Perm. Zvicherwa (Donongodzo)

The upenyu neimwe mamiriro ezvoupfumi zvinoenderana zvinhu zvakawanda. Zvakafanana zvinokosha munyika zvaunazvo. Mineral reserves hunodiwa chero maindasitiri kwemauto, rokurima basa, kuvakwa. Uyewo, kugadzirwa uye kushanda nomumwe nharaunda kunoenderana Kuwanikwa zviwanikwa zvavo uwandu.

Wokutanga munda

Chikuru zvicherwa zviri Perm Krai rinotsanangura chiyero basa. Pano ari kushingaira kuramba kuva minda mafuta, munyu, madhaimani, ndarama, marasha nezvimwe.

Zvinokosha kuteerera chokwadi kuti kutsvaka pfuma, akapa pachisikirwo - ngozi uye rakaoma basa. Kasiri kare, vashandi vakanga mubasa kuwanikwa esimbi prospectors dzainzi. Asi munyika ano vari kuita Vanodzidza - unyanzvi ane nyanzvi azvipire kurovedza uye zvinodiwa.

Vamwe zvicherwa deposits iri Perm kudunhu akazozivikanwa kubva pakati XV remakore. Geological nguva inonzi "Perm", kwakaratidzwa Zvakawanikwa vokutanga mundima nharaunda yacho-refu deposits wamatombo. munorumbidzirweiko Izvi runobva kuna Geological rwendo vakatendeseka wokuEngland Murchison, uyo akakwanisa kuziva kumahombekombe Yegoshikha inokosha dzinongoitika reserves.

Perm munyu deposits

Zvakaratidza kuti imwe nyika vatungamiriri pamusoro munyu mumatanda ndiyo chaiwo Perm nharaunda. Zvicherwa Verkhnekamsk nechipiriso ibwe, potashi uye potassium uye magnesium munyu. Pasina nharaunda pamusoro Berezniki uye Solikamsk ari kudzika mamita anosvika 600 gobvu akaturikidzana yomunyu dziri. The topmost rukoko iri ibwe, uyewo kunoitika sechinhu zvenguva zviuno. Shure payo pane paiva potassium uye magnesium, uye zvakasimba chete kuti vasvike potashi uye dombo strata. Hazviiti, Vanodzidza kudana angu "pie."

Verkhnekamsk munyu deposits dzakaumbwa makore anopfuura miriyoni imwe apfuura. Zvakaratidza kuti kamwe pano akanga apinda pagungwa. Nokuda Migumisiro inopisa chezuva yomugungwa iri neshungu uye vaporized kwenguva yakareba. The munyu wevasungwa iri zvishoma nezvishoma wakaderedzwa mune mari mvura ikawanda, uye akatanga kuunganidza runonyanya pakudzika duku shoma bays. Zvino gungwa akanyangarika zvachose, panzvimbo yayo yakanga kutanga paumbwe imwe pevhu imba yokuchengetera zvinhu siyana munyu, dzakapendwa zvakasiyana-siyana mavara, kubva wakachena chena kuti piriviri.

Resources padombo munyu

Rock munyu iri Pink yellow ruvara kakawanda, pamwe zvakazara mazita zvicherwa Perm Territory zvinosanganisira Hauoneki uye vakachena subspecies matanda aya. Halite (vanonzi läpinäkyvä munyu) nyore urwa mvura, rinoshandiswa vanhu zvavo zvezuva nezuva zvinodiwa kuti kwemazana emakore anoverengeka pamusara. Upper Cam ane nzvimbo uko subsoil yakabatana sesaline podstupayut pasi. Fani iyi yaiva mhaka zvakasikwa zvinopa munyu.

Mapiyona ari saltworks nyaya yaiva Kalinnikova mutengesi Vaviri, uyo akasvika achibva Novgorod. Vanonakidzwa nokuita pfuma Permian nyika, ivo vakava dzokubudisa yomunyu pedyo nenzizi uye Usolka Borovitsa, kuvaka dzimba dzakawanda uye kushongedza ari saltworks. Kamwe zvinova anozivikanwa kuti nechitarisiko musha muduku woMunyu Kama kunhivi huru nzvimbo hove rakanga hwaro kuti chidzoke yazvino guta Solikamsk.

