Periodization - chii ichi? World periodization

Periodization inogona zvichida kunzi kupfuura chinokosha kudzidza mubvunzo haisi nhoroondo chete, asiwo tsika - zvinhu, chokwadi, interconnected. Pasina ruzivo mitemo kuchinja epochs zviri kutonetsa kuvaka mufananidzo wakakwana chenyika.

zvinoreva

Mune truest pfungwa periodization - mumwe weboka chinhu kupinda nguva zvikamu. Kazhinji, shoko racho rinoshandiswa pakudzidza philology, nhoroondo kana tsika zvidzidzo. Zviri zvakatipoteredza zivo yesayenzi ndiye kupfuura nokukurumidza uye zvakakodzera.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kungoitira kusiyana kukosha periodization rokuti - rudzi kwegadziriro hurongwa. Inside imwe kuparadzana angawanika wechipiri, uye zvichingodaro, izvo zvinobatsira kese, kugadzirisa uye specificity-siyana zvinoshamisa mumatenga.

mhando periodization

Kubvira ayo shanduka, vanhu kwapfuura mireniyumu, hazvishamisi kuti ivepo inogona kukamurwa nguva. Chekutanga, zviri nyore zvikuru kunzwisisa, uye chechipiri - kudzidzwa. Periodization - rudzi nokusanganisa chokwadi mune imwe gadziriro. Muchiitiko ichi tiri kutaura pamusoro zviitiko zvinokosha, zviitiko.

Nyore Muenzaniso periodization anganzi nguva-kugovana kuvapo kwevanhu pamusoro munguva iyi uye nguva iyo yave kwaari.

A chaiwo uye yakarurama chisarudzo - munhu periodization emakore. Inogona kumiririrwa mu dzakasiyana zviviri: kunyatsotevedza nguva nekupatsanurwa kwemazana emakore achitevedza netsika-zviitiko. Somuenzaniso, muzana remakore namasere mumabhuku achava substantially akasiyana karenda.

World periodization zvikuru mukuru kupfuura weboka kupinda nguva zvikamu imwe nyika chaiwo kana kunyange kondinendi. Kutaura zvazviri, zviri systematization uku kunogona kuva chaiko, aesthetic, zvenhoroondo, uye, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, mukarenda.

Periodization ounyanzvi

Kana kudana foshoro foshoro, periodization mabhuku, kana zvimwe kuratidzwa Art ari weboka kupinda nguva okusika zvinhu. Ndicho chikuru chine uye nevamwe chiratidzo.

Setsika, iyo periodization mabhuku, uye dzimwe mhando dzakawanda okugadzira zvinhu zvinosanganisira Antiquity, kuMiddle Ages, Renaissance, Baroque, Classicism, dzidzo, romanticism, realism uye ano. Chokwadi, nokupesana ichi vanogona kunzi zvemasanga, sezvo zvichiita kuti zvimwe kosi nechimwe izvi nguva: sentimentalism, Rococo, naturalism, uye vamwe.

In unyanzvi (kupenda, mapurani), nokupesana ichi anochengeterwa mukuru, asi dzimwe nguva anogona kungova vasipo. Somuenzaniso, hapana nomumwe angadai kubvunza kodzero kuvapo Baroque nguva munhoroondo mumhanzi, asi zera kuvhenekerwa, sezvo ari madikanwa mabhuku, muumambo inzwi akarasika - akapiwa nguva ndokwaJehovha zvachose kuti classicism.

It zvikuru anosarudza nhau periodization - kusiyana kukura siyana ounyanzvi uye paumbwe statehood uye, naizvozvovo, nyika rokuita munyika dzakasiyana. Nemhaka iyi dzinoti kuparadzana kune chaiyo nguva chose kuoma.

Periodization pakukura imwe mhando yebasa kwevanhu, uye vanhu pacharo, sezvo kare ambotaurwa, kunoenderana zviviri on: enhoroondo zviitiko uye unhu. Kuuya muenzaniso chaiwo, nyore nzira kuenda nzira akapa periodization mabhuku mune akapoteredza mamwe hwemashiripiti.

nguva puranga

Anovhura tsika nyika kare. Vazhinji vaongorori dzinobvumirana kuti iyi kusvikira muzana remakore rechishanu BC. Kutaura zvazviri, kuti vanhu, ichi nguva anganzi chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha - munguva yekare nguva nheyo dzenyika uzivi, aesthetics uye zvisingarambiki. Aristotle zvaJehovha Poetics ichiri kunzi imwe yenzvimbo inokosha mabasa. Uyezve, inguva ichi, vanhu chikwereti kunzwisisa uri sezvo kupangidza chokwadi - mimetic unyanzvi.

