Red bhuku wenyika. Nemhuka "Red Book"

The zvinoderedza nhamba kwezvimwe Zvirimwa nemhuka Panyika pane kwemazana emakore anoverengeka. Chakakoshera nyaya ino, uye nhasi haana kudukupiswa.

IUCN

Mibvunzo pamusoro kudzivirira chemhuka uye kasvisto vakarerwa vomunyika dzakawanda iri XIX remakore, asi chokutanga sangano zvakakomba kugadzirisa dambudziko, hwakagadzwa 1948. Iye ainzi International Union kuti Conservation pamusoro Nature uye Natural Resources (IUCN).

Apo sangano rakaumbwa pamusoro isingawanzowanikwi uye pangozi pakati Commission. Chinangwa Commission mumazuva iwayo kuunganidza mashoko pamusoro nemhuka uye zvinomera zviri akatyisidzirwa kutsakatika.

Makore 15 gare gare, muna 1963, sangano iri pamazita kwazvakaita rokutanga yakabudiswa. "The Red Book Facts" - raiva zita pasi rino. Papera bhuku apiwa zita rokuti, uye mazita anonzi "The Red Book wenyika."

Zvikonzero kuderedza nemhuka

Zvikonzero kaienda zvinoderedza mhando kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, siyana. Asi ivo Anonyanyowanika chokuita nemabasa evanhu kana richizvitenda kuvhiringidzwa muupenyu zvakasikwa.

The inonyanya Chikonzero kwokuderera mhando mhuka munhu akuvadzwa hombe mhuka panguva kuvhima, Fisheries, Kuparadzwa matendere mazai, kuunganidza zvirimwa. Tiri kutaura yepakarepo kuparadzwa kwemarudzi.

Chimwe, hapana chikonzero ishoma kuti kuderedza mhuka uye miriwo nyika haina chokuita kutungamirira kuparadzwa kwavo. Pano zvinofanira akati nezvokuparadzwa nzvimbo: kurima remhandara nyika, pakuvaka hydropower dzemapurisa uye reservoirs, kuparadzwa kwemasango.

Pane dzinongoitika zvikonzero kufurira rutapudzo kana kunyangarika mhando mhuka - climate shanduko Panyika. Somuenzaniso, relict yegungwa nhasi anorarama chete pane dzimwe makungwa ose kuMongolia, China, Kazakhstan uye Chita Region. Kuwanda kwemarudzi zviuru 10 vanhu, uye uwandu maberekero maviri zvichisiyana gore negore zvichienderana mamiriro ekunze. "The Red Book of World" mumwe mapeji aro opedza kuti shiri iyi isingawanzowanikwi. Asi mamiriyoni apfuura, apo ano nzvimbo inogara yave chihombe kure negungwa gungwa, relict yegungwa, maererano masayendisiti, vakanga ubiquitous, asi nhamba yavo haina mungozi.

pamusoro mhuka dziviriro matanho

Nemhuka "Red Book" munhu, kwete chete kunzwisisa zvinhu zvinokonzera Kutsakatika yavo pamberi Earth, asiwo kutanga mamwe matanho zvainanga nokuponesa dzomusango.

Nhasi zviri pachena kuti kuti umutse vanhu mamwe marudzi vanofanira chete kuti kurambidza kunovhima kana kuungana. Kuti aponese dzimwe mhuka isingawanzowanikwi uye zvinomera, zvakakodzera kusika Mamiriro ezvinhu nokuda kwavo mutsigiri. Muchiitiko chino, chero basa munharaunda iyi yemari zvinofanira wairambidza.

Species vava kuda kutsakatika, murume kuedza kuponesa chakagadzirwa maberekero chaihwo nemaruva kuti kusika zvose zvakanaka ezvinhu kuti kuvapo.