Kukura kugadzirwa munyu iri XV-XVI emakore

Zvikurukuru, munyu kugadzirwa raiva rimwe kupomba brine uye kwemvura. Chinhu chinokosha chokuti nguva ndechokuti tafura munyu vaisagona kuva nyore kutenga. Inogona kutengwa panguva mutengo iripo haisi munhu wose.

Nokukurumidza Kama wakapfuurira nhaka mamwe pfuma varidzi makagamuchira kubva Ivana Groznogo youmambo chata kubvumira. In pakati pezana XVI remakore, varidzi venyika vava vatengesi Stroganoff munyaya indasitiri. Sezvo munyu dzokubudisa kwasvika kuvandudza mukurumbira uye vose Perm nharaunda. Zvicherwa vakatengesa mukati Russia uye aivigirwa kuti Kishi kunyika. Kukura munharaunda zveupfumi vakauya nouchapupu mari uye anogona kubudirira kuva indasitiri.

"Permyak - the wakawanda nzeve"

Pakazosvika nguva munyu deposits pamusoro vashandi vakawanda nyore dzaibatanidzwa, nokuti iyo zita remadunhurirwa rokuti richiripo nanhasi, anozivikanwa somunhu "Permyak - rakanga rine munyu risina nzeve". Kunodana avo akava chikonzero. Chokwadi chokuti basa paminda Stroganov chiedza haana vaiona, sezvo inobata kwete nokufadza kwazvo nemigumisiro vashandi. Kuburikidza dzakawanda masaga zvishandiswezve zvinhu seeped munyu guruva. On utano hwevanhu, nguva dzose achikakata dzakapoteredza mutoro, kwakaratidza isakarurama: anoteura kukanganisa ganda, maoko uye nenzeve, uye ipapo vakanga tsvuku uye anorwadza.

Vachikudza vanhu vachizvipira mubasa basa iri, pakati Perm yakaiswa Permians shongwe. Verkhnekamsk munyu akaramba nguva chete munyu shaker kwete chete nokuda zvizvarwa zvose Russian, asiwo kwainyanya kuti kukura makemikari bhizimisi uye chikafu rwokugadzira. Zvisinei, pamwe kuwanikwa yeminda mari yakawanda muna Volga mumudziyo madhamu saltworks indasitiri yekudyidzana kufambira kumhanya kwavo Perm mudunhu.

Potassium uye magnesium zviwanikwa

Zvizhinji paya pedyo Solikamsk Ryazantsev NP vakawana deposits kuti potassium uye magnesium munyu. Zvino zvinokosha Vanodzidza kuwana apo drilling tsime, iro pashure ainzi pashure mukadzi akawana Lyudmila. Vanechitsama emakore ari pedyo Lyudmilinskoy chizvarwa Vanodzidza vakawana potassium munyu vaaleanpunainen nomumvuri, akapfeka yesayenzi zita sylvinite.

Munguva yokudzidza, vatsvakurudzi vakaona nzvimbo yakawanikwa kuti zvakawanda chicherwa zvinhu vachakwanisa kupa zvakawanda girazi, potashi fetiraiza kuti hwokurima kweShanduro Perm yose. Zvicherwa zvakafanana dunhu Developers akapa mumwe Ndakashamiswa pashure gore: a gobvu azvipire munyu iri ibwe rukoko yomunyu deposits, ane akafanana zvaisanganisira magnesium.

Kubva yakadaro rima dzvuku munyu mberi kuwana kamari utsotso simbi iyo rinoshandiswa shipbuilding nendege kuvakwa.

Kuwanikwa oiri

Tichitarisa munyu zvicherwa zviri Perm Krai (vamwe mapikicha vari pamusoro apa), unofanira zvachose kutaura netsaona kuwanikwa ane munda mafuta. Kuti tizive miganhu aimbova zvomumvura expanses chikwata Vanodzidza, ku Preobrazhenskiy P. I., muna 1928 mukati mumusha Verhnechusovskie maguta vakaita kutsvaka okuwedzera, zvakawanda unexplored munyu reserves. Hapana kunyange kugona kufunga kuti uchawana nzvimbo mafuta kuchera. The zvakawanda kuti basa vaizorega nokuda kwokushayiwa munyu migodhi. Zvichakadaro Kuchinja akaramba kubvisa kuchera, akasarudza kuramba kuchera uye mberi kudzamisa patsime.

