvinhu), uyewo mitauro Western European uye mabhuku ( " Princess uye pizi "- vakapamba nevanhu).

Antique idioms

Chii chakaita kutisiira nhaka Ancient Greece? VaGiriki "akapa" vakatipa sainzi, yemitambo, akasika dzakawanda mabhuku Genres, vaiva panobva humanistic ukoshi hurongwa ... Ndicho chiduku chikamu chii irimo yose tsika nyika. Asi ikozvino haazi pamusoro kuti, kana pane inenge ichi - pamusoro nebudiriro nyika yekare, asi nenzira yakasiyana munda - zvemutauro. Rinokosha boka akakwereta okufananidzira vanoumba phraseological dzakabatana kubva mungano yechiGiriki: "Augean stables" - a kusemesa nzvimbo; "Kunyura mu yokukanganwa" - kunyangarika mu mutete mhepo, rakadzikadzika, kuti kukanganwa; "Chigaro Pegasus." - tsvaka kufuridzirwa kunyora nhetembo, kuva nyanduri, etc. Sezvinogona kuoneka pamuenzaniso, kuti zvakanaka kushandisa ichi mhando mitsara uye, somuenzaniso, vane pfungwa, izvo zvinoreva kuti "Procrustean mubhedha", zvinokosha kuziva nhoroondo dzakavapo, kana panguva muduku uchiziva mungano yechiGiriki yekare uye mabhuku.

"Procrustean mubhedha": zvazvinoreva uye mavambo

Tsanangura dimikira "Procrustean mubhedha" kubatsira ngano wechiGiriki gamba Theseus, mwanakomana Efry uye tenzi vomuAtene Aegeus. Akati vakakura uye yakura, mai vake uye sekuru vake vakamuendesa kuna Athens kuwana baba vake. Theseus haana kuteerera chikumbiro mhuri kuenda kugungwa, asi akasarudza nzira yakaoma zvikuru - netsoka achishandisa Isthmus. Zvakandiomera yaiva nzira akasangana zvakawanda nezvipingamupinyi, pakati waiva kudhumhana pamwe gororo Dhamasiko remadunhurirwa rokuti Procrustes, zvinoreva "puller". About akaipa uyu akaenda notoriety. All rokufambira yaakanga akakokwa kumba kwake, apo vakamirira zvinorwadza kurwadziswa: akaita zvose pasi pamubhedha wake yakakurumbira, uye kana kwaiva kukuru kuti "kutambudzirwa kutenda", iye ndokumunyurura kusvikira tsoka dzake hadzina kubata micheto. Uye kana mubhedha aiva muduku zvinosuwisa kuti wakatemerwa retsoka dzake. Theseus akakunda vaRafa, akamuradzika pamubhedha payo. Zvakanga pfupi nokuti ayo vechidiki akashinga vakaurayiwa saizvozvo sezvaakange disposes varombo kamwe vafambi. Mazana emakore gare gare, zita tsotsi Procrustes uye chiridzwa chake kurwadziswa - "mubhedha" vasava yakananga zvinoreva, uye pamwe chete kutora pamusoro yakasiyana, iro rinoumbwa ruzivo pamusoro kuverenga ngano manzwiro uye manzwiro. Saka, muna Russian mutauro ukoshi phraseologism "Procrustean mubhedha" - chiyero chinhu kana chinhu kuti nechisimba kuchinja, gadzirisa.

mimwe mitauro

Akakwereta phraseological dzakabatana - iri, sezvo mutemo, dzakawanda tichimhanya. Somuenzaniso, mashoko okuti "achilles 'chitsitsinho" - ari munjodzi - rine ishamwari yaro Chirungu - achilles' chitsitsinho, French - talon d'Achille, muchiGiriki - αχίλλειος πτέρνα, German - Achillesferse uye zvichingodaro. Zvisinei, iye anoramba zvakazara uye zvarinoreva, uye ayo mifananidzo. Zvino funga "Procrustean mubhedha", mienzaniso kushandiswa kwayo nendimi: Greek - προκρούστεια κλίνη, Chirungu - Procrustean mubhedha, German - Prokrustesbett uye zvichingodaro. The adzidza vekare akakurumbira okuti mumitauro yose anochengeta mufananidzo akaipa Procrustes, pahwaro paiva chirungamutauro, izvo zvinoreva kuti zvinokosha inochengeterwa uye phraseologism "mubhedha Procrustean" - venhema chakunoreva kuyerwa, uye lexical uye zvivakamutauro chivako, kureva, yokutama mashoko kubva mutauro mumwe haana kwakatungamirira ose kuchinja.

Dimikira kana dzakakurumbira okuti

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, pakati nyanzvi dzemitauro kuchine kusiyana, pane zvirevo uye mashoko phraseological dzakabatana kana kwete. Vamwe vanodavira kuti hongu, uye anosanganisira zvirevo uye mashoko ari boka "phraseological mashoko." Other nyanzvi dzemitauro vanoramba chokwadi ichi, uye vanodavira kuti izvi mitauro mananara havagoni kuva nyaya yokudzidza Mitsara. The mubvunzo, Chokwadi, kunzwisisa uye nharo. Somuenzaniso, mashoko okuti "Procrustean mubhedha" rinogona kunzi mitsara, uye kune akakurumbira okuti.

Sezvo dimikira iri yakamanikana pfungwa shoko, ane zvinotevera unhu:

• wokufananidzira, kureva indivisible, indecomposability mashoko pamunhu zvinoriumba (shoko "Procrustean" uye "mubhedha" haigoni kushandiswa vachiravana, kana vanorasikirwa ravaigona zvaanoreva uye kurichinja kuva akasununguka mubatanidzwa);
• rethinking - kutanga kukosha okuti, pakarepo ukoshi ari kutendeuka kuva rokufananidzira (okuti "Procrustes mubhedha" pakutanga kuti zita gororo wayo nomukurumbira Chinoshandiswa kurwadziswa, uye ipapo vakatodzidza yechipiri pfungwa chete - yakarongwa kwazvo);
• nemishonga - rinoonekwa "Procrustean mubhedha" turnover haigoni kutsiviwa nevamwe;
• Kuwirirana kuti imwe mukukurukurirana - kutaura dimikira "Procrustean mubhedha" mabasa ari pazita;
• yokunyatsoongorora uye manzwiro.

Antique dzakakurumbira okuti

Vakanyora rokuti "yakakurumbira rokuti," "mashoko mapapiro" aitwa Homer, uyo kokutanga yaishandiswa kubva "rinonzi Iliad": pamuromo nomukurukuri nokukurumidza kuputsa shoko uye pakarepo nendege kune muteereri nzeve. In zvemutauro ano, iri izwi kunzwisisa kutsigira uye aizivikanwa akatorwa kubva chaiwo mabasa mabhaisikopo, kubva mumhanzi, kushambadza, uye mashoko vanhu vakakurumbira. Mashoko akawanda anobva muBhaibheri kana mungano yechiGiriki, dzakadai okuti "Procrustean mubhedha". Nyika "Mashoko makerubhi" simba - dzimwe prices pamusoro nguva, rirasikirwe dzavo, mukurumbira uye kunyangarika, vamwe vachaonekwa uye vave kwakajairika uchenjeri.