"The Red Book woRugare" akagoverwa dziri papeji mhuka yake uye zvinomera kubudikidza mhando. Kuti aite izvi, kufungawo mamiriro mhando, susceptibility yavo kukura rutapudzo kana kunyangarika.

chikamu chekutanga mhuka

Mapeji ebhuku, izvo dziri mhando muchikwata rokutanga ndivo chinovhiringidza zvikuru. Pano akanyorwa pangozi mhuka. Kana vanhu asingadi kukurumidza kutora chaiwo matanho, kununura mhuka idzi uye zvinomera haangavi zvinobvira.

chikamu chechipiri

mapeji aya ane mazita nyika wacho zvipenyu, ane nhamba ichiri dzakakura chaizvo, asi pane inofanira rakadzikama rutapudzo. Masayendisiti vane chokwadi chokuti kana musingadi chiito, ipapo marudzi aya vangasangana rufu.

Muchikwata zvinomera uye mhuka yechitatu

"The Red Book worugare" akaisa ndandanda kwemarudzi kuti nhasi hazvisi pangozi, asi vashoma uye vanogara mundima diki. Saka, chero kuchinja zvakatipoteredza, apo vari kuwarira, anogona kunotoreva nezvimwewo kunoguma.

The pangozi kupfuura miti nemhuka vanogara pazvitsuwa zviduku. Somuenzaniso, mashoko Komodo nedzvinyu anogara muzvitsuwa Eastern Indonesia. Chero kurwara-vaiona zviito munhu kana zvakasikwa (mafashamo, kuputika kwemakomo) kungaita kuti kutsakatika kwemarudzi nenzira pfupi nguva.

Muchikwata chechina

Pasinei chokwadi kuti sayenzi nhasi ichifamba mberi vari kuwedzera, munyika kuchine vamiririri kasvisto uye fauna of dzave shoma kudzidza. Ivo dzinoturwa mumapeji "Red Book" muboka rechina.

Nokuda kwechimwewo chikonzero, masayendisiti hanya nhamba kwemarudzi izvi, asi nokuda kushaya ruzivo kuti patsanura vave zvakasiyana Mapato ose nemhuka "aramu ndandanda" hazvibviri asi.

mapeji girini

Muchikwata kwazvakaita nemhuka nezvirimwa wechishanu iri mumapeji mutema. peji iyi inokosha. Ava mhando kuti vakakwanisa kudzivisa ngozi kutsakatika. Number yakadzorerwa nezvaiitwa murume. Kubva mumapeji "Red Book" mhando vamiririri izvi hazvina kubviswa pamusoro nhandare kuti kushandiswa kwavo zvokutengeserana hakubvumidzwi.

"Bhuku Red wenyika." zvirimwa

In pakadhindwa "kutya" mubhuku, vachirondedzera kune 1996, rinotsanangura 34 zviuru mhando zvinomera, kuti vari pangozi pamwe kutsakatika. Under kwake kudzivirira vakatora pachena sangano IUCN uye "Red Book".

Chirimwa nyika kazhinji inova anosarudzirwa runako. Vanhu kuyemura kusiyana uye kunatsiridzwa miti dzinotanga mindlessly kuparadza miti kuti maruva. Not rokupedzisira basa iyi uye vanhu kuda purofiti. Ndizvo zvichaitika Alpine edelweiss, bhero Ossetian, Narcissus.

Kune miti yakawanda kuti vave kukanganiswa mabasa evanhu uye kusvibiswa. Izvi zvinosanganisira tulips, mvura chestnuts, yew there, mamwe marudzi nemipaini uye vamwe vakawanda.

Mhuka 'Red Book Rugare "

Maererano International Union kuti Conservation pamusoro Nature, ikozvino vanoda kudzivirirwa zvuru 5.5 marudzi emhuka.

Achibhandara mutero kuveza kana kuti kugutsa gastronomic zvinodiwa vanhu inopinda upenyu mhuka, kwaiitwa irreparable kukuvara. List zvemhuka kubatsirwa chikonzero ichi, imwe huru kusimba: European parera Oyster, hofori salamander, muskrat, Galapagos hofori kamba, asiatic Lion uye dzimwe mhando dzakawanda.

IUCN ari pachena sangano, uye ayo zvisarudzo havana kunyorerana, saka utariri kushanda pamwe nehurumende, achivimbisa kuti Implementation pakati kunenge avo, izvo zvichakubatsira kuchengetedza upenyu nyika.