Flair haana mwoyo Chief Geologist - aine kudzika anenge 330 metres vacho dombo, vakazadzwa mafuta. Somugumisiro, zvakanga zvakawanda zvikuru pamusoro mafuta firimu. At nzvimbo yokutanga tsime, noruremekedzo zita remadunhurirwa rokuti "Ambuya", akaisa neshongwe. Nguva panowanikwa wokutanga kupaza pasi tsime kwenguva refu akaramba ndangariro vanhu, akaratidza mumabhuku nemabasa, essays, netsamba.

Kuonekwa inotevera mafuta chicherwa deposits of Perm nharaunda kwakaitika muna 1934 muna Krasnokamsk. nguva ino, sezvo ari yapfuura mumwe, hapana akafungidzira kuti zvakare haana zvikuru kuwana zvamurikuda. Usati dzagumburwa mafuta, muguta akaronga vanochera chitubu yechirimo. Nokukurumidza pedo Vanodzidza yakawanikwa minda dzinoverengeka, kusanganisira Osinskoye, Chernushinskogo, Kuedinsky, Ohrid nevamwe.

Coalfield muna Perm nharaunda

Mineral pfuma Perm nharaunda (mufananidzo uye zita nomumwe anogona kuwanikwa kushandiswa periodicals) kwaro mazita vane uye marasha. Pasinei chokwadi kuti kufambidzana, yokupedzisira marasha reserves havakwanisi kufukidza kugadzirwa zvinodiwa Kama, hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti Somuenzaniso, Kizel marasha bheseni inopa huni huru chikamu ndima wokuRussia kuti anopfuura mazana maviri nemakore.

Rinoshandiswa nenzira kudziyisa dzemapurisa, maindasitiri zvirimwa, simbi zvinomera uye nokuda kudziyisa vemo.

Extraction kuti simbi dzinokosha uye matombo

Mune dzimwe nzvimbo vachiri anoenda dzokubudisa zvinokosha mangoda. Ivo zvinowanika pamatombo uye dzine mabwe placers rwizi kumiganhu. Advantageously, munzvimbo idzi mune matombo Hauoneki, asi kazhinji kuwana mangoda zviri yero uye zvitema mavara. Diamonds - faceted mangoda. anokosha izvi zvinonyanya kudhura. Kushandiswa kwete chete kune jewelers kusika ounyanzvi dzavo. Diamonds kazhinji mumabasa pezvakaitwa zhinji kunzwisisa. Somuenzaniso, vanogona kuita pasina kuchera zvakaoma yamatombo, girazi kubudiswa, simbi namabwe.

Zvinonzi wekutanga nedhaimani akawana Permian serf mukomana gumi nemana, Pasha Popov. Naizvozvo, akanga paakapiwa freestyle sechinhu Ndinokutendai zvinokosha kuziva. Munharaunda, yakabatana mudziva Vishera River, kwerinenge remakore mined goridhe. Minda vakabudirira zvikuru inonzi Popovski chikomo uye Chuvalskoe.

Mamwe zvicherwa

Vamwe zvinhu zviri Perm mudunhu akayera yakakura reserves, izvo huchagara anopfuura rimwe remakore. Izvi zvinosanganisira peat pfuma, iyo maererano rokutanga Geological Zvinofungidzirwa sezvakarayirwa bhiriyoni anoverengeka matani. Peat kunoongwa kunyanya kwete chete sezvo mafuta asiwo zvakasikwa fetiraiza zvinomera.

Uyewo kucherechedza kuti ivhu, jecha, reraimu, gypsum - munhu ruzivo kuti akapfuma Perm. Zvicherwa zviri chakarondedzera zvinokosha. Ivo anoshandiswa nevakawanda munguva kuvakwa.