Leitmotifs - ndiko yemunyori pfungwa kuburikidza prism pamusoro muverengi kuti maonero

The leitmotif mumabhuku - ndiyo pfungwa huru, riri dzvuku mutsetse anomhanya kuburikidza yose basa. Pakutanga, shoko mumhanzi uyu, uye mabhuku nevatsoropodzi, pasina kufunga kaviri, iye rakumbirwa. Shoko "leitmotif" rinobva German the Leitmotiv, uye chaizvoizvo rakashandurwa se "chikuru vavariro" kana "kutungamirira kweshoko".

Uye mimhanzi, mune mabhuku

In chimedu mumhanzi leitmotif - Nde Rwiyo, dingindira kana mumhanzi chimurenga, izvo muchinangwa murwiyo. Tinogona kutaura kuti vakawanda nziyo vanobviswa sepokutangira rwiyo, vari zvakasiyana siyana. mutoo uyu zvinonzi leitmotif. Zvinoreva "leitmotif" mumabhuku kungava zvinzwisiswe iri nzwisisa sandara, sezvo shoko "vavariro" riri chinoshingaira Mutauro vanhu vakawanda. Emotional ndege, dzidziso kana musoro mukuru mumwe kana kupfuura mabasa okugadzira zvinhu kumunyori kana basa rake imwe nguva - ndiko kuti leitmotif.

Music sezvo pfungwa uye kunzwa

Pfungwa "leitmotif" iri mumhanzi wokutanga akauya musicologist uye pedagogue Friedrich Wilhelm Jensen, uye kushingaira kushandisa basa ravo chakatanga akakurumbira wenziyo German Richard Wagner. Hans von Wolzogen akashandisa shoko rokuti "leitmotif" kakawanda, kunyanya paakataura nezve basa Wagner kuti rakanyorwa. Sezvo Richard Wagner akanyora dhanzi refu yakasiyana hunhu uye kugutsikana, kushandisa Hurukuro inokosha yaiva kunofanira kwaari uye kunyange njodzi dzinongoitika, nokuti nenzira iyoyo zvakanga nyore kuramba mumwe mhepo uye kuchengeta muteereri zvakarurama kumunetsawo. Kunyange pfupi ake mumhanzi kunoita kuti muteereri kusiyira zvose uye kuzvipira chete mimhanzi, nokuti motifs anoshandiswa Wagner, haagoni kusiya munhu hanya.

Yakarasika uye kushaya tariro

Tsanangura mabhuku mashoko akanakira mienzaniso yakananga, uye ichi kana yakanaka nevanyori vanonzi "chizvarwa chakarasika". Saka, Erich Mariya ikataura akanyora pamusoro vanhu zvakasiyana zvachose uye kashoma vaishandisa chete vatambi akawanda mabasa ake, asi leitmotif basa rake ndiro mwoyo yevanhu uye vanozviwana pashure kutyisa hondo.

Similar kana akafanana pfungwa inoshandiswa mumabhuku ake, uye dzimwe vamiririri boka iri vanyori. chikuru leitmotifs dzavo - ndiyo nekusagona kurarama upenyu asina nyika, kuti nokumunyima ramangwana pashure anotora rutivi ruvengo, uye kwakakwana nihilism, pahwaro kutsvinya kuupenyu uye kushaya kutenda zvakanakisisa. Chimwe anozivikanwa mumiririri munhu akarasika chizvarwa vanyori - zviri Ernest Hemingway, ane mabhuku pane zvakawanda softness, asi vakawanda mumhepo kwavari zvakafanana zvikuru munhu zvamagara mu mabasa Erich Remarque.

Pretenduesh - kuva!

Kazhinji, asi leitmotifs - chinhu kwete pachena kwakacherechedzwa nemabasa, asi dzisinganyatsooneki, akavanda pakati pemitsara. Dzimwe nguva kunogona kuva leitmotif kumunetsawo. Somuenzaniso, tinogona kutaura kuti basa rake vanyori postmodern mangwanani vakashandisa leitmotif unhu zvikapesana pacharo, iro irrationality kwenyika uye kukosha manzwiro uye manzwiro vepachokwadi. Kakawanda, apo munyori anosanangura nhungamiro umo aida kuita, atanga kuziva nyaya huru kuti sei vamwe vake. Somuenzaniso, kana vateveri naturalism pakarepo kutanga munyonga kubva yakajeka rondedzero yacho, uye vateveri realism - kutiudza sei huru mutambi zvavo kwaye upenyu hwaAbhigairi vakashanya, kuti ishamwari yakadaro chirongwa haana kunzwisisa uye havana kutsigira. Zvisinei, zvakanaka leitmotifs - ndiyo hwaro nani nevanyori chekare, uye mitemo iyoyo kare dzaisungwa mumabhuku ano.

How kusiyanisa zvakanaka kubva mabhuku zvakaipa?

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti leitmotif, izvo airidza akasimudza munyori mune rimwe kana kupfuura mabasa, pave manyorerwo uye manyorerwo kunyora. Kushandisa akasarudzwa nyaya dzakawanda, uyewo rudzi kuvaka nhaurirano uye kushandiswa yemifananidzo uye manyorero namano - ichi inongova anoratidza chimwe munyori pakati mazana vamwe. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti munyori akanaka nyore chaizvo kusiyanisa kubva mediocre. Kana munyori anogona kuwanikwa mundima dzakawanda kana kuti kunyange mapeji, ipapo akakwanisa kusika manyorerwo uye nevamwe yake manyorero, nokuti raakanga aidawo vaverengi. Dzakakurumbira mabhuku uye ingano, zvakadai kutanga haina kuchengetwa zvinenge kumbobvira nekuti pfungwa pane pamusoro mashoko chokwadi uye rondedzero chiitiko, pane manzwiro uye pfungwa vatambi. Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti leitmotifs - chinhu kufanira chingaita kuti akakurumbira mabhuku nokuti mabhuku akadaro kazhinji kuverenga kamwe uye pakarepo kukanganwika.

Mabhuku dzidziso nokuti vaduku

Zvinoshamisa, chinhu chakadai somunhu leitmotif, akacherechedza kunyange mabhuku evana. Zvechokwadi, mune dzakawanda rengano kuti vana dingindira uye pfungwa huru yaiva dzakajeka dzidziso netsika uye yakajeka, asi chete ivo chaizvo leitmotif. By mataurire kunyora dzechembere nguva dzose zvinogoneka kusiyanisa kubva mamwe Genres mabhuku, kunyange kana chigadzirwa wakapfuurira wandei chinja pezvakaitwa. mabasa chevana zvinokosha zvakadaro zvinofanira pasi sezvo dzakanyatsojeka, asi dzimwe nguva vanyori uye kupa vaverengi vaduku kufungisisa yavo. Kana "munhu mukuru" mabhuku leitmotif rinoshandiswa zvikuru kuzivisa romunyori chinangwa, muna rengano uye nyaya anorayiridza wake dzakagadzirirwa pachena nokuisa pakati chigadzirwa uye kuva nyaya anoritsanangura.