Brachiocephalic hunde: pfungwa uye tsananguro

pfungwa "brachiocephalic hunde" iri kusunungurwa anatomi zvose vanhu nemhuka. Today ngatimbotaura nezvazvo zvizere.

mukuru pfungwa

Zita muviri ichi anotaura pacharo. Brachiocephalic hunde runoita kubva yeropa pakati mutsara sternum. Anobva anokwira nepane obliquely, uye ipapo kutsigira, uye pachiyero acromioclavicular muhudyu rakakamurwa arteries maviri. Zvinowanikwa pamberi trachea, izvo vana kufukidzwa thymus shwanu, uye ane diki kureba matatu mana masendimita.

Vacheche kazhinji anoudzawo tsefaladu pamusoro sternoklavikulyarnuyu nekunyatsotsanangura pamberi Triangle kwemitsipa.

Hunde yacho munhu

Muvanhu, muviri uyu une maumbirwo pamusoro apa. Kazhinji mudziyo pfupi uye mikobvu, izvo matavi huviri tsinga zvakanaka kuti kumativi ose - zvakanaka uye mberi - vari nokufukidzwa pleura. In rworuboshwe chikamu muviri womunhu ari tsinga ikoko. Zvikasadaro, ngarava yainzi brachycephalic hunde (kubva muchiLatin zita) kana innominate tsinga.

Murume ane dhiramu brachiocephalic pasi zvimwe zvirwere. Pakati pavo pane zvinotevera:

• Atherosclerosis (kuunganidza remafuta akawandisa uye mafuta pamusoro yomukati madziro arteries);
• pakupona;
• hemangioma (benign bundu kuti anova chiduku midziyo ropa);
• tsinga zvinokuvadza;
• aneurysms (kuwedzera lumen kakapetwa maviri kana kupfuura);
• occlusive lesion Arch mapazi (pakakuvara vascular permeability, iyo inotungamirira ischemia uropi uye migumo (yokumusoro)).

Kana uine matambudziko ngarava anofanira raireva vascular kuvhiyiwa.

Hunde mhuka

brachiocephalic hunde Anatomy navo inotevera. Zvakasiyana vanhu kuti chinotungamirwa kumukova mubhokisi mhango, uye ipapo atova rakakamurwa arteries maviri kuruboshwe (a kurudyi kwevanhu). Izvi ndepana ufanane thoracal vertebra wechipiri.

Mune dzimwe mhuka, dzakadai Imbwa nenguruve, brachiocephalic hunde ikoko, panzvimbo pake - mbiri akasiya arteries kuti ubude kutsemuka chematenga. Kubva mumwe arteries, yainzi brachiocephalic, akaendisa carotid arteries, izvo takura ropa kusvikira musoro mhuka. Kunze iri bhiza kuti ane shoma duku arteries pairi.

Brachiocephalic hunde anopa ropa kusvikira musoro, mutsipa, bhokisi mutezo pechipfuva rusvingo.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, hunde ichi kusvika pasi thyroid shwanu ndiye muduku thyroid tsinga. Nokuda hunde inogona ndanyarara hangu nokuda kushaya kana kusavapo mumwe thyroid midziyo.

hunde mapazi

Kuti tiite kuti midziyo kubva subclavian arteries vane mhuka chaiwo kusiyana. Kubva tsinga vaende mapazi zvinotevera:

• Rumbabvu-remuromo hunde anopa ropa kuti tsandanyama kwemitsipa uye rikaoma. Anoendazve pamwe arteries akadai zvakadzama remuromo vertebral uye (mu ruminants nenguruve) kana chete wokutanga wavo (carnivores). In mabhiza, hunde ndiyo yakazvimirira bazi.
• remuromo tsinga zvakadzama anopa "extensors" musoro uye mutsipa. Diverges iri pamutsipa tsandanyama, wake cranial negwara. Pamutsipa, uyewo musana bazi siyana ane koratararo wechipiri. Yenguruve, imbwa, tsinga iri bazi nerumbabvu-remuromo hunde.
• Vertebral tsinga ndiyo chiutsi. Akaudzawo cranially. Nokusvitsa atirasi, anosunungura davi tsandanyama uye musana anoenda nepakaburi rokutanga remuromo vertebra (atirasi) uye mutsipa mhuka siyana guru chokubuda nzira (anonzi collaterals). In mombe zvinokambaira pamwe matavi pamusoro apa. A carnivores ndiye wokutanga mudziyo ropa, iro anoendazve kubva subclavian tsinga.
• Plechesheynaya tsinga (zvimwe aizivikanwawo zvachero remuromo tsinga) anobvumira mutsipa tsandanyama neropa, dewlap uye pamusuo chipfuva. The nguruve runoita kure naye thyroid hunde.
• Yomukati dzokunze thoracal tsinga. Yomukati pamusoro inoendeswa caudal kuti sternum, totaura mbabvu rechinomwe uye zvenyama. mudziyo wake hwokupedzisira akauya musculo-diaphragmatic tsinga. Dzimwe unoburukira uye zvokushandisa ropa kune abdominal mhango tsandanyama, nguruve uye carnivores uyewo mammary shwanu. Outdoor tsinga bypasses rumbabvu wokutanga uye matavi yakadzika iri zamu tsandanyama. tsinga iri nani havaratidzi yakatanga.

Next brachiocephalic hunde mhuka, achiita Left arteries inova axillary tsinga. Ndivo kwainyanya kweropa nerubatsiro thoracal maoko nemakumbo.