"The Odyssey", "rinonzi Iliad", iro nheyo dzenyika epos, aonekwa kare.

Munyika sayenzi nemagariro chipo chinogamuchirwa zita panguva ino yerima mazera. Chekutanga, panguva ino kwakanga inofanira wakakwana kudzvinyirira kunamata muviri uye unyanzvi sezvo vakadaro. Nyika yose akarega kuna chitendero, Mwari, mweya. Nguva Holy dare rechechi, muroyi yakadaro uye kuvapo chete magwaro chokuita chechi. Sezvo periodization - pfungwa iyi zvikuru kufambisa, pane kumwe kupesana kupinda mangwanani uye mushakabvu Middle Ages. The yakakurumbira mufananidzo pamusoro nguva vaiona kuti Dante Alighieri akadana mudetembi wekupedzisira Ages uye mudetembi Renaissance rokutanga.

nguva itsva

Rinotanga itsva nguva munenge regumi namashanu remakore BC kusvika kumugumo navatanhatu. Humanity anodzokera nevatambi akare uye anthropocentrism, kusiya yapfuura nhamba theocentrism. Renaissance akapa nyika Shakespeare, Petrarch, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo.

Baroque - chimwe chezvinhu mavara nguva tsika nyika, semnadtsatyy- pakuvamba namasere remakore. Nyika munhambo iyi chaizvoizvo kuumbiridzwa, vanhu anoziva asingabatsiri yaro pezvakasikwa, asi tinongorarama kwemakore mashoma upenyu, kushamiswa nezvaireva hwekurarama. Panguva iyi yaaishandira Beethoven uye Bach, Rastrelli uye Caravaggio, Milton uye Luis De Matangira.

Classicism munyika dzakawanda, kubvira nemanomwe kusvika namasere remakore. Iyi ndiyo nguva kunonyanyisa Follow yekare yokutevedzera mu art. Pari kuronga hwaJehoshafati yakajeka mitsetse dzakafanana unaku. In mabhuku mune kuomesa kuparadzana kupinda yakakwirira, svikiro uye vakaderera Genres. Kuva chaiwo ounyanzvi chikwereti zvikuru kuti Chibvumirano Nikolya Bualo. Racine, Corneille, Lomonosov, Lafontaine - pano ndivo vamiririri akakurumbira akawanda dzekare mabhuku. Nziyo zvakare Haydn uye Mozart.

Nokuti classicism akatevera Kujekerwa urwo rwakatora kusvikira pakupera namasere remakore. Ichi kukunda chaiyo rationalism, kudzingirirana kunzwisisa uye kunzwisisa, yakunda pfungwa dzevanhu. Defoe, Swift, Fielding akamira iyoyo iri pamusoro aesthetic kuratidzwa pfungwa.

ndimi tenderera

Romanticism, kutsiva Kujekerwa regumi namasere remakore, pakarepo akapinda hurukuro panyaya mirayiro inotungamirira. Izvi kuitika mune ruchigona nekusiyana, kutiza rationality, kuti spiritualize upenyu hwevanhu, kuti ndiparidzire nevatambi rusununguko. Byron, Hoffmann, hama Grimm, Genrih Geyne yakanakisisa wairatidza chaiyo yaitonga.

Realism, akavapindurawo, vakatanga kukwikwidzana romanticism, achizivisa kurambwa yakazara naka, inoshamisa, vemungano munhu. "Upenyu chii" - kuti nderei uchapupu kuti mirayiridzo. Gyustav Flober, Honoré of Balzac, Stendhal nevamwe vazhinji.

On ichi uye zvimwe

Mune remangwana, mabhuku uye uri kunge wakashanduka-shanduka, dzinokura itsva yakabuda: modernism, post-modernism, chains-garde. Periodization pakukura repfungwa anogona nokusingaperi. Zvingava zvakawanda zvitsva mapazi chaizvoizvo zvinoriumba. Zvinonzi nguva dzose ichifambira mberi, kusvikira nyeredzi uye chinonyanya zvisinganzwisisiki pakadzika. Kunzwisisa uye Huro isingagumi.