Motor chikwata - chii?

Motor kana injini chikwata chiri boka fibers izvo innervated pedyo motoneuron. Huwandu fibers enzvimbo iyoyo Unit, dzingasiyana zvichienderana mashandiro tsandanyama. Sangano duku rinopa, duku injini chikwata uye zvishoma kushanda inodikanwa kwayo excitation.

Motor zvidzidzo: zvavo kupatsanura.

Kudzidza nyaya iyi inokosha nguva. Ko nzira izvo chero injini chikwata chinogona kuzivikanwa. Physiology somunhu sainzi, rinozivisa zviviri zvinodiwa:

• Kasira rutapudzo pakupindura ive chiratidzo;
• kuneta nokukurumidza.

Saizvozvowo, pachishandiswa zviratidzo izvi, mhando nhatu injini zviumbu zvinogona kupatsanurwa.

1. Zvishoma nezvishoma, usinganeti. Dzavo injini Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu zvine yakawanda myoglobin, iro rine yakakwirira sungano nokuda oxygen. Tsandanyama vari yakawanda kunonoka injini Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu dzinonzi mutsvuku nokuti chaiyo ruvara. Ivo vanofanira kuramba munhu mamiriro uye kuitamba mwero.
2. Quick, matai. tsandanyama idzi kuita vakawanda cheka munguva pfupi. Fibers navo zvine yakawanda simba zvinhu iyo achishandisa oxidative phosphorylation kunogona kuwanikwa mamorekuru pamusoro ATP.
3. Fast, husingakwanisi kuneta. fibers izvi ane mitochondria shoma, uye ATP inoumbwa cleavage kuti shuga mamorekuru. tsandanyama idzi dzinonzi chena nekuti havana myoglobin.

The vamapoka wokutanga mhando

The propulsion chairema wokutanga mhando kana kunonoka neutomlyaemaya, rinowanikwa kakawanda muzvinhu netsandanyama. motoneurons kwakadaro vane pasi excitation chikumbaridzo uye kumhanya etsinga zvatinganzwa. Central tsinga Sero outgrowth waro inouraya mugove ari mapazi uye faibha duku innervates boka. The kakawanda discharges rokusvika anonoke injini zviumbu - kubva nhanhatu kusvika gumi pulses muzana wechipiri. Motoneuron anogona kutsigira mutinhimira yakadaro mukati mashomanana makumi ezviuru maminitsi.

Power uye nokukurumidza kuderedza injini vamapoka wokutanga mhando nehafu nguva shoma pane dzimwe mhando motokari dzakabatana. Chikonzero ichi - mwero yakaderera kubva ATP uye anononoka outputs calcium ions kuruvazhe muchitokisi Kamudzira kuti tichisunga kuti troponin.

The vamapoka rechipiri mhando

The propulsion chairema ichi mhando ine guru motor-neurone chiine uye refu axons kuti innervate huru boka tsandanyama fibers. Masero aya tsinga vane soro chikumbaridzo excitation uye yakakwirira kumhanya tsinga nomunhu.

Panguva kunonyanyisa voltage kuti tsandanyama, tsinga kupomba maitikiro kunogona kusvika masekonzi makumi mashanu. Asi motoneuron hachisi kukwanisa kuchengetedza refu conduction velocity saka kutsanya vakaneta. Simba uye mwero zvinoderedza tsandanyama fibers rechipiri mhando kupfuura yaimbovapo, kubva uwandu myofibrils mairi zvikuru. The fibers ane makemikari akawanda kuti kuputsa shuga asi zvishoma mitochondrial mapuroteni myoglobin uye ropa midziyo.

Vamapoka wechitatu mhando

The propulsion chairema rechitatu mhando vari kutsanya, asi husingakwanisi kuneta kuti tsandanyama fibers. Maererano zvachiri zvinofanira kutora chinhu zvenguva ukoshi pakati rokutanga mhando uye chechipiri motokari dzakabatana. The tsandanyama fibers tsandanyama simba, kutsanya uye oma. Nokuti kugadzirwa simba rinogona kushandisa zvose Kurovedza uye anaerobic nzira.

Nhamba kutsanya uye anononoka fibers vari majini vakatsunga uye anogona dzinosiyana vanhu vakasiyana. Ndokusaka munhu akanaka ari kure kumhanya, mumwe nyore chinokunda zana mamita yokungoi- ta bara, uye mumwe kupfuura akakodzera Weightlifting.

Reflex kuti kunetsana uye injini dzouropi dziva

Kana Munotatamura ose tsandanyama faibha kuderedza akatanga kupindura. Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu dzavo chamutsa discharges kusvikira pulses gumi muzana wechipiri. Kana tsandanyama kuramba ruoko, kuti vatange kupomba kakawanda achawanda kusvika makumi mashanu. Izvi zvichaita kuti zvinoderedza kuti injini vamapoka wechitatu mhando, uye kuwedzera tsandanyama simba zvakapetwa kagumi. Pamusoro mberi Munotatamura batanidza injini fibers rechipiri mhando. Izvi zvichaita kuwanda simba tsandanyama shure mana kana rushanu.

The propulsion chairema tsandanyama inotongwa motokari Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu. A seti masero etsinga anoumba mhasuru, rinonzi gwenya dzouropi dziva. Mune imwe dziva anogona kuva panguva imwe chete kubva akasiyana Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu, Qualitative uye quantitative anoratidza, motokari dzakabatana. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, zvikamu tsandanyama fibers dziri mabasa panguva uye kusvika kuti kunowedzera makakatanwa uye kumhanya etsinga nomunhu.

"Pfungwa yacho ukoshi"

The propulsion chairema tsandanyama, zvichienderana ayo mhando, ipfupi chete kana imwe pachikumbaridzo mutoro. Procedure excitation stereotyped injini zviumbu: kutanga wakaderedzwa wakanaka injini Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu, tsinga nomunhu vari ipapo zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika guru. Izvi muenzaniso pakati remakore rechimakumi maviri akaona Edvud Henneman. Akariti "nheyo tsika."

Brown uye Bronk hafu yezana remakore yakanga yapfuura yakabudiswa mabasa avo pamusoro kudzidza nheyo kushanda-siyana tsandanyama dzakabatana. Ivo vanoti kuti pane nzira mbiri kudzora marwadzo ose tsandanyama fibers. Chokutanga izvi - ndiko kuwedzera kakawanda tsinga nomunhu uye mumwe - kuita muitiro napo kuwanda motokari Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu.